CN110654079B - 无机颗粒与热塑性树脂粉末间隔铺层热熔压铸复合树脂片及其制备方法及用途 - Google Patents
无机颗粒与热塑性树脂粉末间隔铺层热熔压铸复合树脂片及其制备方法及用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种无机颗粒与热塑性树脂粉末间隔铺层热熔压铸复合树脂片及其制备方法与用途。该复合树脂片是由常用无机颗粒与热塑性树脂粉末分层排铺,经热熔、压铸和去泡后成型的分层均匀堆砌结构和梯度分布结构复合树脂片。其制备方法是单组合,若铺一层树脂粉末,再铺一层无机颗粒或此二层同层序重复1~2次后,经热熔后压铸成无机颗粒分层均匀或梯度分布的复合树脂片和多重间隔分层均匀分布的多层复合树脂片。由于该复合树脂片是由无机颗粒高密度与低密度间隔或过渡排列的复合树脂片,故结构更紧凑、防护效果更佳、柔韧性好,且成型工艺简单。可用于防恐防暴、消防、防爆炸、地震搜救及国防军事的个体防护着装材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及个体防刺割、防弹着装材料,属功能技术纺织品领域,特别是柔性、轻质、高功效防刺、割、砍着装用树脂复合片材及其制备技术。
背景技术
和平时期的防恐、防暴、消防、突变事故等救援与逃生以及战争或武装行动中,均需专门化的防护装备。这些装备的基本要求是:高功效的防护功能和轻质柔软、无行动障碍的要求;而后者变得日益重要,并变得越来越轻质柔软化。我国对枪支的管控相比而言极为严格,虽然也存在刀具的管控,但较易获取和随身携带。故在防恐制暴中的着装,尤其是具有防刺、割、砍等功能的服装是保障救护人员人身安全和行动无障碍的基本装备。由于防刺在防刺、割、砍三个作用中是最难达到,且要求最高的防护功能,故人们主要关注防刺。现有的防刺材料,主要依靠硬质的金属破坏刀刃和隔挡利器,或用硬质非金属材料阻挡和损伤刀具,或用硬质高聚物来挤压、摩擦耗散冲击能量。显然,“以硬对硬”的金属材料在重量上存在缺陷;而“以软对硬”的高聚物在刀具隔挡上亦存在不足;无机硬质材料在硬度上虽然具有优势,但易脆易裂。如何将以上两者结合起来,是人们目前很少涉及的领域。而所做的研究大多集中在织物涂层和树脂片与织物粘合的技术上。在目前的工艺技术和原材料性能下,只能通过增厚的叠层材料和加大物质的质量和选择材料硬度的方式来实现防刺的效果,这属于低级的、初始阶段。其目前所能达到的最好效果是,在24焦耳冲击力下无显见穿透(国家标准)的织物平方米重最小为6.67kg/m2,即0.3平方米背心为2kg。若允许穿透最大露出长度7mm(欧洲标准),最轻为3.33kg/m2,即0.3平方米背心为1kg。
目前对上述防刺割材料已进行了诸多研究,主要是集中在以下几种。
第一类是使用热固性树脂或热塑性材料形成防刺层以达到防刺效果。如一种非金属防弹防刺服(专利公开号:CN201577566U)使用热塑性树脂涂层的方法,并采用纤维精密排列技术使芳纶无纬布成0°/90°排列来达到防刺防弹效果;一种防弹、防刺背心(专利公开号:CN203657618U)中防护片采用树脂浸渍过的芳纶布层叠热压固化而成,具有很强的韧性和弹性;一种芳纶纤维增强树脂基防刺复合材料(专利公开号:CN102632665B)利用改性乙烯基树脂浸渍芳纶织物形成片材叠合形成,片材之间彼此独立,硬度和质量方面均有所减少;防弹且防刺的复合材料(专利公开号:CN107580550A)提供的一种柔性防刺材料主要包括三个区域构成复合防刺材料,其中包含织物和弹性体树脂或热塑性树脂的第二区作为主要防刺层;高性能非金属防刺片(专利公开号:CN105696357A)将环氧树脂和丙酮按照一定比例混合后再与聚酰胺按照一定质量比混合涂覆在芳纶机织物两面进行模压和干燥固