CN110655080B - Non-oxidation Ti with function of selectively killing cancer cells 3 C 2 Quantum dot and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Non-oxidation Ti with function of selectively killing cancer cells 3 C 2 Quantum dot and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN110655080B
CN110655080B CN201911035200.XA CN201911035200A CN110655080B CN 110655080 B CN110655080 B CN 110655080B CN 201911035200 A CN201911035200 A CN 201911035200A CN 110655080 B CN110655080 B CN 110655080B
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cancer cells
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CN110655080A (en
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陶绪堂
李雪松
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Shandong University
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    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/90Carbides
    • C01B32/914Carbides of single elements
    • C01B32/921Titanium carbide
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    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K41/00Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
    • A61K41/0057Photodynamic therapy with a photosensitizer, i.e. agent able to produce reactive oxygen species upon exposure to light or radiation, e.g. UV or visible light; photocleavage of nucleic acids with an agent
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
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    • C01P2004/24Nanoplates, i.e. plate-like particles with a thickness from 1-100 nanometer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C01P2004/64Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer

Abstract

The invention relates to non-oxidized Ti with the function of selectively killing cancer cells 3 C 2 The quantum dot has an average size of only about 7nm, is completely free of oxidation and does not contain any toxic elements such as heavy metals, has broad-spectrum inhibition and killing effects on cancer cells, and shows excellent biocompatibility and extremely low cytotoxicity on normal stem cells of a human body. Non-oxidized Ti of the present invention 3 C 2 The quantum dots have great application potential on the way of fighting and defeating cancers in the future. Meanwhile, the quantum dot has the characteristic of rapid and spontaneous water dispersion. When the aqueous dispersion is prepared, ultrasonic and stirring treatment is not needed, which is very beneficial to direct application in biology or medicine.

Description

Non-oxidation Ti with function of selectively killing cancer cells 3 C 2 Quantum dot and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a non-toxic element, non-oxidic Ti obtained by a novel 'micro-explosion' method 3 C 2 The quantum dot has the function of inhibiting and killing cancer cells on the basis of showing good biocompatibility to normal stem cells of a human body, and belongs to the technical field of nanometer.
Background
Cancer is a persistent disease that has not been overcome so far, and the incidence of cancer is increasing, which is a potential threat to the life safety of people. As is well known, chemotherapy is still the main treatment means among four major treatments, namely, tumor surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and biological treatment, but the existing chemotherapeutic drugs have limited antitumor activity, show extremely serious side effects and are expensive. Therefore, the research of the medicine which has no toxic or side effect and good anti-tumor effect has great significance, and the medicine also becomes a new target in the anti-tumor field and is widely concerned by scientists all over the world.
Ti 3 C 2 The quantum dot is a novel two-dimensional crystal material Ti 3 C 2 The preparation of the substrate is widely concerned. For example: chinese patent document CN108611651A discloses a Ti 3 C 2 An electrochemical preparation method of quantum dots, and Chinese patent document CN110013869A discloses a titanium carbide quantum dot loaded by a carbon nitride nanosheet and a preparation method and application thereof; chinese patent document CN110068675A discloses a portable thermal imaging immunoassay method constructed based on photothermal and immune functionalized liposomes, and chinese patent document CN108159438A discloses a photoacoustic imaging contrast agent for cancer diagnosis and a preparation method and application thereof.
Due to Ti 3 C 2 The quantum dots have the property of being easily oxidized, Ti 3 C 2 Ti in quantum dots 3+ Will be oxidized into Ti 4+ The oxidation rate is extremely high, especially at high temperatures. Ti to which the above patent document relates 3 C 2 The quantum dots are not limited by the preparation method at low temperature, and Ti is inevitably caused 3 C 2 And (4) oxidizing the quantum dots.
At present, Ti is completely free of oxidation 3 C 2 The preparation of quantum dots has not been reported and the prepared non-oxidized Ti 3 C 2 The quantum dots have the characteristics of selectively inhibiting and killing cancer cells.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a completely non-oxidized Ti with the function of selectively killing cancer cells 3 C 2 Quantum dots, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Description of terms:
micro-explosion: the micro-explosion is micro-explosion caused by that micro substances form a closed space based on the water seal effect generated by water under the action of extreme temperature difference.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
ti with function of selectively killing cancer cells 3 C 2 Quantum dot of the Ti 3 C 2 The quantum dots are completely free of oxidation and toxic heavy metal elements.
