CN110633513B - Method for calculating stress of bolt group of strip-shaped base under local tension action - Google Patents
Method for calculating stress of bolt group of strip-shaped base under local tension action Download PDFInfo
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- CN110633513B CN110633513B CN201910799074.9A CN201910799074A CN110633513B CN 110633513 B CN110633513 B CN 110633513B CN 201910799074 A CN201910799074 A CN 201910799074A CN 110633513 B CN110633513 B CN 110633513B
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Abstract
A method for calculating the stress of bolt group on the long strip base with local tension action features that based on the theory of continuous beams, the long strip base is decomposed into several continuous beams, the bolts are used as the supporting seats of beams, and the force distributed to each beam is calculated according to the number of continuous beams and the balance of forces. Then calculating the distribution coefficient k of each beam through the longitudinal distance from the bolt to the boundary of the tension acting area (equipment) j And distributing the stress of each bolt. The invention can be used for determining the stress of the bolt on the strip-shaped base under the action of the pulling force so as to ensure the safety of a hull structure and the normal operation of equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of design of ships and steel structures, and provides a computing method for stress distribution of a bolt group under the action of tension of a strip-shaped base based on a continuous beam theory of a structure.
Background
The strip-shaped base is a base structure form commonly used for ship and ocean engineering equipment and mainly provides support for various equipment on the ship and ocean engineering. These devices are typically mounted on a common strip-type base and then connected to the ship's base by groups of bolts, with the load concentrated in a partial area. Compared with the equipment, the rigidity of the strip-shaped base is low, the strip-shaped base deforms complicatedly under the action of load, and how to determine the stress of the bolt group is difficult work. Therefore, the analysis of the bolt stress of the strip-shaped base under the action of the tensile force is determined, and the analysis has important significance on the safety of the structure and the normal use of equipment. The existing base (such as an anchor machine base) mainly uses an elasticity analysis method for analyzing the stress of a bolt group under the action of tension, and usually, a bolt connecting plate is assumed to be rigid, and a bolt is assumed to be elastic. However, this assumption is not consistent with the case of the strip-shaped base, which has smaller rigidity and larger size, and is regarded as obviously inappropriate rigidity, and the obtained result has larger difference with the actual stress of the actual engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect that the existing method for analyzing the stress of the bolt group of the strip-shaped base is poor in accuracy, the invention provides a method for calculating the stress of the bolt group of the strip-shaped base under the action of local tension, which is good in accuracy.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for calculating the stress of a bolt group of a strip-shaped base under the action of local tension comprises the following steps:
step S1, regarding the equipment as a rigid body, and determining a direct acting area (equipment acting range) of the pulling force according to the position and the form of an equipment base;
s2, dividing the strip-shaped base into a plurality of incoherent continuous beams along the transverse direction, and distributing the pulling force to each beam according to the number of equivalent continuous beams;
s3, determining the number of the bolts participating in distribution on each beam, and numbering along the longitudinal direction;
s4, determining the longitudinal distance x from the bolt participating in stress to the boundary of a tension loading area (equipment action area) i ；
Step S5, calculating a distribution coefficient k according to the balance of forces j ；
S6, pulling each beamForce, formulaically distributed to each bolt F i 。
Further, in the step S1, the device is regarded as a rigid body, and the outer contour of the device base is regarded as a direct acting region of the load, that is, an acting range of the device.
Still further, in the step S2, based on the continuous beam theory, the base is divided into a plurality of incoherent continuous beam beams along the transverse direction, and the bolts are regarded as beam supports. Multiplying the pulling force by the distribution coefficient η j Assigned to each beam, eta j According to the structural form and the bolt arrangement. The beam equivalent number of one row of bolts is 1, and the beam equivalent number of two rows of bolts is 4 (figure 2), then:
in the formula eta j Is the load distribution coefficient of the jth beam, n j And m is the equivalent number of the jth beam, and m is the total equivalent number of the continuous beams and is the sum of the equivalent numbers of all the beams.
