CN110646082A - 一种混合复用的低损耗水听器阵列 - Google Patents

一种混合复用的低损耗水听器阵列 Download PDF

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CN110646082A
CN110646082A CN201910968039.5A CN201910968039A CN110646082A CN 110646082 A CN110646082 A CN 110646082A CN 201910968039 A CN201910968039 A CN 201910968039A CN 110646082 A CN110646082 A CN 110646082A
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optical fiber
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肖昭
韩宽宽
任伟
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Hunan Great Wall Hai Dun Optical Fiber Technology Co Ltd
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35383—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques
    • G01D5/35387—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques using wavelength division multiplexing
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    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35383—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques
    • G01D5/3539—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques using time division multiplexing
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    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35383—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques
    • G01D5/35396—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques using other forms of multiplexing
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/36—Forming the light into pulses

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种混合复用的低损耗水听器阵列，包括传输缆和垂直吊放阵缆，所述的垂直吊放阵缆中设有耦合器、延时光纤和4分量光纤矢量水听器。本发明的技术效果在于，与现有技术相比，本专利通过将矢量水听器三轴分别与耦合器直连的方式降低阵列损耗，通过对耦合器分光比合理配比的方式对传感器进行分光，通过将光纤矢量水听器和标量水听器连接成4分量的方式形成8时分复用，通过波分、空分和时分相结合的传输方式形成混合复用的矢量水听器阵列，降低成本的同时使光纤矢量水听器也能成阵且应用于各领域。

Description

一种混合复用的低损耗水听器阵列
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合复用的低损耗水听器阵列。
背景技术
混合复用方式中，波分、时分与空分复用是最常见的水听器阵列复用方式之一，现有的混合复用方式多为针对标量阵列，实现标量阵列湿端的全光化成阵，但由于标量水听器只能测量声音的标量值，也就是单纯的声压值，不能够实现矢量水听器对于声音矢量的测量，故导致其应用范围受到较大局限。
发明内容
本发明专利的目的是为了克服现有技术的不足之处，提出一种低损耗矢量水听器阵列的成阵方式，解决上述技术问题，能够适配于绝大多数矢量水听器阵缆。
为了实现上述技术目的，本发明的技术方案是，
一种混合复用的低损耗水听器阵列，包括传输缆和垂直吊放阵缆，所述的垂直吊放阵缆中设有耦合器、延时光纤和4分量光纤矢量水听器，所述的4分量光纤矢量水听器包括设有3个分量的X、Y、Z轴3方向的3轴矢量水听器和设有1个分量的标量水听器，其中每个分量的上行及下行通道均分别连接至单独的耦合器且与耦合器的尾纤直接连接，并通过耦合器依次串联进行分光，且每个分量的上行通道之间设置延时光纤，所述的传感缆为1波分×4空分×8时分的光路连接方式，其中单个空分传输1个8时分信号，所述的8时分信号由2组4分量光纤矢量水听器的8个分量提供。
所述的一种混合复用的低损耗水听器阵列，所述的8时分信号均为连续脉冲信号，以每个脉冲周期时间为T，则8时分中的每个时分之间通过延时光纤产生的延时时间不大于脉冲周期时间T与8时分复用数的商，延时光纤实际长度为理论长度除去耦合器尾纤长度、基元间距以及光纤余量，其中理论长度L＝ct/n，c为光速，t为单分量之间的延迟时间，n为光纤折射率，基元为水听器的1个分量，光纤余量为基元间距的3％。
所述的一种混合复用的低损耗水听器阵列，每个8时分信号由串联的2组4分量光纤矢量水听器的8个分量提供，其中耦合器进行分光的配比使传输到每个分量的光功率大小一致。
本发明的技术效果在于，与现有技术相比，本专利通过将矢量水听器三轴分别与耦合器直连的方式降低阵列损耗，通过对耦合器分光比合理配比的方式对传感器进行分光，通过将光纤矢量水听器和标量水听器连接成4分量的方式形成8时分复用，通过波分、空分和时分相结合的传输方式形成混合复用的矢量水听器阵列，降低成本的同时使光纤矢量水听器也能成阵且应用于各领域。
附图说明
图1为本发明的整体结构图；
其中：1、传输缆 2、传感缆 3、矢量水听器 4、标量水听器；
图2是本发明中总体光学结构图；
图3是本发明中8时分光路图；
其中：D为延时光纤；X、Y、Z为光纤矢量水听器三轴，P为标量水听器。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明专利的实施方式作进一步说明。但不应就此理解为本专利所述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例，在不脱离本专利上述技术思想情况下，凡根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种修改、替换和变更，均包括在本专利的范围内。
图1是本专利中阵缆的整体结构图，包括按顺序排列的传输缆、传感缆、矢量水听器、标量水听器，其中传输缆连接母船的拖缆，矢量水听器阵列包括耦合器、延时光纤、光纤矢量水听器、标量水听器，通过在垂直吊放阵缆中集成的方式将光纤矢量水听器、标量水听器装在一起，垂直吊放阵缆的外部框架结构可采用常见装置来实现。阵列通过耦合器进行合理分光配比，保证传输到矢量水听器各轴和标量水听器的光信号大小一致，通过将光纤矢量水听器和标量水听器连接成4分量的方式形成8时分复用。传感缆主要包括1波分×4空分×8时分，单个空分主要包括了8时分。所述的8时分由耦合器、延时光纤、光纤矢量水听器、标量水听器以及其他光学组件组成，通过对矢量水听器4分量分别与耦合器尾纤直连的方式，相比于标量阵列中通过主光缆连接耦合器与矢量水听器的方式，减少了熔接数量，从而降低阵列损耗，通过对耦合器分光比合理配比的方式对光纤矢量水听器的四分量进行分光，使8时分内部各时分光功率一致，通过将两组光纤矢量水听器和标量水听器组成成4分量的方式形成8时分复用，通过单波分四空分的传输方式形成混合复用的矢量水听器阵列。
图2是本专利中总体光学结构图，本系统采用4空分×8时分的光路复用方式，因此传输光缆具备32路光路复用能力。
图3是本专利中8时分光路图，光纤矢量水听器的各轴和光纤标量水听器分别连接有光纤信号臂探测光纤，其中水听器各臂与耦合器采用直接熔接的方式，不引入传输光纤，降低系统损耗。图中的D为延时光纤，X、Y、Z为光纤矢量水听器的X、Y、Z三轴，P为标量水听器，S表示将前两者结合起来所形成的4分量光纤矢量水听器，K表示编号。图中在每个分量处所连接的椭圆形装置即为耦合器，耦合器按预设的配比进行分光以使8时分内部各时分光功率一致，其中图中标注的百分数即为相应的分光配比，但需要注意的是，此处的分光配比是在前一个分光的基础上再取的百分比，而不是所占整体光功率的百分比。如图中第一个分光配比为10％，那么第二个分光则是在整体光功率降为90％的基础上再取12％，以保证8时分内部各时分光功率一致。
本发明中的8时分信号均为连续脉冲信号，以每个脉冲周期时间为T，则8时分中的每个时分之间通过延时光纤产生的延时时间不大于脉冲周期时间T与8时分复用数的商，延时光纤实际长度为理论长度除去耦合器尾纤长度、基元间距以及光纤余量，其中理论长度L＝ct/n，c为光速，t为单分量之间的延迟时间，n为光纤折射率，基元为水听器的1个分量，光纤余量为基元间距的3％。
本发明通过将矢量水听器三轴分别与耦合器直连的方式降低阵列损耗，通过将两组矢量及标量组成的四分量合成8时分的方式，实现了矢量水听器时分复用，通过增加空分传输光纤的方式，实现了矢量水听器空分复用，通过单个激光器输出光由1分4分束器分束的方式，实现了矢量水听器波分复用。