化制成,使得防刺性能变得更加稳定,防刺性能相对较强的防刺材料;防刺复合材料及其制备方法(专利公开号:CN101936684A)采用高性能纤维形成增强体,复合在增强体上的树脂基体制成单层复合材料,开始独立的使用树脂作为复合防刺材料的一部分;多层非织造布制得防弹防刺多用复合材料及制备方法(专利公开号:US2013/0219600A1)采用树脂浸渍或者填料的非织造布通过多角度铺层制得防刺材料,非织造布的锁结达到防刺的性能;具有伸缩功能的防刺护体(专利公开号:CN107478095A)提供了一种由基布和增强复合热塑性树脂片组成的防刺结构层,数组相互成阶梯状搭接构成,且这种防刺层具有收缩功能可提高其防护性能柔软度和透气性更好;防弹防刺结构及防护服(专利公开号:CN206832131U)提供的一种防刺防弹材料包括纤维层、纤维层和树脂基体复合层,纤维层与纤维层之间成90°布置,该结构重量较轻且并不会影响到穿戴者的舒适度和灵活性;一种Z形树脂成型柔性防刺面料及其制备方法(专利公开号:CN105544228B)通过3D打印技术或者注塑技术得到Z形树脂固化物并通过热熔胶粉将其固化在成衣面料上,然后进行烘燥后制成,具有重量轻舒适、灵活等特点;一种复合热塑性防弹防刺片材(专利公开号:CN207180483U)将增强热塑性材料热熔注塑于防弹纤维集合体上,在防弹纤维集合体上打有通孔,部分增强热塑性材料热熔渗入至所述通孔中形成反面增强体,构成一体式结构,此种方案显著增强了防刺的效果,但加工比较困难并且耐用性较差。上述通过树脂浸渍或者涂覆的防刺材料要想达到标准《GA68-2008警用防刺服》的防刺要求,需要更大的质量、更厚的层数,以及材料柔性变差而导致穿着笨重且不灵活,其原因在于只存在稍硬的树脂膜,防刺效率低。若直接镀金属层,一是无法做厚,不仅增重、还易破裂;二是加工成片材,防刺主要作用仍是树脂,树脂的硬度有限,只有增加片材厚度即增材而无法减重。
第二类是在现有的芳纶机织物等基布上涂覆含有无机颗粒的高聚物,形成防刺层以达到防刺效果。一种防刺材料,用于此的涂层载体,以及由所述材料制成的服装(专利公开号:EP0972169B1)通过聚氨酯作为粘合剂将直径为0.1~3mm的无机颗粒磨粒粘附在织物表面从而达到防刺效果,防刺颗粒(专利公开号:US2004/0048536A1)通过在高性能纤维织物表面粘附一定量的固体硬质颗粒物质,涂层厚度在0.1~2mm,可以钝化刀具侵彻深度;防刺复合材料(专利公开号:US2007/0105471A1)中通过将无机颗粒涂覆于芳纶织物表面以改善材料的防刺性能;复合防刺面料及其制备方法(专利公开号:CN101125040A)采用金刚砂、碳化硅等作为增强粒子,聚氨酯、环氧树脂等作为粘结剂在基布上间隔2~20mm,排布厚度为0.1~1mm的涂层点制成复合防刺面料,质地非常柔软适用于加工各类防刺服装;柔性防刺材料、防刺体的粘结成型方法(专利公开号:CN103791778B)将注塑工艺生产的热塑性粒子或复合增强材料粒子填充在厚度为3~30mm、模孔深度在0.3~2mm、距离相距1~20mm,模孔空隙在0.2~2mm的模具中,再均匀的涂覆粘结剂或者热熔胶粉末固化粘接在基布上,制得柔性防刺材料;一种无机粉末涂层防刺布/一种复合防弹防刺材料(专利公开号:CN206430639U/CN206648524U)使用PU胶等将碳化硅等无机粉末涂层在芳纶机织布上形成一种无机粉尘涂层防刺布,单层面密度可达150~500g/m2,层数不超过10层,重量基本为现有防刺材料中的最低水平,并将此无机涂层防刺布或超薄防刺钢片作为防刺层,高性能纤维编织布作为防弹层制成防弹防刺复合材料。