Furthermore, in the step S3, according to the reduction of force transmission in the theory of continuous beams, when the pulling force is transmitted to the third span outside the loading area along the longitudinal direction, the stress of the bolts is small and can be ignored and not calculated, so the number of the bolts participating in distribution is selected from the bolts inside the loading area on each beam and two bolts from the loading area to two sides.
In the step S5, according to the theory of continuous beams, the bearing closer to the load is stressed greatly, and the stress magnitude is in inverse proportion to the distance from the bearing to the boundary of the loading area. Determining a longitudinal distance x of the bolt from a boundary of the loading zone i (x i The longitudinal distance from the ith bolt to the boundary of the loading area) is obtained, the reciprocal of the longitudinal distance is obtained, and the reciprocal is summed, so that the distribution coefficient k of the jth beam bolt j According to the following formula:
wherein, bolts (as No. 19, 60, 43, 44 in figure 2) in the middle inside the loading area of the jth beamBolt) x i Due to the application of two lateral forces, a proper shortening should be considered. Multiplying by a distance adjustment factor of 0.67 for 1 row of bolts (e.g., bolts 19, 60 in fig. 2); for 2 rows of bolts, multiply by a distance adjustment factor of 0.8 (e.g., bolts 43, 44 in FIG. 2), N j The number of bolts on the jth beam.
In the step S6, the tensile force on each beam is distributed to each bolt F according to a formula i Namely:
in the formula, k j The distribution coefficient of the jth beam bolt; f is the pulling force, eta, exerted on the apparatus j For the jth beam load distribution coefficient, x i Longitudinal distance of ith bolt to boundary of loading zone, F i The ith bolt is stressed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention is applied to calculating a base of a long-strip-shaped winch, and formula calculation values and finite element calculation values are analyzed and compared. The analysis of the stress distribution of the bolts of the strip-shaped base bolt group under the action of the counter-pulling force shows that: the difference between the formula calculation value and the finite element simulation result is small, and the formula calculation has high precision.
The invention can quickly and accurately calculate the stress distribution condition of the bolt group of the strip-shaped base under the action of the tensile force.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a model loading position and finite element device range, with the dark bold line being the device boundary.
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal distance of a bolt to a finite element device boundary, wherein the bold black line is the device boundary.
Fig. 3 is a comparison of bolt force distribution.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for calculating the stress of the bolt group of the elongated base under the action of local tension.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a method for calculating the stress of a bolt group of a strip-shaped base under the action of local tension specifically calculates the stress of a bolt under the action of a vertically upward 150KN tension on the strip-shaped base. The specific implementation process is as follows:
step S1, regarding the equipment as a rigid body, and determining a direct acting area (equipment acting range) of the tensile force according to the position and the form of the equipment base, as shown in figure 1.
And S2, transversely dividing the strip-shaped base into a plurality of incoherent continuous beams, regarding the bolts as beam supports, and distributing the tension to each beam according to the number of equivalent continuous beams.
Based on the theory of continuous beams, the base is transversely divided into a plurality of incoherent continuous beam beams, and the bolts are taken as the supports of the beams. Multiplying the pulling force by the distribution coefficient η j Assigned to each beam, η j According to the structural form and the bolt arrangement. The beam equivalent number of one row of bolts is 1, and the beam equivalent number of two rows of bolts is 4 (figure 2), then:
in the formula eta j Is the load distribution coefficient of the jth beam, n j And m is the equivalent number of the jth beam, and m is the total equivalent number of the continuous beams and is the sum of the equivalent numbers of all the beams.
And S3, determining the number of the bolts participating in distribution on each beam, and numbering along the longitudinal direction.
According to the reduction of force transmission in the theory of continuous beams, when the pulling force is transmitted to the third span outside the loading area along the longitudinal direction, the stress of the bolt is small, and the stress can be ignored and cannot be calculated. Therefore, the number of the bolts participating in distribution is two from the loading area to the two sides of the loading area of each beam.
S4, determining the longitudinal distance x from the bolt participating in distribution to the boundary of the tension loading area (equipment) i As shown in figure 2 and table 1.
