CN110653236A - Wet anaerobic treatment process for perishable organic matters in household garbage - Google Patents
Wet anaerobic treatment process for perishable organic matters in household garbage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wet anaerobic treatment process for perishable organic matters in household garbage, which comprises the following steps of grinding and crushing a mixed material rich in perishable organic matters obtained by pretreatment, carrying out wet sorting, carrying out wet anaerobic treatment and biogas slurry backflow, separating perishable organic matters from non-perishable organic matters and inorganic matters by using backflow biogas slurry as an extraction medium, feeding perishable organic matters into an anaerobic digestion system in the form of slurry for fermentation to produce biogas, drying the non-perishable organic matters to prepare RDF (refuse derived Fuel), carrying out magnetic separation on the inorganic matters to serve as raw materials of inorganic building materials or landfill, carrying out solid-liquid separation on digestion liquid produced by anaerobic treatment to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry, refluxing one part of the biogas slurry, and carrying out standard discharge after treating the other part of the biogas slurry; drying the biogas residue to prepare the fertilizer. The invention has the advantages of high degree of mechanization of the whole process, less biogas slurry treatment and discharge, good economic benefit, high degree of resource utilization and little environmental pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of household garbage resource utilization and treatment, in particular to a wet anaerobic treatment process for perishable organic matters in household garbage.
Background
At present, the treatment technology of the perishable organic matters of the household garbage mainly adopts sanitary landfill and incineration, and comprehensive recycling is the development direction of the whole solid waste treatment technology. In the comprehensive recycling process technology, difficultly-rotten organic matters (plastics, rubber, fabrics, paper, bamboo and wood and the like) are usually sorted out through pretreatment and used as RDF (resource description framework) to carry out energy utilization or energy conversion, and the rest materials rich in the organic matters cannot be better recycled. If the nutrient soil is used for composting according to the traditional concept, the nutrient soil can only be used for planting flowers, grass and landscaping as nutrient soil due to the great instability of garbage components, so that the digestion of output substances is greatly limited, and the long-term and stable operation of a comprehensive household garbage recycling project is seriously influenced.
The land occupation area of the sanitary landfill is large, the resource utilization rate is extremely low, the degradation period of the organic matters is very long, and the method is not an ultimate treatment technology of the domestic garbage. And leachate and landfill gas are generated in the degradation process of the household garbage after landfill, and the generated uneven settlement can cause secondary damage to a landfill site. Chinese patent CN201610512005.1 discloses a landfill method, which moderately removes easily degradable organic matters in the garbage and accelerates the degradation of the garbage by carrying out aerobic pretreatment on a part of the garbage; and alternately burying the garbage which is not subjected to aerobic pretreatment and the garbage which is subjected to aerobic pretreatment in a landfill site. Although the garbage after aerobic pretreatment is used as a base layer and/or a buffer layer of anaerobic landfill, a good buffer place is provided for the degradation of organic matters in the primary garbage, so that acid accumulation is avoided, the pollutant concentration of leachate is reduced to a certain extent, and malodorous pollutants released on the surface of the landfill are removed and controlled. It does not fundamentally solve the technical problems of leachate and landfill gas.
The incineration has the advantages of large capacity reduction and high energy recovery rate. However, the investment of waste incineration is large, the operation cost is high, and the discharge amount of secondary pollutants such as dioxin is large. Chinese patent CN201410343351.2 discloses a waste incineration treatment process, which inhibits the re-synthesis of dioxin to a certain extent, and simultaneously, the slag can be reused and the fly ash can be solidified and buried. However, fly ash is a hazardous waste, and the cost for harmless treatment is high. The tailings belong to common solid wastes and still need to be buried or subjected to secondary treatment. And the technical problem of high system processing and operating cost is not solved.
