CN110646160B - A CICC conductor high temperature gas pressure drop test device and method - Google Patents
A CICC conductor high temperature gas pressure drop test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 55
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- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种CICC导体高温气体压降测试装置及其测试方法，该装置由包括气源、高温加热炉、均热盘管、截止阀、减压器、质量流量计、温度计、压力变送器、数据采集系统等。适用于测试不同结构类型的CICC导体、不同温度、不同流量下和不同种类的气体所产生的流动阻力。本发明一方面为CICC导体内气体流动阻力问题的研究提供实验平台，另一方面为大型CICC超导线圈热处理导体内气路设计提供理论依据和指导。本发明优点在于，系统可靠、方法易操作。
The invention relates to a CICC conductor high-temperature gas pressure drop test device and a test method thereof. devices, data acquisition systems, etc. It is suitable for testing the flow resistance of different types of CICC conductors, different temperatures, different flow rates and different types of gases. On the one hand, the invention provides an experimental platform for the research on the gas flow resistance in the CICC conductor, and on the other hand provides theoretical basis and guidance for the design of the gas path in the heat treatment conductor of the large-scale CICC superconducting coil. The advantages of the invention are that the system is reliable and the method is easy to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pressure drop test of CICC conductors, and particularly relates to a device for testing the flow resistance of gas in a CICC conductor in a high-temperature state. Relates to a high-precision, high-effectiveness and high-reliability pressure drop test method.
Background
The Nb3Sn superconducting material has a critical magnetic field of 22.5T at 4.2K, and is the main material for manufacturing superconducting magnets with the magnetic field of more than 10T. The new generation of superconducting materials such as MgB2 and Bi2212 have more excellent performance. A common feature of these superconducting materials is that they require heat treatment to develop superconductivity.
A cable-in-tube conductor structure (cic) is currently the most promising way to manufacture large superconducting magnet coils. Taking Nb3Sn cic superconducting coil as an example, after winding and forming, Nb3Sn coil needs to undergo certain heat treatment to generate solid state diffusion reaction, thereby generating a15 superconducting phase. Avoiding the oxidation of the superconducting wire inside the Nb3Sn cic superconducting coil is a key requirement for successful heat treatment, and gas-shielded heat treatment in the cic conductor is required. The flow resistance generated by the high-temperature protective gas in the CICC conductor becomes one of the basic parameters of the design of the heat treatment protective gas circuit. The invention mainly aims to provide a device and a method for testing high-temperature gas pressure drop of a CICC conductor, which are used for researching the pressure drop problem of the CICC conductor under different working conditions. The device is simultaneously suitable for researching the pressure drop test in the CICC conductor at normal temperature, and provides a pressure drop test experimental platform for the design of the CICC conductor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to establish a device for testing the flow resistance of high-temperature gas of a CICC conductor, provides a method for testing the pressure drop of the CICC conductor, is used for researching the pressure drop problem of the CICC conductor under different working conditions, and provides theoretical basis and guidance for the design of gas protection in a large-scale CICC superconducting coil heat treatment pipe.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a CICC conductor high-temperature gas pressure drop testing device comprises an air source device, a high-temperature heating furnace, a soaking coil, a first stop valve, a second stop valve, a pressure reducer, a mass flow meter, a thermometer, a gas inlet end pressure transmitter, a gas outlet end pressure transmitter and a data acquisition system;
the gas source device provides a stable gas source with pressure of more than 0.1 MPa;
the first stop valve, the pressure reducer and the mass flowmeter are respectively arranged behind the gas source device and are sequentially connected with the pipeline in series in a welding mode; the pipeline is made of stainless steel, and the diameter of the pipeline is between 1cm and 20 cm;
the high-temperature heating furnace adopts a horizontal structure, and a soaking coil, a CICC test sample and a connecting piece are arranged in the heating furnace;
the soaking coil is positioned behind the mass flowmeter and used for heating gas;
the rear surface of the heat-equalizing coil is connected with a front-end horn-shaped cavity, the inner diameter of the cavity is larger than the outer diameter of the CICC conductor, and the cavity is connected in a welding mode;
the tail end of the CICC test sample is also welded with a rear-end horn-shaped cavity, and a second stop valve is arranged behind the rear-end horn-shaped cavity.