一种防刺防割柔性材料的制备方法(专利公开号:CN108058469A)更进一步的在织物、膜材料、橡胶材料或皮革表面涂覆胶黏剂,然后粘贴环氧树脂等有机高分子或金刚石、碳化硅等无机颗粒得到复合材料,然后经过热压得到防刺割柔性材料,该发明工艺简单成本低、重量轻等特点;一种柔性防砍防刺护体(专利公开号:CN207180485U)将设置在基布上的增强热塑性防刺片材用柔性间隙分成数个间开的任一形状组合成粒子图案,并带有凸起制得,这种方案中粒子和凸起可以较好的提高的防刺效果,但是极易磨损失效。上述将无机颗粒涂层的或者纯树脂片粘贴在基布表面的防刺材料,虽然改善了柔软性,但防刺割功效并未增加、甚至会有所下降。而且,前者会在使用过程中,因不断摩擦而使表面粒子脱落,造成防刺割性能的下降,而带来很大的安全隐患;同时,因织物太薄,无机颗粒层易解体和破洞而失效,以及刀具刺入后无机颗粒对的挤压作用基本丧失,摩擦切割作用几乎消失。
第三类防刺材料是采用传统的机织布、针织布或者非织造布通过包裹、夹带、叠加硬质或柔性剪切增稠体或者增加加筋结构使其具有防刺性能。如一种硬质防刺服(专利公开号:CN207084185U)公布的一种硬质防护服,其中内层由高抗冲聚苯乙烯板、高抗冲聚丙烯板和泡沫塑料层搭配,可拆卸式金属片,外层加铜、铝条作为加强筋的缓冲层作为主要防刺层;一种柔性防刺面料及其制备方法(专利公开号:CN107650458A)中引入缓冲凸起重复相连呈波浪形和碳纤维增强材料防刺块精心铺层后,裁剪、包边、稀疏绗缝,即得柔性防刺面料;一种柔性防刺针织物面料及其制备工艺(专利公开号:CN107587247A)公开了一种特殊针织工艺制得的防刺材料,由六个横列的线圈构成包括浮线和成圈组织,并重复循环制得防刺面料;一种柔软耐久型防刺材料的制备方法(专利公开号:CN107815870A)引入剪切增稠体与织物充分混合复合,提高了防刺材料的耐久性和柔韧性;一种柔性防刺材料及其制备方法(专利公开号:CN107385676A)公布的一种防刺材料由舒适层1、核心防刺层和舒适层;2、按照顺序层叠后经过水刺后固结形成防刺复合材料。上述几种类型的防刺材料的突出不足是加工工艺过于复杂,且人工成本较大,不易批量生产,而且加筋材料为纤维时,它的柔软性有所改善,但防刺功能有限和易于破坏且重量增加;加筋材料为金属网格时,柔性急剧下降,且防刺效率与格栅粗网及其网格空有关,是一种质量、硬度与柔性呈反比的结构。
第四类防刺材料是采用硬质或软质材料制得的防刺材料。一种柔性防刺织物(专利公开号:CN107212485A)采用树脂片、纤维增强树脂片或金属合金片作为防护模块,并通过无间隙配合,从而达到防刺效果,很大的改善了防刺材料的柔软性,但主要靠金属片防刺,故重量偏重。如依据各种仿生学原理制得防刺材料,一种基于空心微蛋壳的鳞甲拼接式防刺服(专利公开号:CN108095222A)借鉴动物鳞甲分层重叠的排列方式,按照上下分层的排列布局,将所有由塑性材料制得的防刺基板水平排列而成,且防刺体上有多个中空半椭球壳体呈并列交错设置,可以减轻防刺材料重量,但防刺效果受到重叠不均的影响;鳞甲式防刺芯片及用其制成的防刺装备(专利公开号:CN105403106A)基于仿生学原理借鉴鳄鱼的鳞甲设计防刺芯片结构,包含“金字塔”和截面为扇形的柱状构件,能很好的分散刀具等锐器的穿刺,切割作用但易造成集聚刺穿;纳米管集料在碳纳米管抗冲击材料中应用及制备方法(专利公开号:WO2017128944(A1))利用碳纳米管的中空结构来吸收大量的冲击能量,碳纳米管宏观有序,微观无序状态,力求达到最优的防刺防爆效果,但尺度太小,材料刚度不足,防刺性能增加微小而成本增加;一种基于碳纤维板拼接块的防刺服(专利公开号:CN106858769A)采用多个碳纤维板并CNC加工而成的防刺片,并夹有金属薄片,经机器缝合封口制得防刺材料,防刺性能优良但太重太硬,适于马赛克式或非连续片体。
综上,现有的一些硬质或者软质防刺材料,仍普遍存在笨重、刚硬和单一阻尼的低功效的缺陷。