In view of the defects of the existing treatment technology for the perishable organic matters in the household garbage, the invention is expected to create a novel household garbage perishable organic matter maximum resource utilization process, more thoroughly realize the harmless and effective separation of inorganic matters, ensure that no secondary pollution is generated no matter the inorganic matters are utilized or buried, reduce the treatment discharge amount of biogas slurry to the maximum extent, reduce the comprehensive resource operation cost of the household garbage, reduce the perishable organic matter residues to the maximum extent, eliminate the percolate of the household garbage and well control the odor and odor emission in the perishable organic matter treatment process, purify the production environment and improve the perishable organic matter resource degree to the maximum extent.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a wet anaerobic treatment process for perishable organic matters in household garbage, which produces biogas and biogas manure by anaerobic fermentation of the perishable organic matters in the household garbage, and realizes resource utilization.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a wet anaerobic treatment process for perishable organic matters in household garbage, which comprises the following steps:
(1) grinding and crushing: delivering the undersize materials which are rich in perishable organic components and obtained by pretreating household garbage to a grinding crusher for grinding and crushing, crushing the perishable organic components in the undersize materials into mixed slurry, and discharging the mixed slurry from a discharge hole of the grinding crusher; it should be noted that plastics, rubber, etc. are not broken;
(2) wet separation: conveying the mixed slurry obtained in the step (1) to wet separation equipment, wherein the mixed slurry is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is made of light substances such as plastics and fabrics, the middle layer is made of biomass slurry, and the lower layer is made of inorganic heavy substances such as metals, silt, glass, broken stones and the like;
(3) anaerobic digestion: conveying the biomass slurry obtained in the step (2) to an anaerobic digestion system for anaerobic fermentation to obtain a digestion solution and biogas, conveying the digestion solution to a temporary storage pool, and outputting the biogas through a gas pipeline;
(4) solid-liquid separation: adding a flocculating agent into the digestive juice in the temporary storage pool in the step (3), and separating into biogas residues and biogas slurry through a solid-liquid separator;
(5) biogas slurry reflux: and (4) taking the biogas slurry part generated in the step (4) as a biomass slurry extraction medium, and refluxing to wet separation equipment.
Preferably, the sorting of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer in the step (2) adopts gravity sorting, the concentration of the slurry is controlled to ensure that plastics, fabrics and the like float on the upper layer of the liquid surface, silt, crushed glass, crushed stone and the like settle on the lower layer, and the slurry containing perishable organic matters such as vegetable residue, fruit residue and the like is positioned on the middle layer.
Preferably, the anaerobic digestion in the step (3) adopts medium-temperature fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 33-37 ℃, the concentration of the slurry feeding TS is 8% -12%, and the anaerobic fermentation hydraulic retention time is more than 20 days.
Preferably, before the biomass slurry generated in the step (2) enters the anaerobic digestion system, the biomass slurry overflows through a discharge pipe of the wet separation equipment and enters a slurry mixing preheating tank for slurry concentration adjustment, slurry caching and preheating.
Preferably, the upper layer light matter in the step (2) is output from the top of the wet separation equipment, dehydrated and dried to be made into RDF; and (3) depositing the lower inorganic heavy substance at the bottom, separating magnetic metal by a magnetic separator, and recovering the magnetic metal, wherein the rest part is used as a production raw material of the non-polar building material or is buried.
Preferably, the biogas in the step (3) is output, biologically desulfurized, dehydrated and purified, and then stored in a low-pressure gas storage cabinet.
Preferably, the biogas residues in the step (4) are stacked, dehydrated or dried and then used for preparing fertilizer or performing harmless treatment; refluxing a part of biogas slurry for use in the grinding and crushing process and the slurry concentration adjusting process; and the redundant part is discharged after being treated by the sewage treatment system and reaching the standard.
Preferably, the formed backflow biogas slurry separated in the step (4) after anaerobic digestion is added in the grinding and crushing process in the step (1).
The invention provides a set of resource utilization treatment process for a part of household garbage rich in perishable organic matters, a main process of grinding and crushing, wet sorting, wet anaerobic treatment and biogas slurry backflow is adopted, the mixed material rich in perishable organic matters (undersize materials obtained by pretreating the household garbage) is ground and crushed, the backflow biogas slurry is used as an extraction medium, the perishable organic matters are separated from difficultly rotten organic matters and inorganic matters, the perishable organic matters enter an anaerobic digestion system in the form of slurry to be fermented to produce biogas, the difficultly rotten organic matters are dried to prepare RDF, the inorganic matters are buried after being magnetically separated, digestion liquid generated by anaerobic treatment is subjected to solid-liquid separation to become biogas residue and biogas slurry, one part of the biogas slurry flows back, and the other part of the biogas slurry is treated to reach the standard and is discharged; drying the biogas residue to prepare the fertilizer. The invention has the advantages of high degree of mechanization of the whole process, less biogas slurry treatment and discharge, good economic benefit of biogas and biogas manure, high degree of resource utilization and little environmental pollution.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flow chart of a wet anaerobic treatment process for perishable organic matters in household garbage according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a wet anaerobic treatment process for perishable organic matters in domestic garbage according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
(1) grinding and crushing: delivering the undersize obtained by pretreating the household garbage to a grinding crusher for grinding and crushing, crushing perishable organic matters and part of hard and brittle materials in the materials, adding part of recycled anaerobic biogas slurry in the crushing process, preparing the crushed materials into mixed slurry, and discharging the mixed slurry from a discharge port of the grinding crusher. The main components of the undersize product are organic matters such as meal, vegetable, fruit peels, fruit stones, leaves, plastics and rubber, and inorganic matters such as metal, silt, glass and broken stone, and the light and tough materials such as plastics, fabrics and rubber and the metal materials are not crushed in the crushing process. And vegetable residue, fruit residue, leaves, grass and other low-strength perishable organic matters, glass, ceramic and other brittle materials are crushed into powder, and paper, branches and other biomass are properly crushed to keep the original shape at best. The crushing process is wet crushing, and the recycled biogas slurry is added to adjust the shape of the crushed material, so that dust is not raised in the crushing process, the energy consumption is low, and the crushed material is easy to discharge.
