CN110636936A - 使用相交激光束的激光焊接 - Google Patents

使用相交激光束的激光焊接 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110636936A
CN110636936A CN201880032516.0A CN201880032516A CN110636936A CN 110636936 A CN110636936 A CN 110636936A CN 201880032516 A CN201880032516 A CN 201880032516A CN 110636936 A CN110636936 A CN 110636936A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
laser
tracking
laser beam
welding
laser beams
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
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CN201880032516.0A
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English (en)
Inventor
斯科特·考德威尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Binengxin Ultrasound Co
Branson Ultrasonics Corp
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Binengxin Ultrasound Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Binengxin Ultrasound Co filed Critical Binengxin Ultrasound Co
Publication of CN110636936A publication Critical patent/CN110636936A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/301—Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
    • B23K26/044—Seam tracking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
    • B23K26/0608—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams in the same heat affected zone [HAZ]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/324—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1664—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B29C65/1667—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous laser welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B29C66/91931—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
    • B29C65/1616—Near infrared radiation [NIR], e.g. by YAG lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1674—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of laser diodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • B29C66/2424—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain
    • B29C66/24243—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a quadrilateral
    • B29C66/24244—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a quadrilateral forming a rectangle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B29C66/91931—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/91933—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined higher than said fusion temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B29C66/91931—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/91935—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined lower than said fusion temperature

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

使用相交多束追踪激光焊接将塑料部件焊接成具有真实3D立体焊缝，其中，将具有相同波长的多个点激光束引导到塑料部件，使得激光束在沿着塑料部件中之一内的焊接路径的点处、以在十度与九十度之间的相交角度范围内的角度彼此相交。多个激光束被追踪，使得多个激光束的相交点沿焊接路径追踪以沿塑料体积内部的接合处形成呈线形、曲线形、平面或三维的焊接图案。激光束在其中相交的塑料部件对某波长下的激光具有部分吸收性，并且激光束具有该波长。

Description

使用相交激光束的激光焊接
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年5月17日提交的美国临时申请第62/507,268号的权益。以上申请的全部公开内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
公开内容涉及激光焊接。
背景技术
该部分提供了与本公开内容有关的背景信息，该背景信息不一定是现有技术。
追踪激光焊接和扫描激光焊接通常用于将透明塑料部件焊接在一起。点激光通过激光装置和/或激光束、工件或其组合的移动来追踪焊接路径。追踪激光焊接系统使用安装有激光光源的可移动框架例如机架来移动激光束，并且扫描激光焊接系统使用检流计镜来移动激光束。然而，在激光焊接系统的情况下，术语“追踪激光焊接”有时广泛地用于两种类型的激光焊接系统，并且如本文中所使用的“追踪激光焊接”具有这种更广泛的含义。
图1是追踪激光焊接系统10的示意图。追踪激光焊接系统10包括激光器支承单元12，该激光器支承单元12包括控制器14、接口16、激光电源18和冷却器20。追踪激光焊接系统10还包括耦接至激光器支承单元12的激光器22。激光器22包括激光光源24，例如激光二极管。激光光源24生成被引导至焊接在一起的部件28、30的激光束26。激光束26沿焊接路径32追踪以在焊接路径32处将部件28、30焊接在一起。应当理解的是，透明塑料部件是对眼睛透明的(例如，在可见光谱中是透明的)，但是塑料部件中的至少之一由对激光束的波长例如两微米下的激光具有至少部分吸收性的材料制成。在一些情况下，(一个或更多个)透明塑料部件对激光束具有高吸收性。在该情况下，高吸收性意指一个或更多个塑料部件由在激光束的波长下吸收至少百分之六十的材料制成。在这些情况下，激光器与接合处之间的塑料部件通常是薄的，具有1/4英寸或更小的厚度。
因为透明塑料部件在体积上吸收两微米的激光束，所以当用单个激光束沿焊接路径辐射点时，如果激光束的强度足够高到熔化透明塑料部件，则强度会过高而不能使激光束穿透透明塑料部件的材料的任何实质体积。因此，焊接将是表面焊接。此外，激光行进穿过的透明塑料部件因此必须相当薄。因此，利用上述追踪激光焊接，体积内部的真实3D焊缝是实际不可行的。因此，本公开内容的目的是提供可以将透明塑料部件焊接在一起具有真实3D立体焊缝的激光焊接。
发明内容
该部分提供了本公开内容的总体概述，而不是对其全部范围或全部特征的综合公开。
根据一个下述方面或下述方面中的一个，塑料部件在激光焊接系统中被焊接。塑料部件中的至少之一是对吸收波长下的激光具有部分吸收性的部分吸收性塑料部件。
