CN110639357B - Boiler structure and boiler internal desulfurization and denitrification method - Google Patents
Boiler structure and boiler internal desulfurization and denitrification method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110639357B CN110639357B CN201911039425.2A CN201911039425A CN110639357B CN 110639357 B CN110639357 B CN 110639357B CN 201911039425 A CN201911039425 A CN 201911039425A CN 110639357 B CN110639357 B CN 110639357B
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- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
- B01D53/83—Solid phase processes with moving reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of boiler equipment, and discloses a boiler structure and a desulfurization and denitrification method in a boiler. According to the boiler structure and the boiler internal desulfurization and denitration method provided by the invention, calcium powder is sprayed into a proper area of a hearth, the calcium powder can react with acidic substances in flue gas, and the internal desulfurization can be realized through acid-base neutralization and oxidation reduction; spraying ammonia water or urea into a proper area of the hearth to realize SNCR denitration in the furnace; the layer combustion boiler structure can reduce environmental protection investment, reduce boiler occupation and improve economy without arranging a desulfurization and denitrification device outside a hearth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of boiler equipment, in particular to a boiler structure and a desulfurization and denitrification method in a boiler.
Background
China is a developing country which takes coal as main energy, and coal resources account for about 75% of the total energy production and consumption of China. During combustion of coal, a large amount of pollutants are produced, wherein nitrogen oxides (NO X ) The method has great harm to the environment, and besides forming acid rain to destroy the ecological environment, the nitrogen oxides can also form photochemical smog to harm human health. The high-temperature combustion of coal is NO X Is one of the main sources, while the boiler in China mainly takes coal as main source, thus reducing NO in the coal-fired boiler X Has important significance in the discharge of the waste gas.
At present, various technologies and devices are developed at home and abroad and applied to desulfurization and denitration of boilers. Among them, the denitration technology includes low nitrogen combustion technology, flue gas denitration (SNCR) technology, and the like. Because the reaction temperature is not controlled in place and the reaction time is short, the reaction amount of nitrogen and carbon particles in the flue gas is small, and the self-separation of nitrogen oxides is not performed, so that the content of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas discharged from the tail of the boiler is higher. There are also disadvantages to various methods of boiler desulfurization.
Most of the currently used coal-fired industrial boilers are provided with desulfurization and denitrification devices, so that the environment-friendly investment is large, the occupied area is large and the economical efficiency is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide a boiler structure and a desulfurization and denitrification method in a boiler, which are used for solving or partially solving the problems of large environmental protection investment, large occupied area and poor economical efficiency of most of the existing coal-fired industrial boilers which are provided with desulfurization and denitrification devices.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problems, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a boiler structure is provided, which comprises a vertically installed furnace and a tail flue, wherein a first nozzle and a second nozzle are arranged on the top side wall of the furnace at intervals, the first nozzle is used for spraying calcium powder into the furnace, and the second nozzle is used for spraying ammonia water or urea into the furnace; wherein the calcium powder comprises calcium carbonate powder or calcium oxide powder.
On the basis of the scheme, the hearth comprises a main hearth and an auxiliary hearth, the auxiliary hearth is arranged at the rear part of the main hearth side by side, a convection channel is arranged at the rear part of the auxiliary hearth side by side, the top end of the main hearth is communicated with the top end of the auxiliary hearth, the bottom end of the auxiliary hearth is communicated with the bottom end of the convection channel, and the top end of the convection channel is communicated with a tail flue.
On the basis of the scheme, the first nozzle is arranged at the top of the side wall of the main hearth, and the first nozzle is arranged towards the top inlet of the auxiliary hearth; the second nozzle is arranged at the top of the side wall of the auxiliary hearth and is positioned at a position corresponding to the top inlet position of the auxiliary hearth.
On the basis of the scheme, a denitration device is arranged in the convection channel and at the position of the smoke temperature of 300-350 ℃.
On the basis of the scheme, the bottom of the main hearth is provided with the fire grate, the bottom of the main hearth covers the fire grate, the cross-sectional areas of the middle part and the top of the main hearth are smaller than those of the bottom, the auxiliary hearth is in a bent shape, and an adapter part is arranged between the bottom end of the auxiliary hearth and the bottom end of the convection channel.
On the basis of the scheme, a convection heating surface is arranged in the convection channel, and an economizer and an air preheater are sequentially arranged on the tail flue along the flow direction of the flue gas.
The invention provides a boiler internal desulfurization and denitrification method based on the boiler structure, which comprises the following steps: spraying calcium powder into the top end of the inner part of the main hearth; ammonia water or urea is sprayed into the top end of the interior of the auxiliary furnace chamber.