The high-temperature heating furnace is a horizontal vacuum heating furnace, the highest heating temperature is 1000 ℃, the inner diameter of an effective heating zone is 100mm-1000mm, the length is more than 6m, and the temperature uniformity is within +/-2 ℃; the high-temperature heating furnace is uniformly provided with electric heating wires on the furnace body, and the horizontal vacuum heating furnace is provided with two movable flanges for ensuring the sealing of the furnace body; a soaking coil, a CICC test sample and related connecting pieces are arranged in the high-temperature heating furnace, and a pipeline passes through a flange of the heating furnace and is connected with the soaking coil; and a thermocouple reserved window and a pressure branch test window are reserved on a flange of the high-temperature heating furnace.
The total length of the uniform heat coil pipe is 500-2000 mm, the diameter of the coil pipe is 1-20 cm, and the coil pipe is spirally arranged in an effective heating zone of a heating furnace; the tail end of the soaking coil is provided with a thermal point couple for monitoring the heating temperature of the gas.
The front horn-shaped cavity is connected behind the soaking coil and is positioned at a transition section between the soaking coil and the CICC test sample; the shape of the cavity is consistent with that of the CICC outer armor, and the cavity is sheathed on the outer armor. A first pressure testing branch is laterally arranged on the front end horn-shaped cavity and led out of the heating furnace through a heating furnace flange, and the first pressure testing branch is a stainless steel pipeline with the diameter of 5mm-20 mm; the first pressure testing branch is provided with an air inlet end pressure transmitter for testing air inlet pressure.
The CICC test sample is welded between the horn-shaped cavities, is longer than 4m and is positioned in the effective heating area of the heating furnace; a plurality of thermometers are uniformly arranged on the surface of the CICC conductor and used for monitoring the temperature, and the number of the thermometers can be selected according to actual needs; and the test wires of the plurality of thermometers are led out through a reserved thermocouple reserved window of the heating furnace and connected with the data acquisition system.
The rear horn-shaped cavity penetrates through the flange of the heating furnace through a pipeline and is connected with a second stop valve outside the furnace; the shape of the cavity is consistent with that of the CICC outer armor, and the cavity is sheathed on the outer armor; a second pressure testing branch is laterally arranged at the rear end of the horn-shaped cavity and led out of the heating furnace through a heating furnace flange, and the second pressure testing branch is a stainless steel pipeline with the diameter of 5mm-20 mm; the second pressure testing branch is provided with an air outlet end pressure transmitter for testing air outlet pressure.
The data acquisition system is used for acquiring temperature monitoring points and pressure testing points of the device.
The invention also provides a method for testing the pressure drop of the high-temperature gas of the CICC conductor, which comprises the following steps:
A. detecting the air tightness of the device, closing a second stop valve at the tail end of the device, introducing gas with the pressure of more than 0.5MPa into the CICC, closing a gas inlet end stop valve, maintaining the pressure for more than 5h, and judging that the air tightness of the device meets the requirement when the display value is unchanged;
B. opening a second stop valve at the tail end of the device, and releasing pressure gas in the CICC conductor;
C. opening a first stop valve at the gas inlet end, adjusting the pressure reducer, and introducing test gas with required flow;
D. starting a heating furnace, vacuumizing, then heating, and keeping the temperature after the temperature is raised to the required temperature;
E. when the temperature of the heating furnace rises to the required temperature and the temperature uniformity of each temperature monitoring point in the furnace is less than +/-2 ℃, the temperature uniformity of the CICC test sample is proved to meet the requirement;
F. reading the gas mass flow and the numerical values of the pressure test points at the two ends; subtracting the pressure of the gas outlet end from the pressure of the gas inlet end to obtain the pressure drop of the section of the CICC conductor; thus calculating the CICC flow resistance under the unit length;
G. and (4) adjusting the pressure reducer to observe the mass flowmeter to the required flow, adjusting the temperature of the heating furnace to the required temperature, repeating the step E, F, and solving the pressure drop of the CICC conductor under different flows and different temperatures.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the advantages of reliable system and high cost performance. The device is suitable for testing the flow resistance generated by CICC conductors with different structure types, gases with different temperatures, different flow rates and different types, and provides a theoretical basis for the design of the gas circuit in the heat treatment conductor of the large CICC superconducting coil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a CICC high-temperature gas pressure drop testing device.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as in fig. 1: the device comprises a gas source device, a pipeline, a first stop valve, a pressure reducer, a mass flowmeter, a heat equalizing coil, a front horn-shaped cavity, a CICC test sample, a thermometer, a rear horn-shaped cavity, an air inlet pressure test branch, a 12 air outlet pressure test branch, a high temperature heating furnace, a heating wire, a thermocouple reserved window, a second stop valve, a 17 air outlet pressure transmitter, an air inlet pressure transmitter, and a data acquisition system, wherein the gas source device comprises 1, 2, the pipeline, 3, the first stop valve, 4, the pressure reducer, 5, the mass flowmeter, 6, the heat equalizing coil, the front horn-shaped cavity, the CICC test sample, the thermometer, the rear horn-.
