CN110632761A - Partial coherent beam splitter, working method and optical device - Google Patents

Partial coherent beam splitter, working method and optical device Download PDF

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CN110632761A
CN110632761A CN201910847358.0A CN201910847358A CN110632761A CN 110632761 A CN110632761 A CN 110632761A CN 201910847358 A CN201910847358 A CN 201910847358A CN 110632761 A CN110632761 A CN 110632761A
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CN110632761B (en
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刘欣
马普娟
刘永雷
高雅茹
梁春豪
赵曰峰
蔡阳健
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Shandong Normal University
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Abstract

The utility model provides a partial coherent beam splitter, a working method and an optical device, which comprises a first lens, a second lens and a phase plate, wherein the first lens and the second lens form an optical 4f system; the beam splitting device can flexibly split any incident partial coherent light beam, the adopted equipment is simple, the cost is low, the beam splitting device is easy to build, the quality of the generated split light beam is high, the beam splitting device is suitable for the incident light with larger power, and the beam splitting device has wide application prospects in the fields of industry, scientific research, national defense, military and the like.

Description

Partial coherent beam splitter, working method and optical device
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of optical devices, and more particularly, to a partially coherent beam splitter, a method of operating the same, and an optical device.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Beam Splitters (BS) are the most basic devices in the laboratory, and the most common BS is a cubic crystal made of two triangular prisms glued together with polyester, epoxy or polyurethane adhesives, and can split one Beam into two beams. Such beam splitters are generally divided into two types: one is a polarization dependent beam splitter (PBS) that splits an incident beam into a transmitted beam and a reflected beam with the polarization and transmission directions of the outgoing beams perpendicular to each other, most commonly known PBSs are nicols, glans prisms, wollaston prisms, etc. The other is a polarization-independent beam splitter, which is still formed by bonding two triangular prisms, and a thin film of metal material is coated on the contact surface, and by controlling the film thickness so that light incident at 45 ° and not absorbed by the coating is partially transmitted and partially reflected, an incident beam can be split into two beams whose transmission directions are perpendicular to each other.
All real light beams in nature have certain fluctuation of amplitude and certain width of light spectrum, which leads to unrealistic existence of ideal completely coherent light and completely incoherent light, so all light beams contacted at present are strictly called partial coherent light beams, and the coherence of the partial coherent light beams is between completely coherent light and completely incoherent light. The research result shows that: the partially coherent light beam has unique advantages in many practical applications compared with the completely coherent light beam, such as the partially coherent light beam has an anti-disturbance effect in a complex environment transmission process; the reduced coherence will result in a more uniform beam, which is of important application in heat treatment of materials, etc. In addition, the transmission property of the light beam can be adjusted by adjusting and controlling the degree of coherence of the light source of part of the coherent light beam, and the method has important application in the aspects of optical communication, particle capture, imaging and the like.
The inventor of the present disclosure finds in research that currently existing BSs generally have the following problems: (1) an incident beam can be divided into two beams, and the beam splitting quantity and the distribution form cannot be regulated and controlled; (2) with the application of laser beams in various fields, array (a plurality of) light beams have important application in the aspects of confocal microscopic imaging, multi-particle capture, optical communication multiplexing technology, real-time three-dimensional imaging, human blood flow velocity measurement and the like, however, the transmission directions of two light beams split by the current beam splitter can only be orthogonal, so that the light path structure is not compact, and the control requirements of the quantity, the distribution form and the interval of the split light beams can not be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the present disclosure provides a partially coherent beam splitter, a method of operating the same, and an optical apparatus, which have a simple structure, can split any partially coherent beam, and can flexibly adjust and control the number, distribution pattern, and spacing of the split beams.
In order to achieve the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted in the disclosure:
in a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a partially coherent beam splitter;
a partial dry beam splitter comprises a first lens, a second lens and a phase plate, wherein the first lens and the second lens form an optical 4f system, the phase plate is arranged in the middle of the first lens and the second lens, and the quantity, the distribution form and the sub-beam distance of split sub-beams are controlled by adjusting the parameters of the phase plate.
As some possible implementations, the focal lengths of the first lens and the second lens are both f, the front focal plane of the first lens is an incident light source plane, and the back focal plane of the second lens is a receiving plane.