Based on the scheme, the spraying of the calcium powder into the inner top end of the main hearth is specifically as follows: spraying calcium powder into the area with the smoke temperature of 850-950 ℃ at the top outlet of the main hearth and the top inlet of the auxiliary hearth; spraying ammonia water or urea into the top end of the interior of the auxiliary hearth is specifically as follows: ammonia water or urea is sprayed into the area with the smoke temperature of 850-950 ℃ at the inlet of the auxiliary furnace chamber.
Based on the scheme, the calcium powder is injected into the main hearth by adopting compressed air; ammonia water or urea is conveyed by a pump and sprayed into the auxiliary hearth in a compressed air atomizing mode.
On the basis of the scheme, the interval time between the spraying of the calcium powder into the inner top end of the main hearth and the spraying of the ammonia water or urea into the inner top end of the auxiliary hearth is more than or equal to the preset time; the distance between the spraying area of the calcium powder and the spraying area of the ammonia water or the urea is larger than or equal to a preset distance.
(III) beneficial effects
According to the boiler structure and the boiler internal desulfurization and denitration method provided by the invention, calcium powder is sprayed into a proper area of a hearth, the calcium powder can react with acidic substances in flue gas, and the internal desulfurization can be realized through acid-base neutralization and oxidation reduction; spraying ammonia water or urea into a proper area of the hearth to realize SNCR denitration in the furnace; the layer combustion boiler structure can reduce environmental protection investment, reduce boiler occupation and improve economy without arranging a desulfurization and denitrification device outside a hearth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first schematic view of a boiler structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a second schematic view of a boiler structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
| 1-a boiler barrel; | 2-a main hearth; | 3-fire grate; |
| 4-an auxiliary hearth; | 5-convection heating surface; | 6, a tail flue; |
| 7-an economizer; | 8-an air preheater; | 9-a first nozzle; |
| 10-a second nozzle; | 11-a denitration device; | 12-convection pass; |
| 13-an adapter. |
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a boiler structure, referring to fig. 1, comprising a vertically installed hearth and a tail flue 6, wherein a first nozzle 9 and a second nozzle 10 are arranged on the side wall of the top of the hearth at intervals, the first nozzle 9 is used for spraying calcium oxide powder or calcium carbonate powder into the hearth, and the second nozzle 10 is used for spraying ammonia water or urea into the hearth.
By spraying calcium oxide powder or calcium carbonate powder into proper areas of the hearth, the calcium powder can react with acidic substances in the flue gas, and the desulfurization in the hearth can be realized through acid-base neutralization and oxidation reduction. By spraying ammonia water or urea into proper areas of the hearth, SNCR denitration in the furnace can be realized. The layer combustion boiler structure can reduce environmental protection investment, reduce boiler occupation and improve economy without arranging the desulfurization and denitrification device 11 outside the hearth.
Further, the boiler structure is applicable to both the layer combustion boiler shown in fig. 1 and the chain boiler shown in fig. 2.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the hearth includes a main hearth 2 and an auxiliary hearth 4, the auxiliary hearth 4 is arranged at the rear part of the main hearth 2 side by side, a convection channel 12 is arranged at the rear part of the auxiliary hearth 4 side by side, the top end of the main hearth 2 is communicated with the top end of the auxiliary hearth 4, the bottom end of the auxiliary hearth 4 is communicated with the bottom end of the convection channel 12, and the top end of the convection channel 12 is communicated with the tail flue 6.
The rear part of the main furnace 2 is the rear side along the flow direction of the flue gas, namely the position where the flue gas flows to. The auxiliary hearth 4 and the convection channel 12 are also vertically arranged and are sequentially connected with the main hearth 2 side by side. The layer combustion boiler is provided with an auxiliary hearth 4 and a convection channel 12 at the rear side of the main hearth 2. Flue gas generated by combustion of fuel in the main furnace 2 flows into the auxiliary furnace 4 through the top outlet, then flows into the convection channel 12 from the top to the bottom of the auxiliary furnace 4, and then flows into the tail flue 6.
The layer combustion boiler structure is characterized in that the auxiliary hearth 4 and the convection channel 12 are sequentially arranged in parallel behind the main hearth 2, the top of the main hearth 2 is communicated with the auxiliary hearth 4, and the bottom of the auxiliary hearth 4 is communicated with the convection channel 12, so that the main hearth 2, the auxiliary hearth 4 and the convection channel 12 form an S-shaped three-return flue gas channel, the flowing distance of flue gas can be effectively increased, the combustion time of fuel, namely coal dust, in the boiler is increased, and the combustion efficiency is improved; the method reduces the insufficiently combusted products in the flue gas, is favorable for reducing the discharge of sulfur oxides, reduces the environmental protection investment and improves the economy.