Table 1 is a table of calculation processes:
TABLE 1
Step S5, calculating distribution coefficient k according to the balance of forces j 。
According to the theory of continuous beams, the bearing closer to the load is stressed greatly, and the stress magnitude is in inverse proportion to the distance from the bearing to the boundary of the loading area. Determining the longitudinal distance x of the bolt from the boundary of the loading zone i (x i The longitudinal distance from the ith bolt to the boundary of the loading area) is obtained, the reciprocal of the longitudinal distance is obtained, and the summation is carried out, so that the distribution coefficient k of the jth beam bolt j According to the following formula:
wherein x of bolts (such as No. 19, 60, 43 and 44 bolts in figure 2) in the middle inside the loading area of the jth beam i Due to the application of two lateral forces, a proper shortening should be considered. Multiplying by a distance adjustment factor of 0.67 for 1 row of bolts (e.g., bolts 19 and 60 in fig. 2); for 2 rows of bolts, multiply by a distance adjustment factor of 0.8 (e.g., bolts 43, 44 in FIG. 2), N j The number of bolts on the jth beam.
S6, distributing the tension on each beam to each bolt F according to a formula i Namely:
in the formula, k j The distribution coefficient of the jth beam bolt; f is the pulling force, eta, exerted on the apparatus j For the jth beam load distribution coefficient, x i Longitudinal distance of ith bolt to boundary of loading zone, F i The ith bolt is stressed.
Claims (3)
1. A method for calculating the stress of a bolt group of an elongated base under the action of local tension is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, regarding the equipment as a rigid body, and determining a direct acting area of tension according to the position and the form of an equipment base;
s2, dividing the strip-shaped base into a plurality of incoherent continuous beams along the transverse direction, and distributing the pulling force to each beam according to the number of equivalent continuous beams;
s3, determining the number of the bolts participating in distribution on each beam, and numbering along the longitudinal direction;
s4, determining the longitudinal distance x from the bolt participating in stress to the boundary of the tension loading area i ；
Step S5, calculating a distribution coefficient k according to the balance of forces j ；
S6, distributing the pulling force on each beam to each bolt F according to a formula i ；
In the step S2, based on the theory of continuous beams, the base is transversely divided into a plurality of incoherent continuous beams and beams, bolts are taken as supports of the beams, and the tensile force is multiplied by the distribution coefficient eta j Assigned to each beam, η j And (3) determining according to the structural form and the bolt arrangement, wherein the beam equivalent number of the bolt in one row is 1, and the beam equivalent number of the bolt in two rows is 4, then:
in the formula eta j Is the load distribution coefficient of the jth beam, n j The equivalent number of the jth beam is m, the total equivalent number of the continuous beams is the sum of the equivalent numbers of all the beams;
in the step S5, according to the theory of continuous beams, the support closer to the load is stressed greatly, the stress is inversely proportional to the distance from the support to the boundary of the loading area, and the longitudinal distance x from the bolt to the boundary of the loading area is determined i ，x i Taking the reciprocal of the longitudinal distance from the ith bolt to the boundary of the loading area and summing the reciprocal to obtain the distribution coefficient k of the jth beam bolt j According to the following formula:
wherein, N j The number of the bolts on the jth beam is;
in the step S6, the tension on each beam is distributed to each bolt F according to a formula i Namely:
in the formula, k j The distribution coefficient of the jth beam bolt; f is the pulling force on the equipment, eta j For the jth beam load distribution coefficient, x i Longitudinal distance of ith bolt to boundary of loading zone, F i The ith bolt is stressed.
2. The method for calculating the stress of the bolt group of the elongated base on which the partial tension acts according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the equipment is regarded as a rigid body, and the outer contour of the equipment base is regarded as a direct acting area of the load, that is, an acting range of the equipment.
3. The method for calculating the bolt group stress of the elongated base applied with the local tension according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S3, the number of the bolts participating in the distribution is two in the loading area of each beam and two in the directions from the loading area to both sides according to the flexibility of the force transmission in the theory of continuous beams.
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