By way of further limitation, the cross-over density function of any partially coherent light beam at the plane of the incident light source is W (r)1,r2) After the light beam passes through the first lens, the phase plate and the second lens, the cross spectral density function at the receiving surface of the second lens is as follows:
W(ρ1,ρ2)＝∫W(r1,r2)h*(r1,ρ1)h(r2,ρ2)d2r1d2r2
wherein the vector r1＝(x1,y1)、r2＝(x2,y2) And ρ1＝(ρx1,ρy1)、ρ2＝(ρx2,ρy2) Denotes the vector coordinates of any two points of the incident light source surface and the receiving surface, respectively, [ integral ] d2r1d2r2Representing multiple integrals, h (r), of an integrand1,ρ1) And h (r)2,ρ2) The response function of the optical system represents the complex conjugate.
As a further limitation, the response function of the optical system of the first lens, the phase plate and the second lens is:
k 2 pi/lambda is wave number, lambda is wavelength of incident light source, xi is xix,ξy) And P (xi) is a phase function corresponding to the phase plate.
As a further limitation, the phase function of the phase plate is:
Figure BDA0002195679300000032
wherein i is an imaginary symbol satisfying i2＝-1，an、bnAnd M, N are parameters of the phase plate.
By adjusting the constant anAnd bnThe adjustment and control of the sub-beam distance of the beam splitting are realized by the value size, N and M are the number of the sub-beams in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction of the beam splitting respectively, and the light beams obtained at the receiving surface are in array distribution with the light intensity and the coherence degree of NxM.
As a further limitation, combining the phase function of the phase plate and the response function of the optical system, the specific response function of the optical system is obtained as:
Figure BDA0002195679300000041
where δ is the dirac function.
As a further limitation, combining the phase function of the phase plate, the response function of the optical system and the cross-spectral density function at the receiving surface of the second lens, and using the sampling property of the delta function, the actual cross-spectral density function at the receiving surface of the second lens is obtained as:
Figure BDA0002195679300000042
as a further limitation, calculating the light intensity and the coherence of each beam splitting sub-beam;
wherein let ρ1＝ρ2The light intensity at the ρ point is obtained as ρ:
I(ρ)＝W(ρ,ρ)
ρ1and ρ2The degree of coherence between the two points is:
Figure BDA0002195679300000043
in a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of operating a partially coherent beam splitter, using the partially coherent beam splitter described in the present disclosure, comprising the steps of:
creating a partially coherent beam splitter by a first lens, a phase plate and a second lens;
determining the number of transverse and longitudinal sub-beams after beam splitting and the distribution form of the sub-beams by setting parameters N and M in a phase function of the phase plate;
after the N and M parameters are determined, the constant a is adjustednAnd bnThe value size realizes the control of the sub-beam spacing of the beam splitting.
In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides an optical device comprising a partially coherent beam splitter as described in the present disclosure.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this disclosure is:
1. the flexible beam splitting device for the partially coherent light beams can flexibly split any incident partially coherent light beams, and the number, the distribution form and the distribution spacing of the split beams are regulated and controlled by changing the parameters of the phase plate.
2. The flexible beam splitting device for the partially coherent light beam has the advantages of simple equipment, low cost, easiness in construction, high quality of the generated beam splitting light beam, suitability for the incident light with high power and wide application prospect in the fields of industry, scientific research, national defense, military and the like.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a partially coherent beam splitter according to embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2(a) and 2(b) are a light intensity distribution diagram and a coherence distribution diagram of a gaussian schel-mode light beam at an incident light source plane, respectively.
Fig. 3(a1) is a phase distribution diagram of a phase plate when N is equal to M is equal to 3 in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3(b1) and 3(c1) are a light intensity distribution graph and a coherence distribution graph of a light beam obtained at a receiving surface when N is 3 in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure, respectively.
Fig. 3(a2) shows that N is 5, M is 3, a in example 1 of the present disclosure1＝-2×105m-1，a2＝-105m-1，a3＝0m-1，a4＝105m-1，a5＝2×105m-1，b1＝-105m-1，b2＝0m-1，b3＝105m-1The phase distribution pattern of the phase plate.
Fig. 3(a3) shows that N is 5, M is 5, a in example 1 of the present disclosure1＝b1＝-2×105m-1，a2＝b2＝-105m-1，a3＝b3＝0m-1，a4＝b4＝105m-1，a5＝b5＝2×105m-1The phase distribution pattern of the phase plate.
Fig. 3(b2) and (c2) illustrate N-5, M-3, a in example 1 of the present disclosure1＝-2×105m-1，a2＝-105m-1，a3＝0m-1，a4＝105m-1，a5＝2×105m-1，b1＝-105m-1，b2＝0m-1，b3＝105m-1The light intensity distribution map and the coherence distribution map of the light beam obtained at the receiving surface.