(2) Wet separation: and (2) conveying the mixed slurry obtained in the step (1) to wet separation equipment, wherein the mixed slurry is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is made of light substances such as plastics and fabrics, the middle layer is made of biomass slurry, and the lower layer is made of inorganic heavy substances such as metals, silt, glass, broken stones and the like.
Furthermore, the separation of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of substances in the step (2) adopts gravity separation, the concentration of the slurry is controlled to ensure that plastics, fabrics and the like float on the upper layer of the liquid surface, silt, crushed glass, crushed stone and the like settle on the lower layer, and the slurry containing perishable organic matters such as vegetable residues, fruit residues and the like is positioned on the middle layer; and (3) outputting the upper layer light substances from the top of the wet separation equipment, dehydrating and drying to prepare RDF, depositing the lower layer inorganic heavy substances at the bottom, separating magnetic metals by a magnetic separator and recovering, and using the rest part as a production raw material of the non-polar building materials or landfill.
(3) Anaerobic digestion: and (3) conveying the biomass slurry 24 obtained in the step (2) to an anaerobic digestion system 3 for anaerobic fermentation to obtain a digestion solution and biogas, conveying the digestion solution to a temporary storage tank, and outputting the biogas through a gas pipeline.
Preferably, in the step (3), the anaerobic digestion adopts medium-temperature fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 33-37 ℃, the concentration of TS (total solid concentration) in slurry feeding is 8-12%, and the hydraulic retention time of the anaerobic fermentation is more than 20 days; and (4) outputting the biogas in the step (3), performing biological desulfurization, dehydration and purification, and storing the biogas in a low-pressure gas storage cabinet.
(4) Solid-liquid separation: and (4) adding a flocculating agent into the digestion liquid in the temporary storage pool in the step (3), and separating into biogas residues and biogas liquid through a solid-liquid separator. The biogas residues are stacked, dehydrated or dried and then used for preparing fertilizer or performing harmless treatment. The flocculant is preferably PAM. After the treatment, the solid content of the biogas residues is more than 25 percent, and the solid content of the biogas slurry is less than 0.5 percent.
(5) Biogas slurry reflux: and (4) taking the biogas slurry part generated in the step (4) as a biomass slurry extraction medium, and refluxing to wet separation equipment. Namely, part of biogas slurry is taken as reflux biogas slurry and refluxed to wet separation equipment for wet separation. The returned biogas slurry can also flow to a grinding crusher for grinding and crushing; and the redundant part is discharged after being treated by the sewage treatment system and reaching the standard.
The slurry mixing and preheating are further included between the step (2) and the step (3), and specifically, the biomass slurry generated in the step (2) overflows into a slurry mixing and preheating pool through a discharge pipe of wet separation equipment to perform slurry concentration adjustment, slurry caching and preheating.
