CN110650074B - Fault point positioning and isolating method based on annular communication loop - Google Patents
Fault point positioning and isolating method based on annular communication loop Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fault point positioning and isolating method based on a ring-shaped communication loop, wherein the ring-shaped communication loop is formed by connecting a host and a plurality of communication nodes in series through a communication cable; a boundary switch is respectively arranged at the communication interface of each communication node in the annular communication loop, and the communication nodes carry out fault diagnosis by controlling the boundary switch to realize the positioning and the isolation of fault points. The invention can position the fault point and ensure that each communication node can still normally communicate under the condition that the loop has a breakpoint, can quickly position the fault point and isolate the fault point to realize communication recovery under the condition of short circuit of the loop, reduces maintenance time, improves working efficiency, reduces field loss, and further improves the reliability of a communication network and the fault resistance of a loop communication circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication network fault analysis and processing, in particular to a method for positioning and isolating a fault point of a communication loop.
Background
With the increasing dependence of industrial control on equipment information, the number of equipment adopting communication on industrial sites is continuously increased, and the number of faults of communication networks is increased. As a communication loop for bearing a communication system medium, various fault phenomena occur inevitably, once a fault has serious influence on the control of the whole industrial field, and the positioning and the isolation of a fault point are important steps for recovering the communication system. However, a method for quickly locating and isolating faults to realize system self-recovery, which is simple, practical and easy to realize in engineering, is lacked at present, and particularly for a ring-shaped communication loop, once a fault occurs, the ring-shaped communication loop is completely interrupted, so that the reliability and the safety of a communication network are difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a fault point positioning and isolating method based on a ring communication loop, which can quickly realize the positioning and isolation of a fault point under the condition of single-point fault, so that a communication system is quickly recovered, and the reliability and the safety of a communication network are further ensured.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
The fault point positioning and isolating method based on the annular communication loop is characterized in that the annular communication loop is formed by connecting a host and a plurality of communication nodes in series through communication cables; a boundary switch is respectively arranged at the communication interface of each communication node in the annular communication loop, and the communication nodes carry out fault diagnosis by controlling the boundary switch to realize the positioning and the isolation of fault points.
The fault point positioning and isolating method based on the annular communication loop specifically comprises the following steps:
A. after the annular communication loop is established, the host sends a diagnosis mode broadcast instruction to each communication node to inquire the position information of the communication node, and the position address of each communication node is obtained;
B. the host polling checks whether the annular communication loop has a fault, and when the annular communication loop has communication interruption timeout, the fault type is judged;
C. when the host judges that the annular communication loop has the open circuit fault, the host respectively sends communication interaction commands to each communication node in the annular communication loop from the left interface and the right interface, determines the open circuit fault position and the fault type according to the report returned by each communication node, and enters the step E;
D. when the host judges that the annular communication loop has a short-circuit fault, disconnecting adjacent side boundary switches from the left interface and the right interface of the host respectively, positioning and isolating a short-circuit point in a mode of summarizing and sending a report to the annular communication loop in the opposite side direction, and then entering the step E;
E. the host and each communication node respectively display the position and type information of the fault point on the interface, and the data interaction in the annular communication loop is not influenced.
The fault point positioning and isolating method based on the annular communication loop specifically comprises the following steps of:
A1. the host sends a command of disconnecting the left demarcation switch to the Xth communication node according to the communication sequence, other communication nodes are in a monitoring mode, the Xth communication node sends a disconnection response after disconnecting the left demarcation switch, and at the moment, all other communication nodes positioned on the right side of the Xth communication node in the annular communication loop receive response information and store the response information;
A2. the host sends a command of disconnecting the right demarcation switch to the Xth communication node, other communication nodes are in a monitoring mode, the Xth communication node sends a disconnection response after disconnecting the right demarcation switch, and at the moment, all other communication nodes positioned on the left side of the Xth communication node in the annular communication loop receive response information and store the response information;
A3. the host repeats the steps A1-A2 according to the communication sequence until all the communication nodes respectively disconnect the left demarcation switch and the right demarcation switch, and each communication node obtains the physical position of the communication node in the annular communication loop; and the host machine determines the position address of each communication node according to the information fed back by each communication node.
