CN110635544A - Vehicle-mounted charging system for automobile - Google Patents
Vehicle-mounted charging system for automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN110635544A CN110635544A CN201910869399.XA CN201910869399A CN110635544A CN 110635544 A CN110635544 A CN 110635544A CN 201910869399 A CN201910869399 A CN 201910869399A CN 110635544 A CN110635544 A CN 110635544A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
- H02M1/126—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output using passive filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
- H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for applying the third generation semiconductor technology to an automobile-mounted charging system, and provides an improved variable current intermittent charging method, which can automatically control the charging process according to the presetting, so that the charging current is approximate to the acceptable charging current curve of a storage battery on the whole, and the influence of the charging polarization of the storage battery is weakened. The charging data can be automatically acquired, displayed in real time, stored in batches, analyzed and processed in the charging process, the requirements of different users on the charging of the storage battery can be met, and the charging system has better universality. The stable direct current voltage is ensured to be output, and the phase and the power factor of the input current are improved. The experimental result shows that the charger has the advantages of small volume, light weight, simple use, no maintenance, high efficiency, energy conservation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an energy technology, in particular to an automobile-mounted charging system.
Background
With the low-carbon economy becoming the main melody of economic development in China, the electric automobile serving as an important component of a new energy strategy and an intelligent power grid is bound to become the key point of development of automobile industry and energy industry in the future, a matched electric automobile charger also becomes a new industry, and technical requirements and innovation of the electric automobile charger are also scheduled.
The traditional charger adopts a phase-controlled power supply, and the transformer used by the charger is a power frequency power supply transformer, so that the charger is large in size, low in efficiency and poor in dynamic response; the power regulating tube of the linear power supply always works in an amplification area, the power loss is large, and a heat radiating fin with large volume needs to be assembled, so that the application of the power regulating tube in an electric automobile charger is limited. Therefore, the high-frequency switching power supply technology is adopted, and an improved variable current intermittent charging method is provided, so that the charging current is close to an acceptable charging current curve of the storage battery on the whole, and the charging requirement of the electric automobile is met.
In the aspect of charging technology, the charging process requirements of the storage battery cannot be guaranteed by traditional manual charging, and the service life of the storage battery is seriously influenced. The practice at home and abroad for many years proves that the floating charge voltage deviation of the storage battery is 5%, and the floating charge service life of the battery is reduced by half. Statistical data show that domestic storage batteries are difficult to reach the specified floating charge service life (generally 12-16 years), and a large number of storage batteries are scrapped after being used for several years, so that huge economic loss is caused. Therefore, how to correctly monitor and measure the charging state of the storage battery, reduce the charging loss, improve the charging speed and prolong the service life of the storage battery has very important economic significance. In addition, the conventional PFC control adopts voltage directly as a reference value of current, and hardware implementation is easy, but under the condition that harmonic waves exist in the grid voltage, the corrected input current still has the possibility of generating harmonic waves, and the PFC performance is reduced. In a high-power electronic circuit, the main reason for low circuit power factor is related to the harmonic of the circuit, so that the reduction of the harmonic of the input current is the key for improving the power factor, and the traditional PID control cannot realize error-free tracking on the changed current, so that the key for the PFC circuit is how to further reduce the input current harmonic and improve the PF value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention can be used in a vehicle-mounted charging system of the electric automobile, realizes energy interaction (V2G) between the electric automobile and a power grid, utilizes a large amount of energy storage sources of the electric automobile as the buffer of the power grid and renewable energy, reduces the influence of large-scale electric automobile access on the power grid, further reduces input current harmonic waves and improves the PF value.
The utility model provides an on-vehicle charging system of car which characterized in that: the vehicle-mounted charging system for the automobile comprises: hardware circuitry and software algorithm program modules;
the hardware circuit system comprises a main circuit power unit and a peripheral hardware circuit;
the software algorithm system comprises a control algorithm module and a battery charging algorithm module;
the main circuit power unit includes: the charging system comprises a rectifying circuit, a direct current chopping voltage reduction circuit, a switching power supply full-bridge conversion circuit and a control circuit of the charging system;
the peripheral hardware circuit includes: an auxiliary power supply, a driving circuit and signal conditioning;
the control algorithm module comprises: the Power Factor Correction (PFC) module and the inversion grid-connected module;
the battery charging algorithm module intelligently identifies the type of the rechargeable battery, and automatically generates an optimal charging curve according to the information of the rechargeable battery, so that the battery is fully charged in the shortest time.