As shown in figure 1, the device for testing the pressure drop of the high-temperature gas of the CICC conductor comprises a gas source device 1, a high-temperature heating furnace 13, a soaking coil 6, a first stop valve 3, a second stop valve 16, a pressure reducer 4, a mass flowmeter 5, a thermometer 9, a gas outlet pressure transmitter 17, a gas inlet pressure transmitter 18, a data acquisition system 19 and other related components. The gas source device 1 can provide a stable gas source above 0.1MPa, and the variety of the gas source is not limited; can be replaced according to the test requirement. And a first stop valve 3, a pressure reducer 4 and a mass flowmeter 5 are respectively arranged behind the air source device 1 and are sequentially connected with the pipeline 2 in series in a welding mode. The pipeline 2 is made of stainless steel, and the diameter of the pipeline is between 1cm and 20 cm. The high-temperature heating furnace 13 adopts a horizontal structure, and a soaking coil 6, a CICC test sample 8 and related connecting pieces are arranged in the heating furnace. The soaking coil 6 is positioned behind the mass flowmeter 5 and used for heating gas; connect a front end horn-shaped cavity 7 behind the soaking coil 6, front end horn-shaped cavity 7 internal diameter is greater than 8 external diameters of CICC test sample, connects through the welded mode. The CICC conductor is externally provided with a stainless steel hollow pipeline, and is internally provided with superconducting materials. A rear-end horn-shaped cavity 10 is also welded at the tail end of the CICC test sample 8, and a second stop valve 16 is installed behind the rear-end horn-shaped cavity 10.
The high temperature heating furnace 13 is a horizontal vacuum heating furnace, the highest heating temperature is 1000 ℃, the inner diameter of an effective heating zone is 100mm-1000mm, the length is more than 6m, and the temperature uniformity is within +/-2 ℃. The high-temperature heating furnace 13 is uniformly provided with electric heating wires 14 on the furnace body, and the horizontal heating furnace is provided with two movable flanges for ensuring the sealing of the furnace body. The high-temperature heating furnace 13 is internally provided with a soaking coil 6, a CICC test sample 8 and related connecting pieces, and a pipeline passes through a flange of the heating furnace to be connected with the soaking coil 6. A thermocouple reserved window 15 and a pressure branch test window are reserved on a flange of the heating furnace.
The total length of the uniform heating coil 6 is between 500mm and 2000mm, the diameter of the coil 6 is between 1cm and 20cm, and the uniform heating coil is spirally arranged in an effective heating area of the heating furnace 13. The tail end of the soaking coil 6 is provided with a thermocouple for monitoring the heating temperature of the gas.
The front trumpet-shaped cavity 7 is connected behind the soaking coil 6 and is positioned at the transition section between the homogenizing coil 6 and the CICC test sample 8. The front horn-shaped cavity 7 is consistent with the shape of the outer armor of the CICC8 and wraps the outer armor. A pressure testing branch 11 is laterally arranged on the front end horn-shaped cavity 7 and led out of the heating furnace through a flange of the heating furnace, the air inlet pressure testing branch 11 is made of stainless steel, and the diameter of a pipe is between 5mm and 20 mm. The intake pressure test branch 11 is provided with an intake end pressure transmitter 18 for testing the intake pressure.
The CICC test sample 8 is welded between the horn-shaped cavities, the length of the CICC test sample 8 is more than 4m, and the CICC test sample is positioned in the effective heating area of the heating furnace 13. A plurality of thermometers 9 are uniformly arranged on the outer surface of the CICC test sample 8 for temperature monitoring, the number of the thermometers can be selected according to actual needs, and only five temperature measuring points are shown in the figure for explanation. The test line of the thermometer 9 is led out through a thermometer reserved thermocouple reserved window 15 of the heating furnace and is connected with a data acquisition system 19.