According to the present invention, preferably, said Ti 3 C 2 The size range of the quantum dots is 2-15nm, and the average size is about 7 nm; further preferably, the micro-topography is in the shape of a regular disc.
According to the invention, the Ti with the function of selectively killing cancer cells 3 C 2 The preparation method of the quantum dot comprises the following steps:
mixing Ti 3 C 2 Mixing the base material with liquid nitrogen to make the liquid nitrogen intercalated into Ti 3 C 2 Continuously evaporating, quickly adding hot water before the liquid nitrogen is evaporated, and continuously stirring to obtain a water suspension; filtering the aqueous suspension, and freeze-drying to obtain Ti 3 C 2 And (4) quantum dots.
According to the invention, preferably, Ti 3 C 2 The molar ratio of the base material, the liquid nitrogen and the hot water is (10-20): (40-50): (40-50).
According to the invention, the hot water preferably has a temperature of 90 to 100 ℃.
According to the invention, the stirring speed is preferably 400-600r/min, and the stirring time is preferably 15-30 h.
According to the invention, the filtration is preferably carried out using a filter membrane having a pore size of 220 nm.
According to the invention, said Ti 3 C 2 The base material is a two-dimensional material Ti 3 C 2 (MXene), obtainable by the known art, preferably etching MAX phase Ti by hydrofluoric acid 3 AlC 2 The Al layer is a novel MXene two-dimensional material and has a special accordion-shaped microstructure.
According to the present invention, Ti having a function of selectively killing cancer cells 3 C 2 The preparation method of the quantum dot, a preferred embodiment, uses the following raw materials and their contents by mole:
Ti 3 C 2 10-20 parts of
40-50 parts of liquid nitrogen
40-50 parts of deionized water;
the Ti 3 C 2 Etching MAX phase Ti by hydrofluoric acid 3 AlC 2 The novel MXene two-dimensional material obtained by the Al layer has a special accordion-shaped microstructure;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) two-dimensional material Ti 3 C 2 (MXene) was placed in a Teflon beaker, liquid nitrogen was poured into the beaker and kept at room temperature for 2-5 minutes; in this process, the liquid nitrogen will intercalate the Ti 3 C 2 With constant evaporation;
(2) the liquid nitrogen in the beaker is continuously evaporated, and before the evaporation is finished, deionized water with the temperature of 100 ℃ is quickly added, and the boiling point of the liquid nitrogen is-196 ℃, so that extreme temperature difference is generated, and the liquid nitrogen is positioned in Ti 3 C 2 The liquid nitrogen in the interlayer can be quickly gasified, and a large amount of deionized water can form a water sealing effect, so that Ti can be quickly evaporated 3 C 2 The microcosmic accordion-shaped structure forms a closed space, and then 'micro explosion' is initiated;
(3) stirring the aqueous suspension obtained in the step (2) at a rotation speed of 500r/min and a temperature of 35 ℃ for 1 day so that the quantum dots obtained by the 'micro-explosion' method are separated from the raw material and are fully dispersed in water;
(4) filtering the well-stirred water suspension through a filter membrane with the pore diameter of 220nm to obtain Ti 3 C 2 Carrying out freeze drying treatment on the quantum dot water dispersion liquid to obtain faint yellow Ti 3 C 2 A quantum dot powder.
According to the invention, the whole process of step (2) only requires several minutes. If the liquid nitrogen is completely volatilized, namely the residual quantity of the liquid nitrogen is 0, the micro explosion can not occur.
According to the present invention, the Ti having a function of selectively killing cancer cells 3 C 2 Application of quantum dots in preparing medicines for treating cancers. Further preferred isAnd preparing the medicine for treating cervical cancer and breast cancer.
The invention successfully prepares the Ti which does not contain toxic heavy metal elements and is free from oxidation by a novel micro-explosion method 3 C 2 The quantum dot has the functions of inhibiting and killing cancer cells, has no toxic effect on normal stem cells of a human body, and has good biocompatibility.
Ti of the invention 3 C 2 The quantum dots have the functions of selectively inhibiting and killing various cancer cells. Non-oxidized Ti 3 C 2 The action mechanism of the quantum dots for selectively inhibiting and killing the cancer cells is derived from the response of ROS in the cancer cells, and a large number of hydroxyl radicals are continuously generated, so that the cells in the cancer cells are damaged, the generation of ATP in the cancer cells is inhibited, and the cancer cells are killed.