发明内容
目前在防刺研究中,技术层面中的单一化(隔挡机制或摩擦握持机制)而进行超硬微颗粒的反向切割机理的实现,即选择微颗粒的单晶多棱角形态和颗粒尺寸,来完成高概率碰撞,刮擦作用所实现的反向切割钝化的高效阻挡。本发明实现上述问题解决的途径是强化复合树脂片的碰撞隔挡与钝化锐器的作用机制,即采用无机颗粒体在复合树脂片的表层形成高概率碰撞和隔挡机制的排列结构。因此,实现此作用机制须令无机颗粒单晶体的表平面与树脂表面平整化和得到表面的高排列密度结构。另外在此基础上,针对前述市场上存在的防刺材料重量大、柔软性差等问题。本发明的目的是提供了一种不仅防刺性能优异并且质量轻、厚度薄的一种无机颗粒与树脂粉末间隔铺层热熔压铸复合树脂片及其制备及用途。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种无机颗粒与热塑性树脂粉末间隔铺层热熔压铸复合树脂片,其特征在于,是无机颗粒与热塑性树脂粉末的分层排铺加热熔融后压铸使无机颗粒呈分层均匀密堆结构或分层梯度堆砌结构的和多重分层均匀密堆结构的多层组合的复合树脂片;无机颗粒在复合树脂片中的总填充质量分数在10%~40%;
所述的分层均匀密堆结构的分层是指无机颗粒压入热塑性树脂的形成的均匀密堆层与纯树脂层的二分层;
所述的分层梯度堆砌结构的分层是指无机颗粒有均匀密堆层、梯度分布层和纯树脂层的由上至下依序的三分层,而梯度分布层是指由上至下无机颗粒的堆砌密度逐渐减小至零的堆砌结构;
所述的均匀密堆层中无机颗粒的填充质量分数为45%~60%,所述的梯度分布层的填充质量分数在20%~35%;所述的纯树脂层是指无机颗粒填充质量分数不大于1%;
所述均匀密堆层的上表面为刺入表面,均匀密堆层的上表面的无机颗粒的表平面与复合树脂片的表面一致,形成高概率碰撞和隔挡机制的排列结构。
优选地,所述的无机颗粒为碳化硅颗粒、碳化硼颗粒、人造金刚石颗粒、氮化硼颗粒中的一种或多种混合;所述的无机颗粒的平均粒径为1~300μm,即目数为50~15000目。
优选地,所述的无机颗粒为多角体、立方体或六方体外形,此取决于颗粒体单晶体的形态。
优选地,所述热塑性树脂为聚酯树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、聚乙烯树脂或聚酰胺树脂中的一种。
优选地,所述的复合树脂片,还包括2次或3次对层铺层,所制得的复合树脂片的厚度为0.5~2mm;所述的对层是指无机颗粒铺层和热塑性树脂粉末铺层。
上述无机颗粒与树脂粉末间隔铺层热熔压铸复合树脂片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将热塑性树脂粉末按设定的填充质量分数铺层于聚四氟乙烯模板槽盒下层;再并在上面按设定的无机颗粒的填充质量分数均匀铺散在所述树脂粉末之上,两者均形成均匀厚度的铺层,即单组合铺层;或重复单组合铺层1~2次,形成2~3组合铺层;
(2)升温到高温熔融树脂粉末;并通过加压板加压,所述的树脂粉末的高温是比树脂粉末的熔融温度要高5~20℃的温度;
(3)当热塑性树脂粉末软化熔融时,定压下的压板将自动将铺于上层的无机颗粒压入熔融的树脂中;
(4)当压板与熔融树脂接触,即铺于上层的无机颗粒将浸没与熔融树脂中时,(a)聚四氟乙烯模板盒和压板的温度回降至要比所述树脂粉末的高温低0~5℃,保持压板压力与温度,静置1~3min,抽真空除气泡和无机颗粒松动调整,清除内应力,压板加压,同步逐渐降温固化,得到形成分层均匀密堆结构的复合树脂片;