Further, membrane water walls are attached to the peripheral side walls of the main hearth 2 and the auxiliary hearth 4; the side wall of the convection channel 12 is also provided with a membrane water-cooled wall, and a convection heating surface 5 is arranged in the convection channel 12 so as to improve the use efficiency of heat. The membrane water-cooled wall is connected with a down pipe which is connected with the boiler barrel 1.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiment, the first nozzles 9 are arranged at the top of the side walls of the main furnace 2, and the first nozzles 9 are arranged towards the top inlet of the auxiliary furnace 4; the second nozzle 10 is arranged at the top of the side wall of the auxiliary hearth 4 and is positioned at a position corresponding to the top inlet position of the auxiliary hearth 4.
The present embodiment proposes that calcium oxide powder can be sprayed at the outlet of the primary furnace 2 and at the inlet of the secondary furnace 4. For the layer combustion boiler, the smoke temperature at the outlet of the main hearth 2 and the inlet of the auxiliary hearth 4 is generally 850-950 ℃, and the acid-base neutralization and oxidation-reduction reaction are preferably carried out, wherein the specific reaction formula is as follows:
CaO+SO 2 +1/2O 2 →CaSO 4 ；
CaO＋SO 3 →CaSO 4 ；
further, the calcium oxide powder can be ground to 200 meshes and sprayed into the hearth, so that the reaction efficiency is improved. The calcium oxide powder can be placed in a storage box, the storage box is connected with a nozzle, and a certain amount of calcium oxide powder is conveyed to the nozzle each time and is sprayed into a hearth through air flow.
The second nozzle 10 may be disposed toward the center of the auxiliary furnace 4 and at the same height as the top inlet of the auxiliary furnace 4, so that the flue gas entering the auxiliary furnace 4 is fully mixed with ammonia water or urea for reaction.
The first nozzle 9 is arranged in the main hearth 2, and the second nozzle 10 is arranged in the auxiliary hearth 4, so that calcium oxide powder and ammonia water or urea react with flue gas in different areas, and the mutual influence of the calcium oxide powder and the ammonia water or urea can be avoided to reduce desulfurization and denitrification efficiency; and the flue gas passes through the calcium oxide powder and then ammonia water or urea, so that the moisture absorption and inactivation of the calcium oxide powder and the corrosion can be avoided.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, a denitration device 11 is provided in the convection channel 12 at a region where the smoke temperature is 300-350 ℃. And reserving the installation space of the denitration device 11 in the area of 300-350 ℃ of smoke temperature inside the convection channel 12 to realize denitration in the furnace. The denitration device 11 may be a denitration catalyst (SCR module).
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the bottom of the main hearth 2 is provided with the fire grate 3, the bottom of the main hearth 2 covers the fire grate 3, the cross-sectional areas of the middle and top of the main hearth 2 are smaller than those of the bottom, the auxiliary hearth 4 is in a bent shape, and an adapter 13 is arranged between the bottom end of the auxiliary hearth 4 and the bottom end of the convection channel 12.
Namely, the fire grate 3 is all positioned in the main hearth 2, compared with the original single hearth, the fire grate 3 has the unchanged arrangement structure, the cross section of the middle part and the top part of the main hearth 2 is reduced so as to reduce the occupied width of the main hearth 2, and the auxiliary hearth 4 and the convection channel 12 are arranged side by side.
The auxiliary hearth 4 and the convection channel 12 are arranged side by side with the top and the middle of the main hearth 2, and the bottom of the auxiliary hearth 4 can be bent to enable an outlet to face to one side above the fire grate 3; the convection channel 12 can be arranged side by side with the auxiliary furnace 4 at the top and the middle, and the bottom can be bent to enable the outlet to face to one side; the outlet at the bottom of the convection pass 12 can be located above the outlet at the bottom of the auxiliary furnace 4. In order to facilitate the communication between the bottom of the auxiliary furnace 4 and the bottom of the convection channel 12, a transition portion 13 may be provided, which communicates with both, and the flue gas is diverted at the transition portion 13 and flows into the convection channel 12.
The arrangement structure can reduce the structural change of the existing boiler grate 3, can add the auxiliary hearth 4 and the convection channel 12 on the basis of the existing grate 3, can improve the combustion efficiency on the basis of the original fuel combustion amount, and reduces the pollutant emission.
Further, the bottom and middle of the main furnace 2 may be bent.