In the above method for locating and isolating a fault point based on a loop communication circuit, step D specifically includes the following steps:
starting to disconnect the right boundary switches of the communication nodes one by one from the left interface of the host, and sending a position address and a disconnection state report to the ring network through the left interface of the communication node, wherein the disconnection time interval of the right boundary switches of the adjacent communication nodes is t; until the right interface of the host computer receives the position address and the disconnection state report sent by the communication node for the first time, the short circuit occurs on the right side of the communication node;
then, successively disconnecting the left demarcation switch of each communication node from the right interface of the host, sending a position address and a disconnection state report through the right interface ring network of the communication node, wherein the disconnection time interval of the left demarcation switch of the adjacent communication node is t; until the left interface of the host computer receives the position address and the disconnection state report sent by the communication node for the first time, the short circuit occurs on the left side of the communication node; at this time, the positioning and isolation of the short circuit point are completed.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the technical progress of the invention is as follows.
According to the invention, the demarcation switch is additionally arranged at the communication interface of the communication node to diagnose the working state of the communication system, so that stable and reliable annular communication is realized, the left and right demarcation switches of the communication node can position the fault point position under the condition that a loop has a breakpoint and ensure that each communication node can still normally communicate, and the fault point can be quickly positioned and isolated to realize communication recovery under the condition of short circuit of the loop, so that the overhaul time is reduced, the working efficiency is improved, the field loss is reduced, and the reliability of a communication network and the fault resistance of an annular communication loop are further improved; the field bus is suitable for a parallel multi-communication node, such as: RS-485, CAN, Profibus; the method is suitable for single-wire bus, double-wire bus and multi-wire bus protocols with multiple communication nodes connected in parallel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ring communication network according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a host signal interface arrangement;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a communication node signal interface arrangement;
FIG. 4 is a data flow diagram when a single-point short-circuit fault occurs in the ring communication network according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a first state diagram of fault diagnosis performed when a single-point short-circuit fault occurs in the ring communication network according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a second state diagram of fault diagnosis performed when a single-point short-circuit fault occurs in the ring communication network according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a third state diagram of fault diagnosis performed when a single-point short-circuit fault occurs in the ring communication network according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a fourth state diagram of fault diagnosis performed when a single-point short-circuit fault occurs in the ring communication network according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a fifth state diagram of fault diagnosis performed when a single-point short-circuit fault occurs in the ring communication network according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
A fault point positioning and isolating method based on a ring communication loop is used for positioning and isolating faults in the ring communication loop. The loop communication circuit of the present invention is formed by connecting a host and a plurality of communication nodes in series via a communication cable, as shown in fig. 1. The communication nodes bear the collection, analysis and processing of communication data, the communication nodes are provided with communication interfaces, communication cables are connected to the communication interfaces through demarcation switches, data in the annular communication loop are transmitted between the communication nodes and the host through the communication cables, and the total number of the communication nodes in the annular communication loop is represented by Sum.
In the present invention, the host is provided with a left interface and a right interface, as shown in fig. 2. Each communication node is provided with at least two communication interfaces, and the left communication interface is provided with a left demarcation switch, as shown in fig. 3, the left demarcation switch refers to a demarcation switch for accessing the left side of the communication node into the annular communication loop network when the communication node faces the loop; the right side communication interface is provided with a right demarcation switch, and the right demarcation switch refers to a demarcation switch for accessing the right side of the communication node into the annular communication loop network when the communication node faces the loop. The communication node carries out fault diagnosis on the control of the boundary switches to realize the positioning and isolation of fault points, and each boundary switch is in a normally closed state in a normal communication state.
The communication nodes have uniquely identified protocol addresses, namely address information used when the communication nodes respond according to the communication protocol when the communication nodes carry out normal communication interaction in the annular communication loop. In this embodiment, the letter "A, B, C, D … … X" is capital english.
The fault point positioning and isolating method based on the annular communication loop specifically comprises the following steps.
A. After the annular communication loop is established, the host sends a diagnosis mode broadcast instruction to each communication node to inquire the position information of the communication node, and the position address of each communication node is obtained.
Firstly, setting a data interaction convention mode of a ring communication network in a diagnosis mode: first character-second character-third character segment; wherein the first character comprises R, C, R is report or response with protocol address as main address, C is command or action with protocol address as main address, R/LA is report or response with position address as main address, C/LA is command or action with position address as main address; the second character includes D and C, D being an open command and C being a close command; the third character field comprises XL and XR, wherein XL is a left boundary switch of a communication node with a protocol address as a main address, XR is a right boundary switch of the communication node with the protocol address as the main address, iL is the left boundary switch of the communication node with the protocol address as the main address, and iR is the right boundary switch of the communication node with the protocol address as the main address.