在一方面，塑料部件在具有至少两个追踪激光焊接子系统的相交多束激光焊接系统中被焊接。每个追踪激光焊接系统包括生成具有吸收波长的激光束的激光器。追踪激光焊接子系统被配置成：将其激光束引导到塑料部件，使得激光束在沿着部分吸收性塑料部件内的焊接路径的点处、以在十度与九十度之间的相交角度范围内的角度彼此相交。每个追踪激光焊接子系统被配置成：使得其激光器生成具有以下强度的激光束：比将使得制成部分吸收性塑料部件的材料达到熔化温度的强度低的强度，以及足够高到使得在激光束的相交点处的激光能量的强度足够高以使制成部分吸收性塑料部件的材料达到熔化温度并熔化的强度。
在一方面，追踪激光焊接子系统被配置成追踪其各自的激光束，使得激光束的相交点围绕焊接路径追踪。
在一方面，每个追踪激光焊接子系统包括追踪激光束的检流计镜。
在一方面，每个追踪激光焊接子系统包括生成激光束的激光光源所附于的可移动框架，可移动框架被移动以追踪激光束。
在一方面，追踪激光焊接子系统之一包括追踪激光束的检流计镜，并且追踪激光焊接系统中的另一个包括生成激光束的激光光源所附于的可移动框架，可移动框架被移动以追踪激光束。
根据本文中提供的描述，其他应用领域将变得明显。该概述中的描述和特定示例仅旨在用于说明目的，而不旨在限制本公开内容的范围。
附图说明
本文中描述的附图仅用于所选择的实施方式而非所有可能的实现方式的说明目的，并且不旨在限制本公开内容的范围。
图1是现有技术的追踪激光焊接系统的示例的示意图；
图2是根据本公开内容的一方面的追踪激光焊接系统的示意图；
图3是根据本公开内容的一方面的另一追踪激光焊接系统的示意图；以及
图4是根据本公开内容的一方面的作为图2和图3的激光焊接系统的混合的激光焊接系统的示意图。
贯穿附图的若干视图，对应的附图标记表示对应的部件。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图更完整地描述示例实施方式。
示例实施方式被提供使得本公开内容将是透彻的，并且将更完整地向本领域技术人员传达范围。阐述了许多具体细节例如具体部件、装置以及方法的示例以提供对本公开内容的实施方式的透彻理解。对于本领域技术人员将是明显的是，不需要采用具体细节，示例实施方式可以以许多不同的形式来实施，并且具体细节和示例实施方式均不应当被解释为限制本公开内容的范围。在一些示例实施方式中，并未详细描述公知的过程、公知的装置结构和公知的技术。
本文中使用的术语仅是出于描述特定示例实施方式的目的，而并不旨在限制。如本文中所使用的，除非上下文以其他方式清楚地指示，否则单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”也可以旨在包括复数形式。术语“包括”、“包含”、“含有”和“具有”是包括性的，并且因此指定了存在所陈述的特征、整体、步骤、操作、元素和/或部件，但是不排除存在或附加有一个或更多个其他特征、整体、步骤、操作、元素、部件和/或其组合。除非被具体地标识为执行的顺序，否则本文中描述的方法步骤、处理和操作不应当被解释为必须要求其以所讨论或示出的特定顺序来执行。还应当理解的是，可以采用附加的或替选的步骤。
当元件或层被称为“在……上”、“接合至”、“连接到”或者“耦接至”另一元件或层时，该元件或层可以直接在另一元件或层上，接合、连接或耦接至另一元件或层，或者可以存在中间元件或层。相反，当元件被称为“直接在……上”、“直接接合至”、“直接连接到”或“直接耦合至”另一元件或层时，可以不存在中间元件或层。用于描述元件之间的关系的其他词应当以类似的方式(例如，“在……之间”相对于“直接在……之间”、“相邻”相对于“直接相邻”等)来解释。如在本文中所使用的，术语“和/或”包括相关联列举的项目中的一个或更多个的任意和所有组合。
尽管在本文中可以使用术语第一、第二、第三等来描述各种元件、部件、区域、层和/或部分，但是这些元件、部件、区域、层和/或部分不应当受这些术语限制。这些术语可以仅用于将一个元件、部件、区域、层或部分与另一区域、层或部分区分。在本文中使用诸如“第一”、“第二”的术语以及其他数字术语时，除非由上下文清楚地指示，否则不暗含次序或顺序。因此，下面讨论的第一元件、部件、区域、层或部分在不背离示例实施方式的教示的情况下可以被称为第二元件、部件、区域、层或部分。
为了便于描述，在本文中可以使用空间相对术语例如“内部”、“外部”、“之下”、“下方”、“下部”、“上方”、“上部”等来描述如图所示的一个元件或特征与另一(另外的)元件或特征的关系。空间相对术语可以旨在包含使用或操作中的装置除了在附图中描绘的取向以外的不同取向。例如，如果附图中的装置被翻转，则被描述为其他元件或特征“下方”或“之下”的元件将被定位在其他元件或特征“上方”。因此，示例术语“下方”可以包含上方和下方的取向两者。装置可以以其他方式取向(旋转90度或处于其他取向)，并且本文中使用的空间相对描述符被相应地解释。