Fig. 3(b3) and (c3) illustrate N-5, M-5, a in example 1 of the present disclosure1＝b1＝-2×105m-1，a2＝b2＝-105m-1，a3＝b3＝0m-1，a4＝b4＝105m-1，a5＝b5＝2×105m-1The intensity distribution and coherence distribution of the light beam obtained at the receiving surface.
Fig. 4(a) and 4(b) are a light intensity distribution diagram and a coherence distribution diagram of a gaussian schell model beam at a receiving surface after being split by a beam splitter according to embodiment 1 of the present disclosure, respectively.
Fig. 5(a1) and 5(b1) are the light intensity distribution and coherence distribution of the partially coherent elegant hermitian beam in example 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 5(a2) and 5(b2) are graphs showing the light intensity distribution and coherence of hermitian-gaussian correlation beams in example 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 6(a1) and 6(b1) are a light intensity distribution diagram and a coherence distribution diagram of a partially coherent elegant hermitian beam split by a beam splitter according to embodiment 1 of the present disclosure, respectively.
Fig. 6(a2) and 6(b2) are a light intensity distribution diagram and a coherence distribution diagram of the hermitian gaussian correlation schel mode beam split by the beam splitter according to embodiment 1 of the present disclosure, respectively.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, embodiment 1 of the present disclosure provides a partially coherent beam splitter, including a first lens, a second lens and a phase plate, where the first lens and the second lens form an optical 4f system, and the phase plate is disposed in an intermediate position between the first lens and the second lens, and the control of the number, distribution form and sub-beam spacing of the split sub-beams is achieved by adjusting parameters of the phase plate.
The focal lengths of the first lens and the second lens are both f, the front focal plane of the first lens is an incident light source plane, and the rear focal plane of the second lens is a receiving plane.
In the spatio-frequency domain, the second order statistical property of the partially coherent light beam can be described by a cross spectral density function, where the cross density function of any partially coherent light beam at the incident light source face is W (r)1,r2) After the light beam passes through the first lens, the phase plate and the second lens, the cross spectral density function at the receiving surface of the second lens is as follows:
W(ρ1,ρ2)＝∫W(r1,r2)h*(r1,ρ1)h(r2,ρ2)d2r1d2r2 (1)
wherein the vector r1＝(x1,y1)、r2＝(x2,y2) And ρ1＝(ρx1,ρy1)、ρ2＝(ρx2,ρy2) Denotes the vector coordinates of any two points of the incident light source surface and the receiving surface, respectively, [ integral ] d2r1d2r2Representing multiple integrals, h (r), of an integrand1,ρ1) And h (r)2,ρ2) The response function of the optical system represents the complex conjugate.
The response function of the optical system of the first lens, the phase plate and the second lens can be described as:
where k 2 pi/λ is the wave number, λ is the wavelength of the incident light source, and ξ (ξ)x,ξy) And P (xi) is a phase function corresponding to the phase plate.
To achieve the effect of beam splitting here, define: the phase function of the phase plate is:
Figure BDA0002195679300000081
wherein i is an imaginary symbol satisfying i2＝-1，an、bnAnd M, N are parameters of the phase plate by adjusting the constant anAnd bnThe adjustment and control of the sub-beam distance of the beam splitting are realized by the value size, N and M are the number of the sub-beams in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction of the beam splitting respectively, and the light beams obtained at the receiving surface are in array distribution with the light intensity and the coherence degree of NxM.
Combining the phase function (formula 3) of the phase plate with the response function (formula 2) of the optical system, the specific response function of the optical system is obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002195679300000082
where δ is the dirac function.
Combining the phase function (formula 3) of the phase plate, the response function (formula 2) of the optical system and the cross spectrum density function (formula 1) at the receiving surface of the second lens, and obtaining an actual cross spectrum density function at the receiving surface of the second lens by using the sampling property of the delta function as follows:
Figure BDA0002195679300000091
calculating the light intensity and the coherence of each beam splitting sub-beam through an actual cross spectral density function (formula 5) at the receiving surface;
wherein let ρ1＝ρ2The light intensity at the ρ point is obtained as:
I(ρ)＝W(ρ,ρ) (6)
ρ1and ρ2The degree of coherence between the two points is:
Figure BDA0002195679300000092
the following examples illustrate:
a Gaussian Schell Mode (GSM) laser beam with a wavelength λ of 632nm for the incident beam is chosen, with a cross spectral density of:
wherein the spot width omega00.5mm, coherence width σ00.5 mm. Fig. 2(a) and 2(b) are a light intensity distribution diagram and a coherence distribution diagram of a gaussian schel-mode light beam at an incident source plane, respectively. The focal length of the thin lens is 400 mm. For the phase function corresponding to the phase plate (see formula (3)), N-M-3, a1＝b1＝-105m-1，a2＝b2＝0m-1，a3＝b3＝105m-1The phase profile is shown in fig. 3(a 1).