As can be seen from the above, in the wet anaerobic treatment process for perishable organic matters in household garbage provided in the embodiment of the present invention, by adopting the main process of "grinding and crushing + wet sorting + wet anaerobic treatment + biogas slurry reflux", the undersize matters of household garbage rich in perishable organic matters are ground and crushed, and the reflux biogas slurry 23 is used as an extraction medium to separate perishable organic matters from difficultly perishable organic matters and inorganic matters. The perishable organic matters enter an anaerobic digestion system 3 in the form of slurry to be fermented to generate methane, the difficult rotten organic matters are dried to prepare RDF, and the inorganic matters are magnetically separated to be used as production raw materials of the non-polar building materials or buried. Performing solid-liquid separation on digestive juice generated by anaerobic reaction to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry, refluxing one part of the biogas slurry, and treating the other part of the biogas slurry to reach the standard and discharge; drying the biogas residue to prepare the fertilizer. Compared with the prior art, the wet anaerobic treatment process for the perishable organic matters in the household garbage, provided by the embodiment of the invention, has the following advantages:
1. the whole process has high degree of mechanization and low operation cost, and the electric energy and the heat energy can realize the conversion and utilization in the system, thereby achieving high utilization rate;
2. the fermentation condition is stable and controllable, the organic matter is degraded thoroughly, the decomposition rate can reach about 80 percent, the volume reduction effect is obvious, the biogas slurry production amount is small, and no odor is discharged in a closed manner in the whole process;
3. the products of the biogas and the biogas manure have wide market and high economic value;
4. can realize the high-efficiency extraction of organic matters, so that the gas yield is higher than that of the common anaerobic treatment process.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. A wet anaerobic treatment process for perishable organic matters in household garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) grinding and crushing: delivering the undersize material which is rich in perishable organic components and is obtained by pretreating household garbage into a grinding crusher for grinding and crushing, crushing perishable organic matters and part of hard and brittle materials in the materials, adding part of recycled anaerobic biogas slurry in the crushing process, preparing the crushed materials into mixed slurry, and discharging the mixed slurry from a discharge hole of the grinding crusher;
(2) wet separation: conveying the mixed slurry obtained in the step (1) to wet separation equipment, wherein the mixed slurry is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is made of light substances such as plastics and fabrics, the middle layer is made of biomass slurry, and the lower layer is made of inorganic heavy substances such as metals, silt, glass, broken stones and the like;
(3) anaerobic digestion: conveying the biomass slurry obtained in the step (2) to an anaerobic digestion system for anaerobic fermentation to obtain a digestion solution and biogas, conveying the digestion solution to a temporary storage pool, and outputting the biogas through a gas pipeline;
(4) solid-liquid separation: adding a flocculating agent into the digestive juice in the temporary storage pool in the step (3), and separating into biogas residues and biogas slurry through a solid-liquid separator;
(5) biogas slurry reflux: and (4) taking the biogas slurry part generated in the step (4) as a biomass slurry extraction medium, and refluxing to wet separation equipment.
2. The wet anaerobic treatment process for perishable organic matters in household garbage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the separation of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the materials in step (2) adopts gravity separation, the concentration of the slurry is controlled to ensure that plastics, fabrics and the like float on the upper layer of the liquid surface, silt, crushed glass, crushed stone and the like settle on the lower layer, and the slurry containing perishable organic matters such as vegetable residues, fruit residues and the like is positioned on the middle layer.
3. The wet anaerobic treatment process for the perishable organic matters in the household garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that the anaerobic digestion in the step (3) adopts mesophilic fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 33-37 ℃, the TS concentration of slurry feeding is 8% -12%, and the hydraulic retention time of the anaerobic fermentation is more than 20 days.
4. The wet anaerobic treatment process for household garbage perishable organic matters as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biomass slurry generated in the step (2) overflows into a slurry mixing preheating tank through a discharge pipe of a wet sorting device before entering the anaerobic digestion system for slurry concentration adjustment, slurry buffering and preheating.
5. The wet anaerobic treatment process for the perishable organic matters in the household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the upper layer light substances in the step (2) are output from the top of the wet sorting equipment, dehydrated and dried to prepare RDF; and (3) depositing the lower inorganic heavy substance at the bottom, separating magnetic metal by a magnetic separator, and recovering the magnetic metal, wherein the rest part is used as a production raw material of the non-polar building material or is buried.
6. The wet anaerobic treatment process for treating household garbage and perishable organic matters as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biogas output in step (3) is subjected to biological desulfurization, dehydration and purification, and then stored in a low-pressure gas storage cabinet.
7. The wet anaerobic treatment process for the perishable organic matters in the household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the biogas residues in the step (4) are stacked, dehydrated or dried and then used for fertilizer production or harmless treatment; refluxing a part of biogas slurry for use in the grinding and crushing process and the slurry concentration adjusting process; and the redundant part is discharged after being treated by the sewage treatment system and reaching the standard.
8. The wet anaerobic treatment process for household garbage perishable organic matters as claimed in claim 1, wherein biogas slurry separated in step (4) after anaerobic digestion is added in the grinding and crushing process in step (1).
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