根据本公开内容的一方面，使用相交多束追踪激光焊接将塑料部件焊接成具有真实3D立体焊缝，其中，具有相同波长的多个点激光束被引导到部件，使得激光束在沿着塑料部件之一内的焊接路径的点处、以在十度与九十度之间的相交角度范围内的角度彼此相交。多个激光束被追踪，使得多个激光束的相交点沿焊接路径追踪以沿塑料体积内部的接合处形成呈线形、曲线形、平面或三维的焊接图案。
激光束在其中相交的塑料部件对某波长下的激光具有部分吸收性，并且激光束具有该波长。激光束在其中相交的塑料部件在本文中可以被称为部分吸收性塑料部件。在本文中，部分吸收性塑料部件的部分吸收性材料对在某波长下的激光具有部分吸收性的该波长有时可以被称为吸收波长。应当理解的是，部分吸收性部件对激光具有仅部分吸收性而不具有完全吸收性。说明性地，部分吸收性塑料部件具有百分之十五至百分之八十的范围内的吸收率。说明性地，该吸收波长为两微米，因为聚合物通常对约两微米的波长下的激光具有部分吸收性。应当理解的是，该吸收波长可以不是两微米，并且取决于制成激光束在其中相交的部分吸收性塑料部件的材料。应当理解的是，另一部件也可以对吸收波长下的激光具有部分吸收性，但是还可以对吸收波长下的激光具有透射性或可以是不透明的。应当理解的是，塑料部件可以是对眼睛透明的、有色的、对眼睛不透明的，但是部件中的至少之一对吸收波长下的激光具有部分吸收性。
每个激光束的强度低于使得部分吸收性塑料部件的聚合物熔化的强度。在激光束相交的点处，强度等于或高于使得部分吸收性塑料部件的聚合物熔化的强度。激光束以在十度与九十度之间的相交角度范围内的角度相交。激光束彼此相交的该角度例如被启发式地确定为使部分吸收性透明塑料部件中激光束相交的期望部分熔化。应当理解的是，可以使用多于两个的相交激光束，并且如上所述确定任何两个相交激光束之间的角度。在一方面，部件是透明塑料部件，这意味着部件是对眼睛透明的(即，在可见光谱中是透明的)。
图3是根据本公开内容的一方面的用于焊接透明塑料部件202、204的相交多束追踪激光焊接系统200的简化示意图。相交多束追踪激光焊接系统200包括多个追踪激光焊接子系统201，在图2示出的示例中说明性地为两个追踪激光焊接子系统201。每个追踪激光焊接子系统201包括激光器206以及与该激光器206相关联的检流计镜208。相交多束追踪激光焊接系统200包括控制器210，控制器210被配置成控制激光器206和检流计镜208。在激光焊接中，检流计镜通常被称为检流计(Galvo)镜，并且是通过使具有检流计设置的镜旋转来移动激光束的装置。由激光器206生成的激光束212在沿着部分吸收性塑料部件202中的焊接路径214的点处彼此相交，该部分吸收性塑料部件202对在激光束212的波长处的激光具有部分吸收性，并且激光束212被移动，使得激光束212的相交点沿焊接路径214追踪以形成真实3D立体焊缝216。在这方面，当使激光束212沿焊接路径214追踪时，激光束212在沿着焊接路径的点处彼此相交。激光束212各自具有部分吸收性塑料部件202对在吸收波长下的激光具有吸收性的吸收波长，例如两微米。每个激光器206由控制器210控制以生成其强度小于使得制成部分吸收性塑料部件202的材料达到熔化温度所需的强度的激光束212。激光束212在沿着焊接路径214的点处相交的激光能量的强度等于或高于使得制成部分吸收性塑料部件202的材料达到熔化温度并熔化的强度。
图3是根据本公开内容的一方面的相交多束追踪激光焊接系统300的简化示意图，该图是相交多束追踪焊接系统200的变型，并且将仅讨论区别。在相交多束追踪激光焊接系统300中，追踪激光焊接子系统301具有附于能够相对于被焊接的部件202、204移动的可移动框架302的激光器206。控制器210被配置成控制框架302相对于部件202、204的移动以移动激光束212，使得激光束212的相交点沿焊接路径214追踪。
图4是根据本公开内容的一方面的相交多束追踪激光焊接系统400的简化示意图，该图是相交多束追踪焊接系统200和300的变型，并且将仅讨论区别。多束追踪激光焊接系统400是相交多束激光焊接系统200(图2)和300(图3)的混合。多束追踪激光焊接系统400包括具有激光器206以及与激光器206相关联的检流计镜208的追踪激光焊接子系统201。多束追踪激光焊接系统400还包括具有附于可移动框架302'的激光器206的追踪激光焊接系统301'。控制器210被配置成控制检流计镜208以移动由与检流计镜208相关联的激光器206生成的激光束212，并且控制可移动框架302'相对于部件202、204的移动以移动激光束212，使得激光束212的相交点沿焊接路径214追踪。