After the gaussian schell mode light beam passes through the beam splitter according to this embodiment, an array distribution in which both the light intensity and the coherence are 3 × 3 is obtained on the receiving surface, the light intensity distribution is shown in fig. 3(b1), and the coherence distribution diagram is shown in fig. 3(c1), which are compared with fig. 2(a) and (b), respectively, it is found that each split light beam is still an independent gaussian schell mode light beam, so that the beam splitter according to this embodiment can indeed split the incident light.
In addition, the parameters of the phase plate are changed to be N-5, M-3, a1＝-2×105m-1，a2＝-105m-1，a3＝0m-1，a4＝105m-1，a5＝2×105m-1，b1＝-105m-1，b2＝0m-1，b3＝105m-1And N ═ 5, M ═ 5, a1＝b1＝-2×105m-1，a2＝b2＝-105m-1，a3＝b3＝0m-1，a4＝b4＝105m-1，a5＝b5＝2×105m-1The other parameters are not changed, the phase profiles are respectively shown in fig. 3(a2) and fig. 3(a3), and the intensity profile and coherence profile of the 5 × 3 array beam and the 5 × 5 array beam obtained at the receiving surface are respectively shown in fig. (b2), fig. (b3), fig. (c2) and fig. (c 3).
It can be seen that the beam splitter according to the present embodiment can control the number and distribution of the split beams by adjusting the phase plate parameters N and M.
Subsequently, the parameter a of the phase plate with N-M-3 is changednAnd bnRespectively as follows: a is1＝b1＝-105m-1，a2＝b2＝0，a3＝b3＝2×105m-1FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) are a light intensity distribution graph and a coherence distribution graph of a Gaussian schell mode beam on a receiving surface after being split by the beam splitter according to the embodiment, respectively, and it can be seen from the graphs that the transverse distribution intervals of the light intensity and coherence of the split beam are changed, and the measured beam (1, 1) is separated from the beam (1, 2) by a distance d12Is 8mm and the light beams (1, 2) are spaced apart from the light beams (1, 3) by a distance d23Is 4 mm. Therefore, the beam splitter described in this embodiment can adjust the plate parameter a through phasenAnd bnTo regulate the lateral and longitudinal beamlet spacings, respectively.
In order to verify that the beam splitting device can achieve flexible beam splitting on any partially coherent light beam, light beams with more complex structures are selected as incident light beams and respectively selected as partially coherent elegant Hermitian Gaussian beams (the light intensity and the coherence are respectively shown in figures 5(a1) and 5(b1)) and Hermitian Gaussian associated Sherrer mode beams (the light intensity and the coherence are respectively shown in figures 5(a2) and 5(b2)), wherein the cross spectral density function of the partially coherent elegant Hermitian Gaussian beams is as follows:
Figure BDA0002195679300000111
the cross spectral density function of a partially coherent Hermite associated Sierpian beam is:
Figure BDA0002195679300000112
wherein HnRepresents an n-th order hermitian polynomial, where n-m-2 is chosen. In addition, the wavelength, the spot width and the coherence width of the incident beams of the two lenses are the same as the values of corresponding parameters of Gaussurel mode beams, and the focal length of the thin lens is still selected to be f equal to 400 mm. The phase plate parameters were chosen the same as in fig. 3(a 1).
After the complex laser beam is split by the beam splitting device, the light intensity distribution graph and the coherence distribution graph of the receiving surface of the complex laser beam are shown in fig. 6, wherein fig. 6(a1) and fig. 6(b1) are respectively a light intensity distribution graph and a coherence distribution graph of a partially coherent elegant hermitian beam split by the beam splitter described in this embodiment, and fig. 6(a2) and fig. 6(b2) are respectively a light intensity distribution graph and a coherence distribution graph of a hermitian gaussian correlation scherrer mode beam split by the beam splitter described in this embodiment, and it can be seen by comparing with fig. 5 that the beam splitter described in this embodiment can indeed flexibly split the complex laser beam.
In conclusion, the flexible beam splitter for partially coherent light beams can flexibly split any incident partially coherent light beams, the number, the distribution form and the distribution spacing of the split light beams are regulated and controlled by changing the parameters of the phase plate, the device is simple in equipment, low in cost, easy to build, high in quality of the generated split light beams and applicable to incident light with high power, and therefore the flexible beam splitter for partially coherent light beams has wide application prospects in the fields of industry, scientific research, national defense, military and the like.