Secondly, in a normal communication state, the host sends a diagnosis mode broadcast instruction to each communication node, all the communication nodes enter a diagnosis mode, and the position and the address of each communication node are determined.
A1. The host sends a command C-D-XL for disconnecting the left boundary switch to the communication node with the protocol address X according to the communication sequence, other communication nodes are in a monitoring mode, and the communication node with the protocol address X sends a disconnection response R-D-XL after disconnecting the left boundary switch; at this time, all other communication nodes positioned at the right side of the communication node with the protocol address of X in the annular communication loop receive and store the response information. The communication sequence in this step refers to a sequence for performing data interaction in one round according to the protocol address sequence of the communication nodes when data interaction is performed between the host and the communication nodes in a master-slave mode.
A2. The host sends a command C-D-XR for disconnecting the right boundary switch to the communication node with the protocol address X, other communication nodes are in a monitoring mode, and the communication node with the protocol address X sends a disconnection response R-D-XR after disconnecting the right boundary switch; at this time, all other communication nodes positioned on the left side of the communication node with the protocol address X in the annular communication loop receive and store the response information.
A3. The host repeats steps A1-A2 according to the communication sequence until all communication nodes respectively disconnect the left demarcation switch and the right demarcation switch, and each communication node obtains the physical position of the communication node in the ring-shaped communication loop. The response times of the communication node with the protocol address of X when successfully receiving the disconnection of the left boundary switch are NL, namely NL communication nodes are arranged from the left side of the communication node with the protocol address of X to a right interface of the host, the address from the right side of the host to the position of the communication node is NL +1, the response times of the communication node with the protocol address of X when receiving the disconnection of the right boundary switch are NR, namely NR communication nodes are arranged from the right side of the communication node with the protocol address of X to a left interface of the host, namely the position address of the communication node from left to right of the host is NR +1, and Sum is NL + NR + 1.
And the host machine determines the position address of each communication node according to the information fed back by each communication node. The location address refers to the actual location address of the communication node, and the communication node numbers identified in the ring communication loop of fig. 1 are represented by the sequence of greek lower case numbers i, ii, iii, iv, v, and … … sum.
In this embodiment, in the process of acquiring the location address of each communication node, an obtained record table of whether each communication node receives a disconnection response when each demarcation switch is disconnected is shown in table 1. The first column in the table is the protocol address of each communication node, the first row is the command for opening the demarcation switch sent by each communication node, and in the other tables, X indicates that the communication node sending the opening command is the current communication node, 0 indicates that no opening response is received, and v-indicates that the opening response is received.
TABLE 1
According to the data in the table, the communication node with the protocol address B receives the disconnection responses of 4 disconnection left demarcation switches, the communication node has 4 communication nodes from right to left, the communication node receives the disconnection responses of 0 disconnection right demarcation switches, the communication node has 0 communication nodes from left to right, the comprehensive communication network has 5 communication nodes, the communication node with the protocol address B is located at the 1 st node position clockwise from left to right, and the position address of the communication node with the protocol address B is i. The rest of the communication nodes are analogized, so that the ring-shaped communication loop of the embodiment is shown in fig. 1.
B. And polling by the host to check whether the annular communication loop has a fault or not, and judging the fault type when the annular communication loop has communication interruption timeout. The communication interruption overtime refers to that the communication nodes are not successfully communicated within an appointed time period when normal data are interacted. The judgment basis of the fault type is as follows: during normal communication, the left interface and the right interface of the host can receive data, the single-side interface cannot receive the data during open circuit, and the two-side interfaces cannot receive the data during short circuit; that is, when the left and right interfaces of the host can receive data, the communication is normal, when the single-side interface of the host cannot receive the data, the open-circuit fault exists in the loop, and when the two-side interface of the host cannot receive the data, the short-circuit fault exists in the loop.
C. And when the host judges that the annular communication loop has the open circuit fault, the host sends communication interaction commands to each communication node in the annular communication loop from the left interface and the right interface respectively, determines the position and the type of the open circuit fault according to the report returned by each communication node, and enters the step E.
If a single disconnection point occurs in the annular communication loop, the host sends a communication interaction command to each communication node in the network through the left interface, all communication nodes from the right side of the communication cable with the disconnection fault to the left interface of the host are normally communicated, communication nodes behind the communication cable with the disconnection fault are interrupted, the host switches to the right interface to send the communication interaction command, all communication nodes from the left side of the communication cable with the disconnection fault to the right interface of the host are normally communicated, and communication nodes in front of the communication cable with the disconnection fault are interrupted, so that the host can accurately judge the fault position.