应当理解的是，部分吸收性塑料部件202可以由对不是两微米的吸收波长下的激光具有部分吸收性的材料制成。在该情况下，激光束212将具有该吸收波长。
控制器210可以是或包括以下装置中的任何一个：数字处理器(DSP)、微处理器、微控制器或利用实现上述逻辑的软件来编程的其他可编程装置。应当理解的是，替选地是或包括诸如现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)或专用集成电路(ASIC)的其他逻辑器件。当陈述控制器210执行功能或被配置成执行功能时，应当理解的是，控制器210被配置成利用适当的逻辑(例如以软件、逻辑装置或其组合)这样做。当陈述控制器210具有功能的逻辑时，应当理解的是，这样的逻辑可以包括硬件、软件或其组合。
出于说明和描述的目的提供了对实施方式的前述描述。这不旨在穷举或限制本公开内容。特定实施方式的各个元件或特征通常不限于该特定实施方式，而是在适用的情况下可互换并且可以用于所选择的实施方式中，即便没有具体示出或描述。特定实施方式的各个元件或特征还可以以许多方式变化。这样的变型不被视为背离本公开内容，并且所有这样的修改旨在被包括在本公开内容的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种将多个塑料部件激光焊接在一起的方法，其中，所述塑料部件中的至少一个塑料部件对吸收波长下的激光具有部分吸收性，所述方法包括：
将所述塑料部件保持在一起；
生成多个激光束；
将所述多个激光束引导到所述塑料部件，使得这些激光束在沿着部分吸收性部件内的焊接路径的点处、以在十度与九十度之间的相交角度范围内的角度彼此相交；并且
其中，生成所述多个激光束包括：生成每个激光束以使其具有：作为所述吸收波长的波长，以及比将使得制成部分吸收性塑料部件的材料达到熔化温度的强度低的强度，以及足够高到使得在激光束的相交点处的激光能量的强度足够高到使制成部分吸收性塑料部件的材料达到熔化温度并熔化的强度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括：追踪所述多个激光束，使得所述多个激光束的相交点围绕所述焊接路径追踪。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，追踪每个激光束包括：利用检流计镜追踪每个激光束。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，追踪所述激光束包括：移动生成所述激光束的激光器所附于的可移动框架，以追踪所述激光束。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，追踪激光束包括：利用检流计镜追踪所述激光束中的一个激光束，并且追踪所述激光束中的另一激光束包括：移动生成所述另一激光束的激光器所附于的可移动框架，以追踪所述另一激光束。
6.一种相交多束激光焊接系统，用于将在所述激光焊接系统中接收的多个塑料部件焊接在一起，其中，所述塑料部件中的至少一个塑料部件对吸收波长下的激光具有部分吸收性，所述激光焊接系统包括：
至少两个追踪激光焊接子系统，所述追踪激光焊接子系统各自具有生成具有所述吸收波长的激光束的激光器；
所述追踪激光焊接子系统被配置成：将其激光束引导到所述塑料部件，使得所述激光束在沿着部分吸收性塑料部件内的焊接路径的点处、以在十度与九十度之间的相交角度范围内的角度彼此相交；并且
每个追踪激光焊接子系统被配置成：使得其激光器生成具有以下强度的激光束：比将使得制成所述部分吸收性塑料部件的材料达到熔化温度的强度低的强度，以及足够高到使得在激光束的相交点处的激光能量的强度足够高到使制成所述部分吸收性塑料部件的材料达到熔化温度并熔化的强度。
7.根据权利要求6所述的激光焊接系统，其中，所述追踪激光焊接子系统被配置成追踪其各自的激光束，使得所述激光束的相交点围绕所述焊接路径追踪。
8.根据权利要求7所述的激光焊接系统，其中，每个追踪激光焊接子系统包括追踪激光束的检流计镜。
9.根据权利要求7所述的激光焊接系统，其中，每个追踪激光焊接子系统包括生成激光束的激光器所附于的可移动框架，所述可移动框架被移动以追踪激光束。
10.根据权利要求7所述的激光焊接系统，其中，所述追踪激光焊接子系统中的一个追踪激光焊接子系统包括追踪激光束的检流计镜，并且所述追踪激光焊接系统中的另一追踪激光焊接系统包括生成激光束的激光光源所附于的可移动框架，所述可移动框架被移动以追踪激光束。
CN201880032516.0A 2017-05-17 2018-04-25 使用相交激光束的激光焊接 Pending CN110636936A (zh)

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