Example 2:
the embodiment 2 of the present disclosure provides a working method of a partially coherent beam splitter, which uses the partially coherent beam splitter described in the embodiment 1 of the present disclosure, and includes the following steps:
creating a partially coherent beam splitter by a first lens, a phase plate and a second lens;
determining the number of transverse and longitudinal sub-beams after beam splitting and the distribution form of the sub-beams by setting parameters N and M in a phase function of the phase plate;
after the N and M parameters are determined, the constant a is adjustednAnd bnThe value size realizes the control of the sub-beam spacing of the beam splitting.
Example 3:
the disclosed embodiment 3 provides an optical device comprising the partially coherent beam splitter described in the disclosed embodiment 1.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. The partial dry beam splitter is characterized by comprising a first lens, a second lens and a phase plate, wherein the first lens and the second lens form an optical 4f system, the phase plate is arranged in the middle position of the first lens and the second lens, and the quantity, the distribution form and the sub-beam distance of the split sub-beams are controlled by adjusting the parameters of the phase plate.
2. The partially coherent beam splitter of claim 1, wherein the first and second lenses each have a focal length f, the first lens having a front focal plane that is an incident light source plane and the second lens having a back focal plane that is a receiving plane.
3. The partially coherent beam splitter of claim 2, wherein the cross-over density function of any partially coherent beam at the plane of the incident light source is W (r)1,r2) After the light beam passes through the first lens, the phase plate and the second lens, the cross spectral density function at the receiving surface of the second lens is as follows:
W(ρ1,ρ2)＝∫W(r1,r2)h*(r1,ρ1)h(r2,ρ2)d2r1d2r2
wherein the vector r1＝(x1,y1)、r2＝(x2,y2) And ρ1＝(ρx1,ρy1)、ρ2＝(ρx2,ρy2) Denotes the vector coordinates of any two points of the incident light source surface and the receiving surface, respectively, [ integral ] d2r1d2r2Representing multiple integrals, h (r), of an integrand1,ρ1) And h (r)2,ρ2) The response function of the optical system represents the complex conjugate.
4. The partially coherent beam splitter of claim 3 wherein the response function of the optical system of the first lens, the phase plate and the second lens is:
Figure FDA0002195679290000011
k 2 pi/lambda is wave number, lambda is wavelength of incident light source, xi is xix,ξy) And P (xi) is a phase function corresponding to the phase plate.
5. The partially coherent beam splitter of claim 4, wherein the phase plate has a phase function of:
Figure FDA0002195679290000021
wherein i is an imaginary symbol satisfying i2＝-1，an、bnAnd M, N are parameters of the phase plate.
By adjusting the constant anAnd bnThe adjustment and control of the sub-beam distance of the beam splitting are realized by the value size, N and M are the number of the sub-beams in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction of the beam splitting respectively, and the light beams obtained at the receiving surface are in array distribution with the light intensity and the coherence degree of NxM.
6. The partially coherent beam splitter of claim 5, wherein combining the phase function of the phase plate with the response function of the optical system results in a specific response function of the optical system that is:
where δ is the dirac function.
7. The partially coherent beam splitter of claim 6, wherein the phase function of the phase plate, the response function of the optical system, and the cross spectral density function at the receiving face of the second lens are combined to obtain an actual cross spectral density function at the receiving face of the second lens using a sampling property of the delta function as:
Figure FDA0002195679290000023
8. the partially coherent beam splitter of claim 7 in which the intensity and coherence of each split sub-beam is calculated;
let ρ be1＝ρ2The light intensity at the ρ point is obtained as ρ:
I(ρ)＝W(ρ,ρ)
ρ1and ρ2The degree of coherence between them is:
Figure FDA0002195679290000031
9. a method of operating a partially coherent beam splitter, using a partially coherent beam splitter as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 8, comprising the steps of:
creating a partially coherent beam splitter by a first lens, a phase plate and a second lens;
determining the number of transverse and longitudinal sub-beams after beam splitting and the distribution form of the sub-beams by setting parameters N and M in a phase function of the phase plate;
after the N and M parameters are determined, the constant a is adjustednAnd bnThe value size realizes the control of the sub-beam spacing of the beam splitting.
10. An optical device comprising a partially coherent beam splitter according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
CN201910847358.0A 2019-09-09 2019-09-09 Partial coherent beam splitter, working method and optical device Expired - Fee Related CN110632761B (en)

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