CN110635524A - Reactive voltage steady-state control method and device based on multi-FACTS element coordination control - Google Patents
Reactive voltage steady-state control method and device based on multi-FACTS element coordination control Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reactive voltage steady-state control method based on multi-FACTS element coordination control, which comprises the following steps: determining a leading node of a power grid in a control area; determining a control unit of the leading node; distributing participation factors of each control group according to the sensitivity of reactive output of each control unit to voltage change of the bus of the leading node; using the participation factors to participate in calculating reactive power control quantity of each control unit, and obtaining an adjusting variable according to the obtained reactive power control quantity of each control unit; and adjusting and controlling the reactive voltage of each control unit by using the adjusting variable to achieve a stable state, and solving the problem of unstable reactive voltage operation of multi-FACTS element coordination control in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of electric power systems, in particular to a reactive voltage steady-state control method based on multi-FACTS element coordination control, and simultaneously relates to a reactive voltage steady-state control device based on multi-FACTS element coordination control.
Background
At present, in many areas, various FACTS elements such as a 500kV power grid UPFC, a series resistance, a direct current, a phase modulator, an SVG and the like are built or planned, and interactive influence and a coordination control technology among the various FACTS elements are urgently researched to improve the power receiving capability and the safe and stable operation level of an important load center in the areas with the multiple FACTS elements.
The steady-state voltage control (second level and minute level) is to integrate the reactive power regulation capability of the equipment such as a direct current, a phase regulator, SVG and the like into the existing AVC system of the alternating current system and carry out coordination control together with the voltage reactive power regulation means of the existing alternating current system. The AVC system monitors the bus voltage of the hub of the subarea, when the voltage fluctuation exceeds a threshold value, the dynamic reactive power compensation of a generator, a phase modulator, direct current, SVG and the like of the subarea is called according to a certain rule, and the reactive power source of a conventional capacitor/reactor and the like is adjusted to control the bus voltage of the hub to be at a set value. An AVC substation is additionally arranged at a newly added reactive power supply depending on the existing AVC main station, and the response time is tens of seconds to minutes. Therefore, the prior art cannot guarantee the reactive voltage steady-state operation of the coordinated control of multiple FACTS elements.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a reactive voltage steady-state control method based on multi-FACTS element coordination control, and solves the problem that reactive voltage operation of multi-FACTS element coordination control in the prior art is unstable.
The application provides a reactive voltage steady-state control method based on multi-FACTS element coordination control, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining a leading node of a power grid in a control area;
determining a control unit of the leading node;
distributing participation factors of each control group according to the sensitivity of reactive output of each control unit to voltage change of the bus of the leading node;
using the participation factors to participate in calculating reactive power control quantity of each control unit, and obtaining an adjusting variable according to the obtained reactive power control quantity of each control unit;
and adjusting and controlling the reactive voltage of each control unit by using the adjusting variable so as to achieve a steady state.
Preferably, the determining a leading node of the power grid in the control area includes:
and selecting the bus with the minimum voltage level offset in the control area as a leading node.
Preferably, the control unit is a reactive power supply capable of receiving the secondary voltage control signal and participating in the zone voltage reactive power control.
Preferably, the reactive power source participating in the zone voltage reactive control includes: the power generation system comprises a local generator set, a phase modulator, a STATCOM or SVC, and a conventional capacitor or reactor of a transformer substation.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
control units can be generally divided into two categories according to different adjustment performances of the control units; wherein,
one type is a device with smooth voltage reactive control capability, comprising: a motor group, a phase modulator, a STATCOM or an SVC;
the other kind is a device with a staged voltage reactive control capability in grouping switching, comprising: conventional capacitors and reactors of substations.
Preferably, the distributing of the participation factor of each control group according to the sensitivity of the reactive output of each control unit to the voltage change of the bus of the leading node includes:
Sk,g＝ΔVk/ΔQg
in the formula, ECK.g-a participation factor;
Sk,gcontrolling the reactive power regulation sensitivity of the unit k to the voltage of the node k;
-controlling the dynamic reactive reserve of the unit k;
ΔVk-a dominant node voltage variation;
Qg-controlling the reactive real reactive power output of the unit.