或(b)聚四氟乙烯模板盒中的高温再升高0~5℃,而压板的温度回降到热塑性树脂粉末熔点温度再加-5℃~+5℃,保持压板压力与温度,静置3~30min,抽真空除气泡和无机颗粒沉降,形成梯度分布结构;压板加压,同步逐渐降温固化,形成分层梯度堆砌结构的复合树脂片;当铺层为2~3组合铺层时,形成多层组合的复合树脂片。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中的模板槽盒是用聚四氟乙烯制成的六角形、正方形、矩形或圆形的扁平模板槽盒。
上述复合树脂片在防恐防暴、消防、防爆炸、地震搜救及国防军事的个体防护着装材料中的应用。
本发明里有关温度的下降、保持或提升的目的是为了(1)增加表面的堆砌密度;(2)增加密堆层的密度,以及分层清晰;(3)实现沉降,但又保持(1);(4)强化碰撞阻隔作用。
步骤(4)的压板再提高压力加压的目的是使表层的无机颗粒的表平面能够与树脂片的表面一致,而达到最大的碰撞面积和有效碰撞力,同时加大表层的堆砌密度,提高碰撞概率,故此加工所成的复合树脂片为碰撞隔挡机理。因此,上表面为刺入表面,即正面。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)分层结构成形比混合均匀结构的成形加工更省能(10%~20%)和更快速(30%~40%);梯度分布结构成形略比混合均匀结构耗能略高或持平,但加工速度快(10%~20%);
(2)多层(2~3层)复合树脂片厚度不变,各层厚度变薄,一片的连续多次碰撞隔档成倍增加且能耗略减或不变,时间稍微减少,故加工效率提升;
(3)无尺度要求,因为分层排铺,操作简单;
(4)碰撞隔挡机理为主,故上表面为正面,而对刺入刀具保持隔挡;
(5)因为分层排铺,无需尺度相同,尤其无机颗粒偏大时,更无任何影响,故加工变得简单易操作。
附图说明
图1是无机颗粒与树脂粉末间隔铺层热熔压铸成型示意图;其中,1-无机颗粒;2-热塑性树脂;
图2是本发明铺层热熔压铸复合树脂片示意图:(a)分层均匀密堆结构;(b)分层梯度堆砌结构;其中,1-无机颗粒;2-热塑性树脂,3-均匀密堆层,4-纯树脂层,5-梯度分布层;
图3是本发明铺层热熔压铸多对层复合树脂片示意图:(a)3对层分层均匀密堆结构;(b)2对层分层梯度堆砌结构;其中:1-无机颗粒;2-热塑性树脂,2a-热塑性树脂粉末;3-均匀密堆层;4-纯树脂层;5-梯度分布层。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1-4中的原材料及设备为国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0802802)的资助。
如图1~3所示,本发明提供了无机颗粒与树脂粉末间隔铺层热熔压铸复合树脂片的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将热塑性树脂粉末按设定的填充质量分数铺层于聚四氟乙烯模板槽盒下层;再并在上面按设定的无机颗粒的填充质量分数均匀铺散在所述树脂粉末之上,两者均形成均匀厚度的铺层,即单组合铺层;或重复单组合铺层1~2次,形成2~3组合铺层;
(2)升温到高温熔融树脂粉末;并通过加压板加压,所述的树脂粉末的高温是比树脂粉末的熔融温度要高5~20℃的温度;
(3)当热塑性树脂粉末软化熔融时,定压下的压板将自动将铺于上层的无机颗粒压入熔融的树脂中;
(4)当压板与熔融树脂接触,即铺于上层的无机颗粒将浸没与熔融树脂中时,(a)聚四氟乙烯模板盒和压板的温度回降至要比所述树脂粉末的高温低0~5℃,保持压板压力与温度,静置1~3min,抽真空除气泡和无机颗粒松动调整,清除内应力,压板加压,同步逐渐降温固化,得到形成分层均匀密堆结构的复合树脂片;