In this embodiment, assuming that a single disconnection point occurs on the left side of the communication node of the position address ii in the ring communication loop, as shown in fig. 4, the left interface of the host sends a communication interaction command to the communication node in the network, the communication node of the position address ii and the communication node between the right side of the communication node and the left interface of the host communicate normally, and then the communication of the communication node is interrupted; the host switches to the right interface to send a communication interaction command, the communication node of the position address No. iii and the communication node from the left side of the communication node to the right interface of the host communicate normally, the communication node before the communication node of the position address No. iii is interrupted, and at the moment, the host can judge that the open circuit fault occurs on the right side of the communication node from the left side of the communication node of the position address No. ii to the right side of the communication node of the position address No. iii. In this process, normal data traffic is not affected.
D. And E, when the host judges that the annular communication loop has a short-circuit fault, disconnecting the adjacent side boundary switches from the left interface and the right interface of the host respectively, positioning and isolating the short-circuit point in a mode of summarizing and sending a report to the annular communication loop in the opposite side direction, and then entering the step E.
In this embodiment, if a short-circuit fault occurs from the left side of the communication node at the address of position ii to the right side of the communication node at the address of position iii, as shown in fig. 5.
The left interface of the host computer starts from the communication node of the ith position address, and turns off the right boundary switch of the communication node of the ith position address at the time of i x t, such as the OPEN position shown in FIG. 5. And t is the interval time of fault diagnosis polling, namely the interval time of a request packet for disconnecting and sending the position and the state of the disconnection demarcation switch when one demarcation switch in the network is operated during communication interruption, namely the interval time of the disconnection of the right demarcation switch of the adjacent communication node.
And sending the position address and the disconnection state report R/LA-D-iR to the ring network through the left interface of the communication node of the ith position address, wherein the host cannot receive the report due to the short circuit of the ring communication loop. The right boundary switch of the ii position address communication node is opened at time ii x t, as shown in the OPEN position in fig. 6.
And sending the location address and disconnection state report R/LA-D-iiR to the ring network through the left interface of the communication node of the No. ii location address, wherein the host cannot receive the report due to the short circuit of the ring communication loop. The right boundary switch of the iii-th location address communication node is opened at time iii x t, as shown in the OPEN position in fig. 7.
And the right interface of the host computer receives the position and disconnection state report sent by the communication node for the first time, which indicates that the right side of the iii-th position address communication node is short-circuited, and immediately sends a command C/LA-D-iiiiR to disconnect and isolate the right boundary switch of the iii-th position address communication node, and all communication nodes on the left side of the short-circuited point receive the command.
However, since the short-circuit point and the communication node on the right side of the short-circuit point are still integrated and not isolated, it is unknown that the short-circuit point is found, the diagnostic mode still waits for the appointed turn-off time Sum t, and then a diagnostic sequence for turning off the boundary switch on the left side of the communication node is started.
A data record table showing whether each communication node receives a disconnection response when the right boundary switch is disconnected due to the short-circuit fault obtained through the diagnosis in the above steps is shown in table 2. The first column in the table is the position, the first row is the disconnection status report, the X in the remaining tables indicates that the communication node sending the disconnection command is the current communication node, 0 indicates that the disconnection report is not received, and v-indicates that the disconnection report is received.
TABLE 2
Then, the left demarcation switch of each communication node is sequentially disconnected from the right interface of the host, namely, the left demarcation switch of the Sum-th position address communication node is disconnected at the time of (Sum + i) × t from the Sum-th position address communication node (the first position address communication node anticlockwise from the right) as shown in the OPEN position in FIG. 8.
And the position address and the disconnection state report R/LA-D-SumL are sent through the right side interface ring network of the communication node, and the left interface of the host cannot receive any data due to a short-circuit point.
The left boundary switches of the communication nodes are sequentially disconnected according to the position addresses, and corresponding position addresses and disconnection state reports are sent until the left boundary switch of the position address communication node II is disconnected at the (2Sum-ii +1) × t moment, such as the OPEN position shown in FIG. 9.
Because the short-circuit point occurs between the left side of the address communication node at the position II and the right side of the address communication node at the position iii, the left interface of the host computer receives the position address and the disconnection state report sent by the communication node for the first time at the moment, and the short-circuit occurs on the left side of the communication node; and immediately sending a command C/LA-D-iiL to disconnect the left side of the communication node at the position II, and immediately interrupting the action sequence of sequentially disconnecting the left boundary switch when the communication nodes at the right side of the short-circuit point receive the command, so that the whole network enters a working mode of normal communication due to the isolation of the short-circuit point.