The response of the ROS involved in the invention is a new reaction mechanism, is different from the traditional 'Fenton reaction' or 'Fenton-like reaction', and does not contain any toxic elements such as heavy metals and the like. The novel green and healthy reaction mechanism has great significance for resisting tumors.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. non-oxidized Ti of the present invention 3 C 2 The quantum dots have the functions of selectively inhibiting and killing various cancer cells, do not contain toxic heavy metal elements, and have the functions of inhibiting and killing the cancer cells on the basis of good biocompatibility on normal stem cells of a human body.
2. Non-oxidized Ti of the present invention 3 C 2 The quantum dots have good water dispersion characteristics, and are convenient for direct application in biology or medicine.
3. Non-oxidized Ti of the present invention 3 C 2 The preparation method of the quantum dots is simple and convenient, and raw material Ti is removed 3 C 2 Besides, only liquid nitrogen and deionized water are used, and other impurity elements are not introduced. Meanwhile, the invention creatively adopts 'micro explosion' formed by extreme temperature difference formed by extremely low temperature and hot water to obtain Ti without oxidation completely 3 C 2 And (4) quantum dots. Successfully solves the problem that the prior art cannotCompletely avoid Ti 3 C 2 The problem of quantum dot oxidation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows Ti prepared in example 2 3 C 2 Photograph of quantum dot powder.
FIG. 2 shows Ti prepared in example 1 3 C 2 Scanning electron micrographs of the base powder.
FIG. 3 shows Ti prepared in example 2 3 C 2 Transmission electron microscopy of quantum dots.
FIG. 4 shows Ti prepared in example 2 3 C 2 Quantum dot XPS plots.
FIG. 5 shows Ti prepared in example 2 3 C 2 And (3) a cytotoxicity test chart of the quantum dots on human normal adipose-derived stem cells.
FIG. 6 shows Ti prepared in example 2 3 C 2 And (3) a cytotoxicity test chart of the quantum dots to cervical cancer cells.
FIG. 7 shows Ti prepared in example 2 3 C 2 And (3) a cytotoxicity test chart of the quantum dots to breast cancer cells.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention. The present invention will be better understood from the following examples. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the specific material ratios, process conditions and results thereof described in the examples are illustrative only and should not be taken as limiting the invention as detailed in the claims.
All parts described in the examples are molar parts.
Example 1 starting Ti 3 C 2 Preparation of (MXene)
First, Ti was added to a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker 3 AlC 2 10 parts of (MAX phase), slowly adding 90 parts of hydrofluoric acid for multiple times, and continuously stirring for 3 days at the ambient temperature of 30 ℃ after the addition till complete reaction. Then, the treatment was carried out by centrifugation and multiple water washes until the pH was close to 7. Vacuum drying to obtain black Ti 3 C 2 Base material powderAnd (4) grinding.
Ti obtained in this example was tested 3 C 2 The scanning electron micrograph of the substrate is shown in FIG. 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, Ti 3 C 2 The substrate size is in the micron range.
Example 2 preparation of Ti by the "microexplosion" method 3 C 2 Quantum dots
10 parts of a two-dimensional material Ti 3 C 2 Placed in a teflon beaker, 50 parts liquid nitrogen were poured into the beaker and kept at room temperature for 3 minutes. In this process, the liquid nitrogen will intercalate the Ti 3 C 2 With constant evaporation. When the remaining amount of liquid nitrogen in the beaker is small, 50 parts of deionized water at 100 ℃ are rapidly added. Since the boiling point of liquid nitrogen is-196 ℃, extreme temperature differences are generated, resulting in the Ti being located 3 C 2 The liquid nitrogen in the interlayer can be quickly gasified, and a large amount of deionized water can form a water sealing effect, so that Ti can be quickly gasified 3 C 2 The microscopic accordion-like structure forms a closed space, and then 'micro explosion' is initiated to obtain the water suspension. The whole process only needs a few minutes. (Note: if the residual amount of liquid nitrogen is 0, then micro-explosion does not occur.)
The obtained aqueous suspension was stirred at a rotation speed of 500r/min for 1 day so that the quantum dots obtained were separated from the starting material and sufficiently dispersed in water.