Preferably, the using the participation factor to participate in calculating the reactive power control quantity of each control unit, and obtaining the adjustment variable according to the obtained reactive power control quantity of each control unit includes:
assuming that N control units participate in voltage reactive power control, respectively using delta Q1、ΔQ2And Δ Q3The reactive power output variation of the dynamic reactive power supply of the generator set, the phase modulator and the flexible direct current is represented, and the adjustment of the control variable must satisfy the following formula
SK,1ΔQ1+SK,2ΔQ2+SK,3ΔQ3≥ΔVk
Namely, the regulation capacity of the control variable is required to be more than or equal to the requirement of regulating the bus voltage of the leading node, and the control quantity proportion distribution relation of various dynamic reactive power supplies is as follows
Suppose Q1The most sensitive control variables were: EC (EC)K,1＞ECK,2＞ECK,3Substituting the formula to obtain:
thereby obtaining an adjustment variable DeltaQ1Same as above for elimination of Δ Q1To obtain
Thereby obtaining a control variable DeltaQ2Finally determining Δ Q in the same manner3。
Preferably, the adjusting variable is used for adjusting and controlling the reactive voltage of each control unit to reach a steady state, and the adjusting variable comprises the following steps:
examination of Δ Q1Whether or not the following conditions are satisfied
With reference to Δ Q1Checking for constraint conditions Δ Q2Whether relevant constraint is met under action, and determining delta Q in the same way3And the adjustment process is ended.
Corresponding to the method provided by the application, the application also provides a reactive voltage steady-state control device based on multi-FACTS element coordination control, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the leading node determining unit is used for determining leading nodes of the power grid in the control area;
the control unit determining unit is used for determining the control unit of the leading node;
the distribution unit is used for distributing participation factors of each control group according to the sensitivity of reactive output of each control unit to voltage change of the bus of the leading node;
the adjusting variable acquiring unit is used for calculating the reactive power control quantity of each control unit by using the participation factor and acquiring the adjusting variable according to the obtained reactive power control quantity of each control unit;
and the adjusting unit is used for adjusting and controlling the reactive voltage of each control unit by using the adjusting variable so as to achieve a stable state.
Preferably, the master node determining unit includes:
and the selection subunit is used for selecting the bus with the minimum voltage level offset in the control area as a leading node.
The application provides a reactive voltage steady-state control method based on multi-FACTS element coordination control, a partition reactive power control signal is generated by monitoring voltage deviation of a leading node and is distributed to each control unit according to a certain rule, so that voltage reactive automatic closed-loop control is realized, and reactive voltage steady-state control of multi-FACTS element coordination control is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a reactive voltage steady-state control method based on multiple FACTS element coordinated control according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a three-level voltage control mode under a Jiangsu power grid structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a reactive voltage steady-state control device based on multiple FACTS element coordinated control according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. This application is capable of implementation in many different ways than those herein set forth and of similar import by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of this application and is therefore not limited to the specific implementations disclosed below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a reactive voltage steady-state control method based on multiple FACTS element coordinated control according to an embodiment of the present application, and the method according to the embodiment of the present application is described in detail with reference to fig. 1.
And step S101, determining a leading node of the power grid in the control area.
The 'leading node' is a key node in the control area, the bus voltage change of the leading node can represent the change of the bus voltage of the node in the whole subarea to a certain extent, and meanwhile, when the bus voltage of the leading node is disturbed, the bus voltage of the whole subarea can be influenced simultaneously by controlling the bus voltage of the leading node. Typically, representative nodes such as key hub substations and tie line drop points in the partition are selected, and nodes with high short-circuit current levels can be preferentially selected as leading nodes. The voltage and reactive power can be determined by voltage and reactive power sensitivity analysis, reactive power disturbance with certain capacity is applied in the subareas, voltage deviation of buses of all nodes is observed, and the bus with the minimum voltage level deviation in the control area is selected as a leading node. The flexible direct current is only taken as one of voltage reactive power control means to consider how the flexible direct current is integrated into a secondary voltage control strategy, so that the selection of the dominant node is not related to whether the dominant node is connected with the grid or not.