Preferably, the rectifying current module comprises an input contactor of Q1, a fuse of FU1-3, an FL1-3 input ripple, an upper contactor Q2 and upper resistors R1-R3, and is used for safety protection of an electric vehicle charging system during power-on and preventing power-on impact; the rectification current module adopts a PWM rectification module to realize bidirectional flow of energy, and the FL1-3 input ripple wave device is used for reducing EMI.
The input of the main circuit is 380V alternating current which is rectified by a three-phase bridge to obtain about 540V direct current.
Preferably, the bidirectional charging system performs automatic acquisition, real-time display, batch storage and analysis processing of charging data in the charging process.
Under the condition that the power grid energy is sufficient, the energy flow of the electric automobile flows from the power grid to the battery of the electric automobile to charge the battery, so that the electric requirement of the electric automobile is met. However, if the electric vehicle is in a stopped state or left for a period of time, the power flow is from the battery to the grid in order to maintain the healthy life of the battery, or in the case of insufficient grid energy. Therefore, energy flow can be realized, namely, the battery can be charged from the power grid, and energy can be reversely poured from the battery to the power grid, so that the bidirectional requirement is met.
Preferably, the dc chopper buck circuit comprises a switching device VT1 and a voltage-sharing circuit; the chopping control is realized by the switching device VT1, and the former voltage is dropped into a stable 500V dc voltage, which is supplied to the full-bridge inverter circuit.
Preferably, the full-bridge conversion circuit of the switching power supply realizes the isolation of output and input.
The power units B1-B4 of the main circuit are made of third-generation semiconductor silicon carbide (SiC) materials, the voltage level of the power units can directly meet the requirement of quick charging of direct-current high voltage 1700V, the switching frequency can reach 30kHz, and therefore the inductance L of an input end can be reduced1So that the current harmonic wave is reduced and the voltage U is reduceddRipple waves are reduced, and Lr and Cr are resonance circuits of the full-bridge conversion circuit of the switching power supply, so that effective oscillation of charging current and voltage is realized. The main circuit power units B1-B4 adopt a switch power supply special integrated chip SG3 to generate switch control signals, the full-bridge conversion circuit generates alternating high-frequency voltage which is coupled by a high-frequency transformer T, and then stable direct-current voltage output is obtained by high-frequency rectifier tubes VD2 and VD 3.
Preferably, the control circuit of the charging system is formed by a DSP core, and resources of the control circuit further comprise a liquid crystal display, a keyboard, A/D sampling of current, voltage and temperature, a clock display and a relay control.
Preferably, the digital control signal generated by the DSP is converted by DA and used as an input of the integrated chip SG3525 for switching power supply in analog form to control the output voltage or current of the charger.
Preferably, the auxiliary power supply circuit adopts an LM2596 integrated switching power supply chip to convert the input 12V voltage into 5V and 3.3V; wherein 5V is converted into +/-5V through a DC-DC0505 chip to supply power for the operational amplifier, and 3.3V is used for supplying power for the current sensor and the operational amplifier output clamping circuit.
Preferably, the driving circuit includes: the drive circuit adopts an independent flyback switching power supply to provide drive voltage for the IGBT switching tube, and the DR-POW2 is a flyback switching power supply module.
Preferably, the signal conditioning circuit conditions bidirectional AC-DC input and output voltage, and an output signal passes through the voltage follower, is subjected to impedance matching and isolation, and is finally input into the DSP; clamping diodes are added to the input and the output of the conditioning circuit, so that interference pulses are prevented from damaging an ADC sampling port, the ADC sampling port is used as a protection circuit, and peak interference is suppressed.
Preferably, the power factor correction PFC comprises: the system comprises a single-phase-locked loop, a three-phase-locked loop and a control module; the PFC adopts a generalized two-integral (SOGI) -based algorithm, a single-phase-locked loop provides a reference current amplitude and current phase angle information of a power grid for a control module of the PFC, an analog three-phase-locked loop generates two orthogonal vectors by using a generalized second-order integral method, after PARK conversion, the orthogonal vectors are controlled by using PI to obtain a phase change value of the power grid, and then integration is carried out to obtain the current phase of the power grid, so that the current amplitude of the power grid can be obtained.