Then, the well-stirred aqueous suspension was filtered through a filter membrane having a pore size of 220nm to obtain Ti 3 C 2 A pale yellow aqueous dispersion of quantum dots. Then the water dispersion liquid of the quantum dots is subjected to freeze drying treatment to obtain light yellow non-oxidized Ti 3 C 2 A quantum dot powder.
Ti obtained in example 3 C 2 A photograph of the quantum dot powder is shown in fig. 1.
Ti obtained in this example was tested 3 C 2 The transmission electron microscope image of the quantum dot powder is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from FIG. 3, there is no oxidized Ti 3 C 2 The size range of the quantum dots is 2nm-15nm, and the micro appearance is in a regular disc shape.
The non-oxidized Ti obtained in this example was tested 3 C 2 XPS pattern of quantum dot powder is shown in fig. 4. Obtained non-oxidized Ti 3 C 2 The quantum dot Ti element only exists in Ti and Ti 2+ And Ti 3+ Absence of Ti 3 C 2 Oxidized Ti of quantum dot 4+ . This indicates that Ti was obtained 3 C 2 The quantum dots are in a completely non-oxidized state.
Example 3 preparation of Ti by the "microexplosion" method 3 C 2 Quantum dots
20 parts of two-dimensional material Ti 3 C 2 Placed in a teflon beaker, 50 parts liquid nitrogen were poured into the beaker and kept at room temperature for 2 minutes. In this process, the liquid nitrogen will intercalate the Ti 3 C 2 With constant evaporation. When the remaining amount of liquid nitrogen in the beaker is small, 50 parts of deionized water at 90 ℃ are rapidly added. Since the boiling point of liquid nitrogen is-196 ℃, extreme temperature differences are generated, resulting in the Ti being located 3 C 2 The liquid nitrogen in the interlayer can be quickly gasified, and a large amount of deionized water can form a water sealing effect, so that Ti can be quickly gasified 3 C 2 The microscopic accordion-like structure forms a closed space, and then 'micro explosion' is initiated to obtain the water suspension. The whole process only needs a few minutes. (Note: if the residual amount of liquid nitrogen is 0, then micro-explosion does not occur.)
The aqueous suspension obtained was stirred at a rotation speed of 400r/min for 30 hours, so that the quantum dots obtained were separated from the starting material and sufficiently dispersed in water.
Then, the well-stirred aqueous suspension was filtered through a filter membrane having a pore size of 220nm to obtain Ti 3 C 2 A pale yellow aqueous dispersion of quantum dots. Then the water dispersion liquid of the quantum dots is subjected to freeze drying treatment to obtain light yellow non-oxidized Ti 3 C 2 A quantum dot powder.
Example 4 preparation of Ti by the "microexplosion" method 3 C 2 Quantum dots
10 parts of two-dimensional material Ti 3 C 2 Placed in a teflon beaker, 40 parts liquid nitrogen were poured into the beaker and kept at room temperature for 5 minutes. In this process, the liquid nitrogen will intercalate the Ti 3 C 2 With constant evaporation. When the remaining amount of liquid nitrogen in the beaker is small, 40 parts of deionized water at 100 ℃ are rapidly added. Since the boiling point of liquid nitrogen is-196 ℃, extreme temperature differences are generated, resulting in the Ti being located 3 C 2 The liquid nitrogen in the interlayer can be quickly gasified, and a large amount of deionized water can form a water sealing effect, so that Ti can be quickly gasified 3 C 2 The microscopic accordion-like structure forms a closed space, and then 'micro explosion' is initiated to obtain the water suspension. The whole process only needs a few minutes. (Note: if the residual amount of liquid nitrogen is 0, then micro-explosion does not occur.)
The aqueous suspension obtained was stirred at a speed of 450r/min for 20 hours so that the quantum dots obtained were separated from the starting material and well dispersed in water.
Then, the well-stirred aqueous suspension was filtered through a filter having a pore size of 220nm to obtain Ti 3 C 2 A pale yellow aqueous dispersion of quantum dots. Then the water dispersion liquid of the quantum dots is subjected to freeze drying treatment to obtain light yellow non-oxidized Ti 3 C 2 A quantum dot powder.