The rear horn-shaped cavity 10 is connected with a second stop valve 16 outside the furnace by a pipeline penetrating through a flange of the heating furnace. The rear trumpet-shaped cavity 10 is in the shape consistent with the shape of the outer armor of the CICC8 and wraps the outer armor. An air outlet pressure testing branch 12 is laterally arranged on the rear end horn-shaped cavity 10 and led out of the heating furnace through a flange of the heating furnace, the air outlet pressure testing branch 12 is made of stainless steel, and the diameter of a pipe is between 5mm and 20 mm. The outlet pressure test branch 12 is provided with an outlet pressure transmitter 17 for testing the outlet pressure.
The data acquisition system 19 mainly acquires the data of the temperature monitoring point 9, the outlet pressure transmitter 17 and the inlet pressure transmitter 18 of the device.
A method for testing pressure drop of high-temperature gas of a CICC conductor comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) detecting the air tightness of the device, closing a second stop valve 16 at the tail end of the device, introducing gas with the pressure of more than 0.5MPa into the CICC8, closing a first stop valve 3 at the gas inlet end, maintaining the pressure for more than 5h, and indicating that the air tightness of the device meets the requirement when the display value of the gas outlet pressure transmitter 17 does not change.
B. The device end second stop valve 16 is opened and the pressurized gas within the cic test sample 8 is released.
C. And opening the first stop valve 3 at the gas inlet end, adjusting the pressure reducer 4, and introducing the test gas with the required flow.
D. And starting the heating furnace 13, vacuumizing, then heating, and keeping the temperature after the temperature is increased to the required temperature.
E. And when the temperature of the heating furnace 13 is raised to the required temperature and the temperature uniformity of each temperature monitoring point 9 in the furnace is less than +/-2 ℃, the temperature uniformity of the CICC test sample 8 is proved to meet the requirement.
F. And reading the gas mass flow 5 and the values of the pressure test points at the two ends, namely a gas outlet end pressure transmitter 17 and a gas inlet end pressure transmitter 18. The pressure drop of the section of the CICC test sample 8 is the inlet pressure transmitter 18 minus the air pressure transmitter 17. Thus, the CICC flow resistance per unit length can be determined.
G. And adjusting the pressure reducer 4 to observe the mass flow meter 5 to the required flow, adjusting the temperature of the heating furnace 13 to the required temperature, and repeating the step E, F to obtain the pressure drop of the CICC test samples at different flows and different temperatures.
The invention has the advantages of reliable system, simple method and easy operation. The device is suitable for testing the flow resistance of high-temperature gas of various CICC conductors. On one hand, an experimental platform is provided for the research of the gas flow resistance problem of the CICC conductor, and on the other hand, theoretical basis and guidance are provided for the design of the gas path in the heat treatment conductor of the large CICC superconducting coil.
Claims (8)
1. A CICC conductor high-temperature gas pressure drop testing device comprises an air source device, a high-temperature heating furnace, a soaking coil, a first stop valve, a second stop valve, a pressure reducer, a mass flow meter, a thermometer, a gas inlet end pressure transmitter, a gas outlet end pressure transmitter and a data acquisition system; the method is characterized in that:
the gas source device provides a stable gas source with pressure of more than 0.1 MPa;
the first stop valve, the pressure reducer and the mass flowmeter are respectively arranged behind the gas source device and are sequentially connected with the pipeline in series in a welding mode; the pipeline is made of stainless steel, and the diameter of the pipeline is between 1cm and 20 cm;
the high-temperature heating furnace adopts a horizontal structure, and a soaking coil, a CICC test sample and a connecting piece are arranged in the heating furnace; the high-temperature heating furnace is a horizontal vacuum heating furnace, the highest heating temperature is 1000 ℃, the inner diameter of an effective heating zone is 100mm-1000mm, the length is more than 6m, and the temperature uniformity is within +/-2 ℃;
the soaking coil is positioned behind the mass flowmeter and used for heating gas;
the rear surface of the heat-equalizing coil is connected with a front-end horn-shaped cavity, the inner diameter of the cavity is larger than the outer diameter of the CICC conductor, and the cavity is connected in a welding mode; the front horn-shaped cavity is connected behind the soaking coil and is positioned at a transition section between the soaking coil and the CICC test sample; the shape of the cavity is consistent with that of the CICC outer armor, and the cavity is sheathed on the outer armor;
the tail end of the CICC test sample is also welded with a rear-end horn-shaped cavity, and a second stop valve is arranged behind the rear-end horn-shaped cavity;
the CICC test sample is welded between the front horn-shaped cavity and the rear horn-shaped cavity, the length of the CICC test sample is more than 4m, and the CICC test sample is positioned in an effective heating area of the heating furnace;
the rear horn-shaped cavity penetrates through the flange of the heating furnace through a pipeline and is connected with a second stop valve outside the furnace; the shape of the cavity is consistent with that of the CICC outer armor, and the cavity is sheathed on the outer armor.