And step S102, determining a control unit of the leading node.
The selection of the 'control unit' is an important content of secondary voltage control, the unit herein does not only refer to a real generator set, but also refers to a wider concept, and all reactive power supplies which can receive secondary voltage control signals and participate in subarea voltage reactive power control can be defined as 'control units'. The partitioned "control unit" generally includes a local generator set, a phase modulator, a STATCOM or SVC, a conventional capacitor or reactor of a substation, and the like, and the energy storage can be considered in the future. According to different regulation performances of the control unit, the control unit can be generally divided into two categories, one category is equipment with smooth voltage reactive power control capability, such as a generating set, a phase modulator, a STATCOM or an SVC, and the other category is equipment with step-type voltage reactive power control capability in a group switching mode, mainly comprises a conventional capacitor and a reactor of a transformer substation, and can also comprise a bus high-voltage reactor, a medium-voltage reactor and the like along with the improvement of the cabling rate. In contrast, a device with smooth voltage reactive control capability is a better performing reactive power source.
And step S103, distributing participation factors of each control group according to the sensitivity of reactive power output of each control unit to voltage change of the bus of the leading node.
The method comprises the following steps:
Sk,g＝ΔVk/ΔQg
in the formula, ECK.g-a participation factor;
Sk,gcontrolling the reactive power regulation sensitivity of the unit k to the voltage of the node k;
ΔVk-a dominant node voltage variation;
-controlling the reactive reserve upper limit of the unit;
Qg-controlling the reactive real reactive power output of the unit.
To ensure that sufficient dynamic reactive power reserve is reserved for the subarea power grid, the method needs to be used for
Set certain limits, usually set for the generator set
The reactive power which can be generated when the power factor of the phase modulator does not exceed 0.9 can be set by referring to the generator, and the flexible direct current can be set to be not more than the constraints of bridge arm current, maximum/minimum modulation ratio and the like, so that the dynamic reactive power regulation capability of the flexible direct current is fully utilized. When the reactive power output of the control unit reaches the limit, the participation factor is set to be 0, and the control unit does not participate in voltage reactive power regulation any more.
And step S104, using the participation factors to participate in calculating the reactive power control quantity of each control unit, and obtaining an adjusting variable according to the obtained reactive power control quantity of each control unit.
Assuming that N control units participate in voltage reactive power control, respectively using delta Q1、ΔQ2And Δ Q3The reactive power output variation of the dynamic reactive power supply of the generator set, the phase modulator and the flexible direct current is represented, and the adjustment of the control variable must satisfy the following formula
SK,1ΔQ1+SK,2ΔQ2+SK,3ΔQ3≥ΔVk
Namely, the regulation capacity of the control variable is required to be more than or equal to the requirement of regulating the bus voltage of the leading node, and the control quantity proportion distribution relation of various dynamic reactive power supplies is as follows
Suppose Q1The most sensitive control variables were: EC (EC)K,1＞ECK,2＞ECK,3Substituting the formula to obtain:
thereby obtaining an adjustment variable DeltaQ1Same as above for elimination of Δ Q1To obtain
Thereby to obtainObtaining a control variable DeltaQ2Finally determining Δ Q in the same manner3。
And S105, adjusting and controlling the reactive voltage of each control unit by using the adjusting variable to reach a steady state.
Examination of Δ Q1Whether or not the following conditions are satisfied
With reference to Δ Q1Checking for constraint conditions Δ Q2Whether relevant constraint is met under action, and determining delta Q in the same way3And the adjustment process is ended.
The effectiveness of the above strategy is verified in the southwest area, and the partition is configured with two phase modulators 2 × 300Mvar, one UPFC with reactive capacity of 250Mvar on the parallel side and two 2 × 100Mvar in SVG, and four units of near-district wayside power plants 2 × 300MW, 2 × 600MW and four units of li gang two 4 × 600MW are simultaneously selected, as shown in fig. 2. Firstly, selecting a leading node of the partition, wherein the short-circuit current calculation result of a pivot node or a key node in the partition is shown in table 1, and selecting a 500kV bus of the Wujiang station as the leading node of the partition according to a leading node selection principle and by combining artificial experience.