Due to the adoption of an integral mode, the algorithm has better robustness to the problems of input signal frequency fluctuation, harmonic distortion and the like. The output phase angle of the phase-locked loop is filtered by a hysteresis comparator, so that phase angle fluctuation caused by harmonic waves is avoided, and the system stability is improved. The current inner loop adopts a combined control strategy of parallel connection of PI control and repetitive control (RP), so that current harmonics are effectively inhibited while good current dynamic response performance is obtained, and the system has good robustness.
Preferably, the grid-connected inverter comprises a CLLC circuit, the grid-connected inverter is an inverse process of PFC, and the CLLC circuit controls a voltage on a side of a dc bus during the inverter, and compared with a PFC control frame, an outer voltage loop is omitted, and an inner current loop is directly given by a control command.
The traditional charging method has long charging time and is far from being suitable for the charging requirement of the electric automobile. The data show that it generally takes about 20 hours to fill using conventional constant voltage or constant current charging methods. On the other hand, the charging technology cannot adapt to the charging requirement of the storage battery, and the service life of the storage battery is seriously influenced. Therefore, when software is designed, the type of the rechargeable battery is intelligently identified, an optimal charging curve is automatically generated according to the information of the rechargeable battery, and the battery is guaranteed to be fully charged in the shortest time efficiently. Because the automatically generated optimal charging curve is consistent with the curve provided by the manufacturer, the battery is ensured to be in an ideal state all the time in the charging process, thereby prolonging the service life of the battery.
A charging method of a charging system comprises four working modes of charging mode selection, testing mode, parameter setting and clock setting.
Preferably, the charging mode selection is to enable a charger user to select one charging mode to charge the storage battery according to the state of the storage battery, and the testing mode is mainly used when the charger is debugged; in the test mode, when constant voltage or constant current control is observed, the deviation between the given voltage and current of the charger and the voltage and constant current measured by an actual multimeter is observed, and the parameter of the charger is corrected according to the measured deviation, so that the given quantity is consistent with the measured quantity, and the sampling quantity display can also be corrected in the test mode; the parameter setting mode is used for setting parameters of various charging modes, and the charging parameters are not set by a charger user; in the clock setting mode, the charger has a clock display function, and the charging mode can enter the clock setting mode when the clock display is incorrect.
After the development of the charger is finished, a plurality of charging tests are carried out on various storage batteries, better charging parameters under various charging modes are summarized according to the charging tests, the charging parameters are stored in the EEPROM, and the charging machine can automatically call the parameters during charging without modifying the charging parameters;
after the charging mode is selected, any one of 4 charging modes can be selected to charge the storage battery. And faults can be continuously detected in the charging process, and if the faults exist, the charging is suspended and the fault reasons are displayed. And if no fault exists, judging whether the charging of the charger is finished. And if the charging is finished, carrying out system initialization to wait for the next charging.
Preferably, the charging mode of the electric system is variable current charging; the variable current charging can be divided into 5 sections, wherein the first 4 sections are constant current charging, and the last section is constant voltage floating charging; the variable current charging mode comprises the following steps: 4 parameter settings of starting charging current, stopping charging voltage, stopping charging time and variable current mode are carried out; by setting the parameters, each charging current, the variable current charging gap time and the charging stopping voltage of the variable current charging are controlled.
By setting these parameters, it is possible to control each charging current, the variable current charging gap time and the stop charging voltage of the variable current charging. When the charger enters a variable current charging mode, if a STOP key is pressed, the charger STOPs outputting until the RUN key is pressed and then resumes outputting. The charging worker is facilitated by the addition of the STOP key, and when the distilled water or the sulfuric acid needs to be added to the storage battery in the charging process, the output of the charger can be stopped by pressing the STOP key without turning off the input power supply of the charger. After the distilled water or the sulfuric acid is added, the output can be recovered only by pressing the RUN key, and the operation is very simple and convenient. The conversion of the variable current charging current is controlled by the charging stop voltage. When the electric quantity of the battery is sufficient, the terminal voltage of the storage battery quickly reaches the charging stop voltage, so that the next stage of low current charging is carried out. Therefore, the variable current charging can effectively protect the storage battery and prevent the storage battery from being overcharged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
drawings
Fig. 1 is a single-phase voltage type PWM rectification main circuit.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an auxiliary power supply.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a driving circuit.