2. The device for testing high-temperature gas pressure drop of the CICC conductor of claim 1, wherein:
the high-temperature heating furnace is uniformly provided with electric heating wires on the furnace body, and the horizontal vacuum heating furnace is provided with two movable flanges for ensuring the sealing of the furnace body; the pipeline passes through a flange of the heating furnace and is connected with the soaking coil pipe; a thermocouple window and a pressure branch test window are reserved on a flange of the high-temperature heating furnace.
3. The device for testing high-temperature gas pressure drop of the CICC conductor of claim 1, wherein:
the total length of the uniform heat coil pipe is 500-2000 mm, the diameter of the coil pipe is 1-20 cm, and the coil pipe is spirally arranged in an effective heating zone of a heating furnace; the tail end of the soaking coil is provided with a thermal point couple for monitoring the heating temperature of the gas.
4. The device for testing high-temperature gas pressure drop of the CICC conductor of claim 1, wherein:
a first pressure testing branch is laterally arranged on the front end horn-shaped cavity and led out of the heating furnace through a heating furnace flange, and the first pressure testing branch is a stainless steel pipeline with the diameter of 5mm-20 mm; the first pressure testing branch is provided with an air inlet end pressure transmitter for testing air inlet pressure.
5. The device for testing high-temperature gas pressure drop of the CICC conductor of claim 1, wherein:
a plurality of thermometers are uniformly arranged on the surface of the CICC conductor and used for monitoring the temperature, and the number of the thermometers can be selected according to actual needs; and the test wires of the plurality of thermometers are led out through a reserved thermocouple reserved window of the heating furnace and connected with the data acquisition system.
6. The device for testing high-temperature gas pressure drop of the CICC conductor of claim 1, wherein:
a second pressure testing branch is laterally arranged at the rear end of the horn-shaped cavity and led out of the heating furnace through a heating furnace flange, and the second pressure testing branch is a stainless steel pipeline with the diameter of 5mm-20 mm; the second pressure testing branch is provided with an air outlet end pressure transmitter for testing air outlet pressure.
7. The device for testing high-temperature gas pressure drop of the CICC conductor of claim 1, wherein: the data acquisition system is used for acquiring temperature monitoring points and pressure testing points of the device.
8. A method for testing high-temperature gas pressure drop of a CICC conductor by using the device of any one of claims 1-7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. detecting the air tightness of the device, closing a second stop valve at the tail end of the device, introducing gas with the pressure of more than 0.5MPa into the CICC, closing a first stop valve at the gas inlet end, maintaining the pressure for more than 5h, and judging that the air tightness of the device meets the requirement when the display value of the gas outlet pressure transmitter does not change;
B. opening a second stop valve at the tail end of the device, and releasing pressure gas in the CICC conductor;
C. opening a first stop valve at the gas inlet end, adjusting the pressure reducer, and introducing test gas with required flow;
D. starting a heating furnace, vacuumizing, then heating, and keeping the temperature after the temperature is raised to the required temperature;
E. when the temperature of the heating furnace rises to the required temperature and the temperature uniformity of each temperature monitoring point in the furnace is less than +/-2 ℃, the temperature uniformity of the CICC test sample is proved to meet the requirement;
F. reading the gas mass flow and the numerical values of the pressure test points at the two ends; subtracting the pressure of the gas outlet end from the pressure of the gas inlet end to obtain the pressure drop of the section of the CICC conductor; thus calculating the CICC flow resistance under the unit length;
G. and (4) adjusting the pressure reducer to observe the mass flowmeter to the required flow, adjusting the temperature of the heating furnace to the required temperature, repeating the step E, F, and solving the pressure drop of the CICC conductor under different flows and different temperatures.
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| "CFETR CS模型线圈NbTi导体的管内压降分析";杨亦霖等;《低温与超导》;20160630;第44卷(第6期);正文第2-4部分 * |
| "大型Nb3Sn CICC型超导磁体的热处理炉系统";高洋等;《低温与超导》;20161231;第44卷(第12期);全文 * |
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