A data record table showing whether each communication node receives a disconnection response when the left boundary switch is disconnected due to the short-circuit fault obtained through the diagnosis in the above steps is shown in table 3. The first column in the table is the position, the first row is the disconnection status report, the X in the remaining tables indicates that the communication node sending the disconnection command is the current communication node, 0 indicates that the disconnection report is not received, and v-indicates that the disconnection report is received.
At this time, the positioning and isolation of the short circuit point are completed.
E. And finally, the host and each communication node respectively display the position and the type information of the fault point on the interface, and the data interaction in the annular communication loop is not influenced.
According to the invention, the communication node controls the demarcation switch to diagnose the working state of the communication system, so that the fault point is quickly positioned and isolated, and the communication system can be quickly recovered under the condition of single-point fault, so that the maintenance of maintainers is guided, the working efficiency is improved, and the production loss is reduced.
Claims (3)
1. The fault point positioning and isolating method based on the annular communication loop is characterized in that the annular communication loop is formed by connecting a host and a plurality of communication nodes in series through communication cables; the method is characterized in that a boundary switch is respectively arranged at the communication interface of each communication node in the annular communication loop, and the communication nodes realize the positioning and isolation of fault points by performing fault diagnosis on the control of the boundary switch, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
A. after the annular communication loop is established, the host sends a diagnosis mode broadcast instruction to each communication node to inquire the position information of the communication node, and the position address of each communication node is obtained;
B. the host polling checks whether the annular communication loop has a fault, and when the annular communication loop has communication interruption timeout, the fault type is judged; the judgment basis of the fault type is as follows: during normal communication, the left interface and the right interface of the host can receive data, the single-side interface cannot receive the data during open circuit, and the two-side interfaces cannot receive the data during short circuit; that is, when the left and right interfaces of the host can receive data, the communication is normal, when the single-side interface of the host cannot receive the data, the open-circuit fault exists in the loop, and when the interfaces on the two sides of the host cannot receive the data, the short-circuit fault exists in the loop;
C. when the host judges that the annular communication loop has the open circuit fault, the host respectively sends communication interaction commands to each communication node in the annular communication loop from the left interface and the right interface, determines the open circuit fault position and the fault type according to the report returned by each communication node, and enters the step E;
D. when the host judges that the annular communication loop has a short-circuit fault, disconnecting adjacent side boundary switches from the left interface and the right interface of the host respectively, positioning and isolating a short-circuit point in a mode of summarizing and sending a report to the annular communication loop in the opposite side direction, and then entering the step E;
E. the host and each communication node respectively display the position and type information of the fault point on the interface, and the data interaction in the annular communication loop is not influenced.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step a comprises the following steps:
A1. the host sends a command of disconnecting the left demarcation switch to the Xth communication node according to the communication sequence, other communication nodes are in a monitoring mode, the Xth communication node sends a disconnection response after disconnecting the left demarcation switch, and at the moment, all other communication nodes positioned on the right side of the Xth communication node in the annular communication loop receive response information and store the response information;
A2. the host sends a command of disconnecting the right demarcation switch to the Xth communication node, other communication nodes are in a monitoring mode, the Xth communication node sends a disconnection response after disconnecting the right demarcation switch, and at the moment, all other communication nodes positioned on the left side of the Xth communication node in the annular communication loop receive response information and store the response information;
A3. the host repeats the steps A1-A2 according to the communication sequence until all the communication nodes respectively disconnect the left demarcation switch and the right demarcation switch, and each communication node obtains the physical position of the communication node in the annular communication loop; and the host machine determines the position address of each communication node according to the information fed back by each communication node.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step D comprises the following steps:
starting to disconnect the right boundary switches of the communication nodes one by one from the left interface of the host, and sending a position address and a disconnection state report to the ring network through the left interface of the communication node, wherein the disconnection time interval of the right boundary switches of the adjacent communication nodes is t; until the right interface of the host computer receives the position address and the disconnection state report sent by the communication node for the first time, the short circuit occurs on the right side of the communication node;
then, successively disconnecting the left demarcation switch of each communication node from the right interface of the host, sending a position address and a disconnection state report through the right interface ring network of the communication node, wherein the disconnection time interval of the left demarcation switch of the adjacent communication node is t; until the left interface of the host computer receives the position address and the disconnection state report sent by the communication node for the first time, the short circuit occurs on the left side of the communication node; at this time, the positioning and isolation of the short circuit point are completed.
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