Test examples, non-oxidized Ti of the present invention 3 C 2 Anti-tumor activity test of quantum dots
For the non-oxidized Ti prepared in the example 2 of the present invention 3 C 2 The quantum dots are subjected to cytotoxicity experiments, and the experimental method adopts an advanced CCK-8 method.
Selecting a cell strain: cervical cancer cells (Hela), breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and human adipose stem cells (ADSCs). The above cells were purchased from cell banks of Chinese academy of sciences (Shanghai, China).
Preparing a sample solution: direct dispersion of non-oxidized Ti with deionized water 3 C 2 The concentrations of the quantum dots are respectively 50 mug/ml, 100 mug/ml and 150 mug/ml. The control solution was prepared in physiological saline under the same conditions.
The experimental results are shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7. Wherein FIG. 5 is non-oxidized Ti 3 C 2 The quantum dots show cytotoxicity to human adipose-derived stem cells under different dosages. As can be seen from FIG. 5, there is no oxidized Ti 3 C 2 The quantum dots show good cell compatibility and extremely low toxicity.
FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 are each non-oxidized Ti 3 C 2 The quantum dots show obvious inhibiting and killing effects on the toxicity test of breast cancer cells and cervical cancer cells under different dosages.
Thus, the non-oxidized Ti of the present invention 3 C 2 The quantum dot has the characteristics of selectively inhibiting and killing cancer cells, and can be an anticancer drug with little side effect.

Claims (10)

1. Ti with function of selectively killing cancer cells 3 C 2 Quantum dot, characterized in that the Ti 3 C 2 The quantum dots are completely free of oxidation and toxic heavy metal elements;
the Ti 3 C 2 The quantum dots are prepared by a micro-explosion method, wherein the micro-explosion is micro-explosion caused by the fact that micro substances form a closed space based on the water seal effect generated by water under the action of extreme temperature difference;
the preparation steps are as follows:
mixing Ti 3 C 2 Mixing the base material with liquid nitrogen to make the liquid nitrogen intercalated into Ti 3 C 2 Continuously evaporating, quickly adding hot water before the liquid nitrogen is evaporated, and continuously stirring to obtain a water suspension; filtering the aqueous suspension, and freeze-drying to obtain Ti 3 C 2 And (4) quantum dots.
2. The Ti having the function of selectively killing cancer cells according to claim 1 3 C 2 The quantum dot is characterized in that the Ti 3 C 2 The size range of the quantum dots is 2nm-15 nm.
3. The Ti having a function of selectively killing cancer cells according to claim 1 3 C 2 The preparation method of the quantum dot comprises the following steps:
mixing Ti 3 C 2 Mixing the base material with liquid nitrogen to make the liquid nitrogen intercalated into Ti 3 C 2 Continuously evaporating, quickly adding hot water before the liquid nitrogen is evaporated, and continuously stirring to obtain a water suspension; filtering the aqueous suspension, and freeze-drying to obtain Ti 3 C 2 And (4) quantum dots.
4. The Ti having the function of selectively killing cancer cells according to claim 3 3 C 2 The preparation method of the quantum dot is characterized in that Ti 3 C 2 The molar ratio of the base material, the liquid nitrogen and the hot water is (10-20): (40-50): (40-50).
5. The Ti having the function of selectively killing cancer cells according to claim 3 3 C 2 The preparation method of the quantum dots is characterized in that the temperature of hot water is 90-100 ℃.
6. The Ti having the function of selectively killing cancer cells according to claim 3 3 C 2 The preparation method of the quantum dots is characterized in that the stirring speed is 400-600r/min, and the stirring time is 15-30 h.
7. The Ti having the function of selectively killing cancer cells according to claim 3 3 C 2 The preparation method of the quantum dot is characterized in that the filtration adopts a filter membrane with the aperture of 220nm for filtration.
8. The Ti of claim 3 having selective cancer cell killing function 3 C 2 The preparation method of the quantum dot is characterized in that the Ti 3 C 2 The base material is a two-dimensional material Ti 3 C 2 (MXene) etching of MAX phase Ti by hydrofluoric acid 3 AlC 2 The Al layer in (1) is obtained.
9. The Ti having a function of selectively killing cancer cells according to claim 1 3 C 2 Application of quantum dots in preparing medicaments for treating cancers.
10. Claim 1The Ti with the function of selectively killing cancer cells 3 C 2 Application of quantum dots in preparation of drugs for treating cervical cancer and breast cancer.
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