TABLE 1 Wujiang subregion short-circuit current
And secondly, selecting a control unit of the leading node. The sensitivity analysis of each control group to the bus voltage of the leading node is shown in table 2. It can be seen that the control units respectively look at the sensitivity sequence of the leading node as phase modulator, UPFC, Waussa #2 machine, Waussa # 3, 4, 1 machine, SVG and Suley two units.
TABLE 2 reactive Voltage sensitivity analysis of the units
Note: the maximum reactive power output of the unit is the reactive power which can be sent out when the power factor is 0.9.
The partitioned control unit comprises 2 phase modulators, UPFC, 2 SVG and 8 generators, wherein the generators are respectively controlled by delta Q1、ΔQ2…ΔQ13And the reactive power output variable quantity of each control unit is represented. The regulation of the control variables must satisfy the following equation:
SK,1ΔQ1+SK,2ΔQ2+SK,3ΔQ3+SK,4ΔQ4+SK,5ΔQ5+SK,6ΔQ6+SK,7ΔQ7
+SK,8ΔQ8+SK,9ΔQ9+SK,10ΔQ10+SK,11ΔQ11+SK,12ΔQ12+SK,13ΔQ13≥ΔVk
the proportional distribution relation of each control variable is as follows:
further, the method can be obtained as follows:
by combining the above formula with out-of-limit check, the adjustment variable Δ Q can be obtained successively1、ΔQ2…ΔQ13Thereby controlling the bus voltage of the leading node to a set value and finishing the adjusting process.
Assuming that the zone is reactive disturbed such that the voltage is increased from 510.5kV to 515kV, i.e. Δ VkWhen the voltage is 5.4kV, Δ Q can be obtained by substituting the corresponding data in table 21Get Δ Q in the same way as 9.19Mvar2＝ΔQ3＝4.75Mvar，ΔQ4＝26.39Mvar，ΔQ5＝27.62Mvar，ΔQ6＝1.61Mvar,ΔQ7＝0.85Mvar,ΔQ8＝ΔQ9＝3.99Mvar,ΔQ10＝ΔQ11＝ΔQ12＝ΔQ132.39, namely, to increase the voltage of the wujiang 500kV bus from 510.5kV to 515kV, the UPFC needs to generate 9.19Mvar of reactive power according to the unit participation factor distribution; SVG # 1 and SVG #2 need to be separately increased with reactive power of 4.75 Mvar; 26.39Mvar is increased by a phase modifier # 1, 17.62Mvar is increased by a phase modifier #2, 1.61Mvar is increased by a Huasu # 1, 0.85Mvar is increased by a Huasu #2, 3.99Mvar is increased by the Huasu #3 and 4 machines respectively, and 2.39Mvar is increased by the Suley #5, 6, 7 and 8 machines respectively.
Correspondingly to the reactive voltage steady-state control method based on multi-FACTS element coordinated control provided by the present application, the present application also provides a reactive voltage steady-state control device 300 based on multi-FACTS element coordinated control, as shown in fig. 3, including:
a leading node determination unit 310, which determines a leading node of the power grid in the control area;
a control unit determining unit 320, which determines a control unit of the master node;
the distribution unit 330 is used for distributing participation factors of the control groups according to the sensitivity of reactive output of each control unit to voltage change of the bus of the leading node;
the adjusting variable obtaining unit 340 is configured to use the participation factor to participate in calculating the reactive power control amount of each control unit, and obtain an adjusting variable according to the obtained reactive power control amount of each control unit;
and the adjusting unit 350 is used for adjusting and controlling the reactive voltage of each control unit by using the adjusting variable so as to achieve a steady state.