或(b)聚四氟乙烯模板盒中的高温再升高0~5℃,而压板的温度回降到热塑性树脂粉末熔点温度再加-5℃~+5℃,保持压板压力与温度,静置3~30min,抽真空除气泡和无机颗粒沉降,形成梯度分布结构;压板加压,同步逐渐降温固化,形成分层梯度堆砌结构的复合树脂片;当铺层为2~3组合铺层时,形成多层组合的复合树脂片。
制得的防刺树脂片的总面密度、厚度等详细表中所列,依据我国公安部GA68-2008《警用防刺服》标准检测,达到防护要求,目前现有的非金属防刺材料达到该标准所要求的总面密度均成倍高于3.33kg/m2,故实验允许不大于6mm的穿透长度,并刺穿概率记为0。由此,记录其有效防刺的总能量和不被刺穿的织物减重率δ。
实施例1
采用平均粒径300μm的碳化硼颗粒与聚酯树脂,所得到的堆砌填充质量分数为46.3%;所得的在多层织物上铺贴热塑性树脂片而成的复合织物,其整体平方米克重为2.73kg/m2,具体工艺参数详见表中所列。该多层复合织物的刺穿概率为零。若折算成目前3.33kg/m2的织物,其正面耐刺割能量为26.8J,反面耐刺割能量为22.9J,刺穿能量差异率为14.6%;相对于目前常规平方米克重(3.33kg/m2)来说,可以减重约18.0%,对层数是1层的梯度分布,而且由于是将无机颗粒挤压浸入熔融状的树脂粉末液体,提高了表面的排列密度,可以使碰撞隔挡增加,使得防刺性能得到改善并可做到轻质化和柔软化。
实施例2
采用平均粒径150μm的碳化硼颗粒和碳化硅颗粒与碳酸酯树脂,所得到的堆砌填充质量分数为51.2%;所得的在多层织物上铺贴热塑性树脂片而成的复合织物,其整体平方米克重为3.05kg/m2,具体工艺参数详见表中所列。该多层复合织物的刺穿概率为零。若折算成目前3.33kg/m2的织物,其正面耐刺割能量为27.7J,反面耐刺割能量为19.2J,刺穿能量差异率为30.7%;相对于目前常规平方米克重(3.33kg/m2)来说,可以减重约8.4%,对层数是3层密堆结构,此种结构使得刀具在刺入时正面的隔挡功效增加,而反面是树脂层的进入,不利于碰撞隔挡,因此导致正反面耐刺割能量差异率增加。
实施例3
采用平均粒径75μm的人造金刚石颗粒与聚丙烯树脂,所得到的堆砌填充质量分数为54.2%;所得的在多层织物上铺贴热塑性树脂片而成的复合织物,其整体平方米克重为2.87kg/m2,具体工艺参数详见表中所列。该多层复合织物的刺穿概率为零。若折算成目前3.33kg/m2的织物,其正面耐刺割能量为26.5J,反面耐刺割能量为21.2J,刺穿能量差异率为20.4%;相对于目前常规平方米克重(3.33kg/m2)来说,可以减重约13.8%,对层数是2层的梯度结构,而且由于是将无机颗粒挤压浸入熔融状的树脂粉末液体,提高了表面的排列密度,可以使碰撞隔挡增加,使得防刺性能得到改善并可做到轻质化和柔软化。
实施例4
采用平均粒径30μm的碳化硼颗粒与聚乙烯树脂,所得到的堆砌填充质量分数为55.0%;所得的在多层织物上铺贴热塑性树脂片而成的复合织物,其整体平方米克重为2.70kg/m2,具体工艺参数详见表中所列。该多层复合织物的刺穿概率为零。若折算成目前3.33kg/m2的织物,其正面耐刺割能量为26.7J,反面耐刺割能量为20.1J,刺穿能量差异率为23.6%;相对于目前常规平方米克重(3.33kg/m2)来说,可以减重约18.9%,对层数是1层的密堆结构,由于颗粒的粒径减少,在将无机颗粒挤压浸入熔融状的树脂粉末液体时,提高了浸润和粘结,增加了表面排列密度和有效的碰撞隔挡,使得防刺性能得到改善并可做到轻质化和柔软化。
表1.热塑性树脂片的工艺配方与条件和实施结果
注:其中所述的减重率δ为现有水平平方米克重Gs与实测织物平方米克重G0的差值与现有水平平方米克重Gs的比值
δ=(GS-G0)/GS*100% (1)
其中所述的刺穿概率p为10次试验中的刺穿的次数n的百分率
p=n/10*100% (2)
所述的刺穿能量,是指防刺复合织物最小刺穿的能量E0。