FIG. 4 is a voltage conditioning circuit diagram.
Fig. 5 is a PFC control block diagram.
Fig. 6 is a grid-connected inverter control block diagram.
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing a charging method selection.
Fig. 8 is a diagram of a variable current charging mode.
Fig. 9 is a graph of battery characteristic changes plotted from five-stage charging experimental data.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by persons skilled in the art based on the embodiments in the patent of the invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the patent of the invention.
The invention mainly comprises two parts of hardware circuit design and software design. The hardware circuit part comprises a main circuit power unit, digital control and element parameter design; the software part comprises a PFC part and a grid-connected inversion part. The control strategy part adopts an improved repetitive control + PID algorithm. The bidirectional AC-DC part simultaneously realizes power factor correction and grid-connected inversion, and adopts an improved voltage outer ring and a current inner ring which is formed by combining PID and repeated control. The stable direct current voltage is ensured to be output, and the phase and the power factor of the input current are improved. The DC-DC main circuit power unit is made of a third-generation semiconductor silicon carbide (SiC) material, the voltage level of the DC-DC main circuit power unit can directly meet the requirement of rapid charging of high direct current (1100V), the switching frequency can reach 30kHz, and alternating current harmonic waves at an input end and current ripples at a direct current end can be reduced. An improved variable current intermittent charging method is provided, the charging process can be automatically controlled according to the presetting, the charging current is enabled to approach to an acceptable charging current curve of the storage battery on the whole, and the influence of the charging polarization of the storage battery is weakened. The charging data can be automatically acquired, displayed in real time, stored in batches, analyzed and processed in a bidirectional mode in the charging process, the requirements of different users on charging of the storage battery can be met, and the method has good universality.
As shown in fig. 2, the auxiliary power circuit adopts an LM2596 integrated switching power supply chip to convert the input 12V voltage into 5V and 3.3V. Wherein 5V is converted into +/-5V through a DC-DC0505 chip to supply power for the operational amplifier, and 3.3V is used for supplying power for the current sensor and the operational amplifier output clamping circuit. In the design, the input voltage is reduced by 10 times, so that the input voltage is reduced to be within 0-3V of the voltage range which can be accepted by the DSP controller ADC. Therefore, taking 18K and 180K, considering the circuit power, it is obtained by connecting four resistors in series. The output signal passes through the voltage follower to carry out impedance matching and isolation, and is finally input into the DSP. In order to prevent interference pulses from damaging an ADC sampling port, clamping diodes are added to the input and the output of a conditioning circuit to be used as a protection circuit to inhibit spike interference. The driving circuit adopts an independent flyback switching power supply to provide driving voltage for the IGBT switching tube, as shown in fig. 3, and the DR-POW2 is a flyback switching power supply module.
The signal conditioning circuit (fig. 4) conditions the bi-directional AC-DC input and output voltages.
In the basic structure of the SOGI generator shown in fig. 5, k is a damping coefficient and is a fundamental angular frequency, and k enables the system to have a certain degree of filtering capability, so that the system output is not easily affected by harmonic components in the grid voltage. The PFC part can improve the power factor of an input side and improve the utilization rate of electric energy. The PFC adopts a single-phase-locked loop based on a generalized two-integral (SOGI) algorithm to provide reference current amplitude and current phase angle information of a power grid for a control part of the PFC, simulates a three-phase-locked loop, generates two orthogonal vectors by using a generalized second-order integral method, controls the vectors by using a PI after PARK conversion to obtain a phase change value of the power grid, and then obtains the current power grid phase by integration, so that the information such as the current amplitude of the power grid can be obtained. Due to the adoption of an integral mode, the algorithm has better robustness to the problems of input signal frequency fluctuation, harmonic distortion and the like. The output phase angle of the phase-locked loop is filtered by a hysteresis comparator, so that phase angle fluctuation caused by harmonic waves is avoided, and the system stability is improved. The current inner loop adopts a combined control strategy of parallel connection of PI control and repetitive control (RP), so that current harmonics are effectively inhibited while good current dynamic response performance is obtained, and the system has good robustness.
The control block diagram is shown in fig. 6, grid-connected inversion is the inverse process of PFC, and the phase-locking algorithm is the same as the current control algorithm. The part works in the inversion process, the voltage on the direct current bus side is controlled by the CLLC circuit, so that compared with a PFC control block diagram, one voltage outer ring is omitted, and a current inner ring is directly given by a control command.