The application provides a reactive voltage steady-state control method based on multi-FACTS element coordination control, a partition reactive power control signal is generated by monitoring voltage deviation of a leading node and is distributed to each control unit according to a certain rule, so that voltage reactive automatic closed-loop control is realized, and reactive voltage steady-state control of multi-FACTS element coordination control is realized.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make modifications and equivalents to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is set forth in the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A reactive voltage steady-state control method based on multi-FACTS element coordination control is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining a leading node of a power grid in a control area;
determining a control unit of the leading node;
distributing participation factors of each control group according to the sensitivity of reactive output of each control unit to voltage change of the bus of the leading node;
using the participation factors to participate in calculating reactive power control quantity of each control unit, and obtaining an adjusting variable according to the obtained reactive power control quantity of each control unit;
and adjusting and controlling the reactive voltage of each control unit by using the adjusting variable so as to achieve a steady state.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining a dominant node of a power grid within a control area comprises:
and selecting the bus with the minimum voltage level offset in the control area as a leading node.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the control unit is a reactive power source capable of receiving a secondary voltage control signal and participating in zonal voltage reactive control.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the reactive power source participating in zonal voltage reactive control comprises: the power generation system comprises a local generator set, a phase modulator, a STATCOM or SVC, and a conventional capacitor or reactor of a transformer substation.
5. The method of claim 1, 3 or 4, further comprising:
control units can be generally divided into two categories according to different adjustment performances of the control units; wherein,
one type is a device with smooth voltage reactive control capability, comprising: a motor group, a phase modulator, a STATCOM or an SVC;
the other kind is a device with a staged voltage reactive control capability in grouping switching, comprising: conventional capacitors and reactors of substations.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the assigning of each control group participation factor based on the sensitivity of each control group reactive output to changes in the master node bus voltage comprises:
Sk,g＝ΔVk/ΔQg
in the formula, ECK.g-a participation factor;
Sk,gcontrolling the reactive power regulation sensitivity of the unit k to the voltage of the node k;
ΔVk-a dominant node voltage variation;
-controlling the reactive reserve upper limit of the unit;
Qg-controlling the reactive real reactive power output of the unit.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the using the participation factor to calculate each control unit reactive power control quantity, and obtaining the adjusting variable according to the obtained each control unit reactive power control quantity comprises:
assuming that N control units participate in voltage reactive power control, respectively using delta Q1、ΔQ2And Δ Q3The reactive power output variation of the dynamic reactive power supply of the generator set, the phase modulator and the flexible direct current is represented, and the adjustment of the control variable must satisfy the following formula
SK,1ΔQ1+SK,2ΔQ2+SK,3ΔQ3≥ΔVk
Namely, the regulation capacity of the control variable is required to be more than or equal to the requirement of regulating the bus voltage of the leading node, and the control quantity proportion distribution relation of various dynamic reactive power supplies is as follows
Suppose Q1The most sensitive control variables were: EC (EC)K,1＞ECK,2＞ECK,3Substituting the formula to obtain:
thereby obtaining an adjustment variable DeltaQ1Same as above for elimination of Δ Q1To obtain
Thereby obtaining a control variable DeltaQ2Finally determining Δ Q in the same manner3。
8. The method of claim 1, wherein using the tuning variables to make regulatory control of reactive voltage of each control unit to reach steady state comprises:
examination of Δ Q1Whether or not the following conditions are satisfied
With reference to Δ Q1Checking for constraint conditions Δ Q2Whether relevant constraint is met under action, and determining delta Q in the same way3And the adjustment process is ended.
9. A reactive voltage steady-state control device based on multi-FACTS element coordination control is characterized by comprising:
the leading node determining unit is used for determining leading nodes of the power grid in the control area;
the control unit determining unit is used for determining the control unit of the leading node;
the distribution unit is used for distributing participation factors of each control group according to the sensitivity of reactive output of each control unit to voltage change of the bus of the leading node;
the adjusting variable acquiring unit is used for calculating the reactive power control quantity of each control unit by using the participation factor and acquiring the adjusting variable according to the obtained reactive power control quantity of each control unit;
and the adjusting unit is used for adjusting and controlling the reactive voltage of each control unit by using the adjusting variable so as to achieve a stable state.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the master node determining unit comprises:
and the selection subunit is used for selecting the bus with the minimum voltage level offset in the control area as a leading node.
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