Claims (3)

1.一种混合复用的低损耗水听器阵列，其特征在于，包括传输缆和垂直吊放阵缆，所述的垂直吊放阵缆中设有耦合器、延时光纤和4分量光纤矢量水听器，所述的4分量光纤矢量水听器包括设有3个分量的X、Y、Z轴3方向的3轴矢量水听器和设有1个分量的标量水听器，其中每个分量的上行及下行通道均分别连接至单独的耦合器且与耦合器的尾纤直接连接，并通过耦合器依次串联进行分光，且每个分量的上行通道之间设置延时光纤，所述的传感缆为1波分×4空分×8时分的光路连接方式，其中单个空分传输1个8时分信号，所述的8时分信号由2组4分量光纤矢量水听器的8个分量提供。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种混合复用的低损耗水听器阵列，其特征在于，所述的8时分信号均为连续脉冲信号，以每个脉冲周期时间为T，则8时分中的每个时分之间通过延时光纤产生的延时时间不大于脉冲周期时间T与8时分复用数的商，延时光纤实际长度为理论长度除去耦合器尾纤长度、基元间距以及光纤余量，其中理论长度L＝ct/n，c为光速，t为单分量之间的延迟时间，n为光纤折射率，基元为水听器的1个分量，光纤余量为基元间距的3％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种混合复用的低损耗水听器阵列，其特征在于，每个8时分信号由串联的2组4分量光纤矢量水听器的8个分量提供，其中耦合器进行分光的配比使传输到每个分量的光功率大小一致。
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