Fig. 7 is a liquid crystal display interface of the charger designed according to the functional diagram of the charger. Parameter setting and charging selection can be conveniently carried out through the keyboard and the liquid crystal display. After the charging mode is selected, any one of 4 charging modes can be selected to charge the storage battery. And faults are continuously detected in the charging process, and if the faults exist, the charging is suspended and the fault reasons are displayed. And if no fault exists, judging whether the charging of the charger is finished. And if the charging is finished, carrying out system initialization to wait for the next charging.
Fig. 8 is a variable current charging flow chart. The variable current charging can be divided into 5 sections, wherein the first 4 sections are constant current charging, and the last section is constant voltage floating charging. The variable current charging mode has 4 parameters which can be set. They are: starting charging current, stopping charging voltage, stopping charging time and changing current mode. By setting these parameters, it is possible to control each charging current, the variable current charging gap time and the stop charging voltage of the variable current charging. When the charger enters a variable current charging mode, if a STOP key is pressed, the charger STOPs outputting until the RUN key is pressed and then resumes outputting. The charging worker is facilitated by the addition of the STOP key, and when distilled water or sulfuric acid needs to be added to the storage battery in the charging process, the output of the charger can be stopped by pressing the STOP key without turning off the input power supply of the charger. After the distilled water or the sulfuric acid is added, the output can be recovered only by pressing the RUN key, and the operation is simple and convenient. The conversion of the variable current charging current is controlled by the charging stop voltage. When the electric quantity of the battery is sufficient, the terminal voltage of the storage battery quickly reaches the charging stop voltage, so that the next stage of low-current charging is carried out. Therefore, the variable current charging can effectively protect the storage battery and prevent the storage battery from being overcharged.
Fig. 9 is a plot of battery terminal voltage change plotted against five-stage charge experimental data. Through experiments and field use, the charger designed by the text has the advantage of being better than the traditional charger. Firstly, the capacity of the occupied power grid is small, and under the same output power, the input capacity is 65% of that of the traditional charger; secondly, the efficiency is far higher than that of the traditional charger, the efficiency of the traditional charger is generally 62%, and the charger reaches 85%; finally, the generated harmonic waves are lower than those of the traditional charger. The five-stage charging time is shorter than the two-stage charging time, the temperature rise in the charging process is small, the air bubbles are less separated out, and the damage to the battery is small.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present patent can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (15)
1. The utility model provides an on-vehicle charging system of car which characterized in that: the vehicle-mounted charging system for the automobile comprises: a hardware circuit system, a software algorithm program module and a control strategy module;
the hardware circuit system comprises a main circuit power unit and a peripheral hardware circuit;
the software algorithm system comprises a control algorithm module and a battery charging algorithm module;
the control strategy module executes an improved repetitive control and PID algorithm;
the main circuit power unit includes: the charging system comprises a rectifying circuit, a direct current chopping voltage reduction circuit, a switching power supply full-bridge conversion circuit and a control circuit of the charging system;
the peripheral hardware circuit includes: an auxiliary power supply, a driving circuit and signal conditioning;
the control algorithm module comprises: the Power Factor Correction (PFC) module and the inversion grid-connected module;
the battery charging algorithm module intelligently identifies the type of the rechargeable battery, and automatically generates an optimal charging curve according to the information of the rechargeable battery, so that the battery is fully charged in the shortest time.
2. The vehicle-mounted charging system for the vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rectifying current module comprises an input contactor of Q1, a fuse of FU1-3, an FL1-3 input ripple wave device, an upper power contactor Q2 and an upper power resistor R1-R3, and is used for safety protection of an automobile charging system during power-on and preventing power-on impact; the rectification current module adopts a PWM rectification module to realize bidirectional flow of energy, and the FL1-3 input ripple wave device is used for reducing EMI.
3. The vehicle-mounted charging system for the vehicle as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and the bidirectional charging device is used for automatically acquiring, displaying in real time, storing in batch and analyzing and processing charging data in the charging process.
4. The vehicle-mounted charging system for the vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the direct-current chopping voltage reduction circuit comprises a switching device VT1 and a voltage-sharing circuit; chopping control is achieved by the switching device VT1, which reduces the previous voltage to a steady 500V dc voltage, which is supplied to the full bridge inverter circuit.