On the basis of the embodiment, further, a convection heating surface 5 is arranged in the convection channel 12, and an economizer 7 and an air preheater 8 are sequentially arranged on the tail flue 6 along the flow direction of the flue gas. Improving the heat utilization efficiency.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, this embodiment provides a boiler desulfurization and denitrification method based on the layer combustion boiler structure described in any one of the above embodiments, including: spraying calcium oxide powder into the inner top end of the main hearth 2; ammonia water or urea is sprayed into the inner top end of the auxiliary furnace chamber 4.
Through spraying calcium oxide powder into the hearth, the desulfurization in the furnace can be realized through acid-base neutralization and oxidation-reduction reaction, the operation is simple and convenient, the environmental protection investment is small, and the economical efficiency is excellent. By spraying ammonia water or urea into the hearth, denitration in the furnace can be realized.
Because the calcium oxide powder has hygroscopicity, reacts with water to generate alkali, has corrosiveness and is accompanied by a large amount of heat generation, the calcium oxide powder is sprayed firstly to perform desulfurization, and then ammonia water or urea is sprayed to perform denitration, so that the smooth performance of desulfurization and denitration is ensured.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the spraying of the calcium oxide powder into the inner top end of the main furnace 2 is specifically: spraying calcium oxide powder into the area with the smoke temperature of 850-950 ℃ at the top outlet of the main hearth 2 and the top inlet of the auxiliary hearth 4; the temperature of the area is proper, which is favorable for the mixing reaction of the calcium oxide powder, and the sulfur oxide in the flue gas at the temperature is more, which is favorable for improving the desulfurization effect. Further, the calcium oxide powder can be ground to 200 meshes and sprayed into the hearth, so that the mixing reaction efficiency can be improved.
The spraying of ammonia water or urea into the inner top end of the auxiliary furnace 4 is specifically as follows: ammonia water or urea is sprayed into the area with the smoke temperature of 850-950 ℃ at the inlet of the auxiliary furnace chamber 4. The temperature of the area is proper, which is favorable for denitration reaction.
On the basis of the embodiment, further, the calcium oxide powder is injected into the main hearth 2 by compressed air; ammonia water or urea is sprayed into the auxiliary furnace 4 in a pump conveying and compressed air atomizing mode. The flow rate of the compressed air for spraying the calcium oxide powder is determined according to the weight of the calcium oxide powder and the type of pneumatic conveying device for spraying the compressed air; the weight of the calcium oxide powder is determined according to the desulfurization requirement of the boiler. Likewise, the flow rate of the compressed air for spraying the ammonia water or the urea is determined according to the weight of the ammonia water or the urea and the type of the pneumatic conveying device; the weight of ammonia water or urea is determined according to the denitration requirement of the boiler.
On the basis of the embodiment, further, the interval time between the spraying of the calcium oxide powder to the inner top end of the main hearth 2 and the spraying of the ammonia water or urea to the inner top end of the auxiliary hearth 4 is greater than or equal to the preset time; the distance between the spraying area of the calcium oxide powder and the spraying area of the ammonia water or urea is larger than or equal to a preset distance. So as to avoid the calcium oxide powder contacting ammonia water, reacting with water to generate alkali, causing corrosion to the nozzle and affecting the normal operation of desulfurization and denitrification.
Further, the desulfurization and denitrification method of the boiler specifically comprises the following steps: and CaO powder ground to 200 meshes is sprayed into the smoke temperature region of 850-950 ℃ at the outlet of the main hearth 2 and the inlet of the auxiliary hearth 4, so that desulfurization in the furnace is realized. The CaO powder is sprayed into the hearth by adopting compressed air, so that the CaO powder is convenient to fully mix and react in the hearth. At the inlet of the auxiliary furnace chamber 4, ammonia water (or urea) is sprayed into the region with the smoke temperature of 850-950 ℃ to realize SNCR denitration in the furnace.
And reserving an installation space of an SCR module (denitration catalyst) in a convection heating surface 5 at the smoke temperature of 300-350 ℃ to realize SCR denitration in the furnace. The ammonia water (or urea) adopts a pump conveyor and compressed air atomization mode, so that the ammonia water (or urea) is gasified and mixed in the hearth rapidly to ensure full reaction.
It should be noted that CaO powder is hygroscopic, reacts with water to form alkali, is corrosive, and is accompanied by a large amount of heat generation, and has the following reaction formula: caO+H 2 O→Ca(OH) 2 . Therefore, the spray of CaO powder needs to be before the spray of ammonia water (or urea) and a certain safety distance is kept, so that the spray nozzle is prevented from being corroded by alkali.