Claims (6)
1.一种无机颗粒与热塑性树脂粉末铺层热熔压铸复合树脂片,其特征在于,是无机颗粒与热塑性树脂粉末的分层排铺加热熔融后压铸使无机颗粒呈分层均匀密堆结构或分层梯度堆砌结构或多重分层均匀密堆结构的多层组合或多重分层梯度堆砌结构的多层组合的复合树脂片;无机颗粒在复合树脂片中的总填充质量分数在10%~40%;
所述的分层均匀密堆结构的分层是指无机颗粒压入热塑性树脂的形成的均匀密堆层与纯树脂层的二分层;
所述的分层梯度堆砌结构的分层是指无机颗粒有均匀密堆层、梯度分布层和纯树脂层的由上至下依序的三分层,而梯度分布层是指由上至下无机颗粒的堆砌密度逐渐减小至零的堆砌结构;
所述的均匀密堆层中无机颗粒的填充质量分数为45%~60%,所述的梯度分布层的填充质量分数在20%~35%;所述的纯树脂层是指无机颗粒填充质量分数不大于1%;
所述均匀密堆层的上表面为刺入表面,均匀密堆层的上表面的无机颗粒的表平面与复合树脂片的表面一致,形成高概率碰撞和隔挡机制的排列结构;
所述的无机颗粒与树脂粉末铺层热熔压铸复合树脂片的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将热塑性树脂粉末按设定的填充质量分数铺层于聚四氟乙烯模板盒下层;再并在上面按设定的无机颗粒的填充质量分数均匀铺散在所述树脂粉末之上,两者均形成均匀厚度的铺层,即单组合铺层;或重复单组合铺层1~2次,形成2~3组合铺层;
(2)升温到高温熔融树脂粉末;并通过加压板加压,所述的树脂粉末的高温是比树脂粉末的熔融温度要高5~20℃的温度;
(3)当热塑性树脂粉末软化熔融时,定压下的压板将自动将铺于上层的无机颗粒压入熔融的树脂中;
(4)当压板与熔融树脂接触,即铺于上层的无机颗粒将浸没于熔融树脂中时,(a)聚四氟乙烯模板盒和压板的温度回降至要比所述树脂粉末的高温低0~5℃,保持压板压力与温度,静置1~3min,抽真空除气泡和无机颗粒松动调整,清除内应力,压板加压,同步逐渐降温固化,得到形成分层均匀密堆结构的复合树脂片;
或(b)聚四氟乙烯模板盒中的高温再升高0~5℃,而压板的温度回降到热塑性树脂粉末熔点温度的-5℃~+5℃,保持压板压力与温度,静置3~30min,抽真空除气泡和无机颗粒沉降,形成梯度分布结构;压板加压,同步逐渐降温固化,形成分层梯度堆砌结构的复合树脂片;当铺层为2~3组合铺层时,形成多层组合的复合树脂片。
2.如权利要求1所述的无机颗粒与热塑性树脂粉末铺层热熔压铸复合树脂片,其特征在于,所述的无机颗粒为碳化硅颗粒、碳化硼颗粒、人造金刚石颗粒、氮化硼颗粒中的一种或多种混合;所述的无机颗粒的平均粒径为1~300μm。
3.如权利要求1所述的无机颗粒与热塑性树脂粉末铺层热熔压铸复合树脂片,其特征在于,所述的无机颗粒为多角体或六方体外形。
4.如权利要求1所述的无机颗粒与热塑性树脂粉末铺层热熔压铸复合树脂片,其特征在于,所述热塑性树脂为聚酯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、聚乙烯树脂或聚酰胺树脂中的一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的无机颗粒与热塑性树脂粉末铺层热熔压铸复合树脂片,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中的聚四氟乙烯模板盒是用聚四氟乙烯制成的六角形、矩形或圆形的扁平模板盒。
6.权利要求1~4任一项所述的无机颗粒与热塑性树脂粉末铺层热熔压铸复合树脂片在防恐防暴、消防、防爆炸、地震搜救及国防军事的个体防护着装材料中的应用。
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