5. The vehicle-mounted charging system for the vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the full-bridge conversion circuit of the switching power supply realizes the isolation of output and input.
6. The vehicle-mounted charging system for the vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the control circuit of the charging system is formed by adopting a DSP core, and the resources of the control circuit further comprise liquid crystal display, A/D sampling, clock display and relay control of a keyboard, current, voltage and temperature.
7. The vehicle-mounted charging system for the vehicle according to claim 6, wherein: the digital control signal generated by the DSP is converted by DA and then is used as the input of a switch power supply special integrated chip SG3525 in an analog quantity mode so as to control the output voltage or current of the charger.
8. The vehicle-mounted charging system for the vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary power supply circuit adopts an LM2596 integrated switching power supply chip to convert the input 12V voltage into 5V and 3.3V; wherein 5V is converted into +/-5V through a DC-DC0505 chip to supply power for the operational amplifier, and 3.3V is used for supplying power for the current sensor and the operational amplifier output clamping circuit.
9. The vehicle-mounted charging system for the vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the drive circuit includes: the IGBT switching tube and the DR-POW2 are connected in series, the drive circuit adopts an independent flyback switching power supply to provide drive voltage for the IGBT switching tube, and the DR-POW2 is a flyback switching power supply module.
10. The vehicle-mounted charging system for the vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the signal conditioning circuit conditions bidirectional AD conversion input and output voltage, and an output signal passes through the voltage follower, is subjected to impedance matching and isolation and is finally input into the DSP; clamping diodes are added to the input and the output of the conditioning circuit, so that interference pulses are prevented from damaging an ADC sampling port, the ADC sampling port is used as a protection circuit, and peak interference is suppressed.
11. The vehicle-mounted charging system for the vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the power factor correction, PFC, comprises: the system comprises a single-phase-locked loop, a three-phase-locked loop and a control module; the PFC adopts a generalized two-integral (SOGI) -based algorithm, a single-phase-locked loop provides a reference current amplitude and current phase angle information of a power grid for a control module of the PFC, an analog three-phase-locked loop generates two orthogonal vectors by using a generalized second-order integral method, after PARK conversion, the orthogonal vectors are controlled by using PI to obtain a phase change value of the power grid, and then integration is carried out to obtain the current phase of the power grid so as to obtain the current amplitude of the power grid.
12. The vehicle-mounted charging system for the vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the grid-connected inversion comprises a CLLC circuit, the grid-connected inversion is the inverse process of PFC, the CLLC circuit controls the voltage of the side of a direct-current bus in the inversion process, compared with the PFC control process, one voltage outer ring is omitted, and a current inner ring is directly given by a control instruction.
13. A charging method of the charging system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: the charging system is switched according to requirements in four working modes of charging mode selection, testing mode, parameter setting and clock setting.
14. A method of charging an electrical system according to claim 13, wherein: the charging mode selection is to enable a charger user to select one charging mode to charge the storage battery according to the state of the storage battery, and the testing mode is mainly used when the charger is debugged; in the test mode, when constant voltage or constant current control is observed, the deviation between the given voltage and current of the charger and the voltage and constant current measured by an actual multimeter is observed, and the parameters of the charger are corrected according to the measured deviation, so that the given quantity is consistent with the measured quantity, and the sampling quantity display can also be corrected in the test mode; the parameter setting mode is used for automatically setting parameters of various charging modes, and the charging parameters are not set by a charger user; in the clock setting mode, the charger has a clock display function, and the clock setting can be started in the charging mode when the clock display is incorrect.
15. A method of charging an electrical system according to claim 13, wherein said electrical system is charged by variable current charging; the variable current charging is divided into 5 sections, wherein the first 4 sections are constant current charging, and the last section is constant voltage floating charging; the variable current charging mode comprises the following steps: 4 parameter settings of starting charging current, stopping charging voltage, stopping charging time and variable current mode are carried out; by setting the parameters, each charging current, the variable current charging gap time and the charging stopping voltage of the variable current charging are controlled.
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| CN201910869399.XA CN110635544A (en) | 2019-09-16 | 2019-09-16 | Vehicle-mounted charging system for automobile |
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| CN201910869399.XA CN110635544A (en) | 2019-09-16 | 2019-09-16 | Vehicle-mounted charging system for automobile |
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Application publication date: 20191231 |