According to the layer combustion boiler structure and the boiler desulfurization and denitration method provided by the embodiments, calcium oxide powder and ammonia water (or urea) are sprayed into a proper area of a hearth, and a denitration catalyst installation space is reserved in a proper area of a convection heating surface 5, so that desulfurization and denitration in the boiler are realized. Solves the problem of SO control in the combustion process of the coal-fired industrial boiler 2 、NO x The generated problem of the boiler tail pollutant treatment intensity is reduced; the structure of the boiler system is simplified. The environmental protection emission requirements are met, the investment of environmental protection equipment and the running cost of the environmental protection equipment are reduced, and a placing space is reserved for other equipment; has better economic benefit and social benefit.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The boiler structure comprises a vertically installed hearth and a tail flue, and is characterized in that a first nozzle and a second nozzle are arranged on the side wall of the top of the hearth at intervals, the first nozzle is used for spraying calcium powder into the hearth, and the second nozzle is used for spraying ammonia water or urea into the hearth; wherein the calcium powder comprises calcium carbonate powder or calcium oxide powder;
the hearth comprises a main hearth and an auxiliary hearth, wherein the auxiliary hearth is arranged at the rear part of the main hearth side by side, a convection channel is arranged at the rear part of the auxiliary hearth side by side, the top end of the main hearth is communicated with the top end of the auxiliary hearth, the bottom end of the auxiliary hearth is communicated with the bottom end of the convection channel, and the top end of the convection channel is communicated with a tail flue;
the first nozzle is arranged at the top of the side wall of the main hearth and is arranged towards the top inlet of the auxiliary hearth; the second nozzle is arranged at the top of the side wall of the auxiliary hearth and is positioned at a position corresponding to the top inlet position of the auxiliary hearth;
the bottom of the main hearth is provided with a fire grate, the bottom of the main hearth covers the fire grate, the cross-sectional areas of the middle part and the top of the main hearth are smaller than those of the bottom, the auxiliary hearth is in a bent shape, and an adapter part is arranged between the bottom of the auxiliary hearth and the bottom of the convection channel;
the auxiliary hearth and the convection channel are arranged side by side with the top and the middle of the main hearth, and the bottom of the auxiliary hearth is bent to enable the outlet to face to one side above the fire grate; the convection channel is arranged side by side with the auxiliary hearth at the top and the middle part, the bottom is bent to enable the outlet to face to one side, and the bottom outlet of the convection channel is positioned above the bottom outlet of the auxiliary hearth;
wherein the main hearth, the auxiliary hearth and the convection channel form an S-shaped three-return flue gas channel;
wherein the spraying of calcium powder into the inner top end of the main hearth comprises the following steps: spraying calcium powder into the area with the smoke temperature of 850-950 ℃ at the top outlet of the main hearth and the top inlet of the auxiliary hearth;
the spraying of ammonia water or urea into the top end of the interior of the auxiliary hearth is specifically as follows: ammonia water or urea is sprayed into the area with the smoke temperature of 850-950 ℃ at the inlet of the auxiliary furnace chamber.
2. A boiler structure according to claim 1, characterized in that a denitrification device is provided inside the convection pass at a zone where the smoke temperature is 300-350 ℃.
3. The boiler structure according to claim 1, characterized in that a convection heating surface is arranged in the convection channel, and an economizer and an air preheater are arranged on the tail flue in sequence along the flow direction of the flue gas.
4. A method for desulfurizing and denitrating in a boiler based on the boiler structure of any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:
spraying calcium powder into the top end of the inner part of the main hearth;
ammonia water or urea is sprayed into the top end of the interior of the auxiliary furnace chamber.
5. The desulfurization and denitrification method according to claim 4, wherein the injection of calcium powder into the inner top end of the main furnace is specifically: spraying calcium powder into the area with the smoke temperature of 850-950 ℃ at the top outlet of the main hearth and the top inlet of the auxiliary hearth;
spraying ammonia water or urea into the top end of the interior of the auxiliary hearth is specifically as follows: ammonia water or urea is sprayed into the area with the smoke temperature of 850-950 ℃ at the inlet of the auxiliary furnace chamber.
6. The method for desulfurization and denitrification in a boiler according to claim 4, wherein the calcium powder is injected into the main hearth by compressed air; ammonia water or urea is conveyed by a pump and sprayed into the auxiliary hearth in a compressed air atomizing mode.
7. The method for desulfurization and denitrification in a boiler according to claim 4, wherein the interval between the injection of calcium powder into the inner top end of the main hearth and the injection of ammonia water or urea into the inner top end of the auxiliary hearth is greater than or equal to a preset time; the distance between the spraying area of the calcium powder and the spraying area of the ammonia water or the urea is larger than or equal to a preset distance.
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