CN110632007A - Rapid extraction method for exposed water surface tidal flat range - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mudflat research, in particular to a method for quickly extracting a mudflat range of an exposed water surface, which comprises the steps of obtaining an image of a research area, extracting a mudflat sampling point and a water body sampling point of the exposed water surface, calculating a near infrared band reflectivity value, a blue light band reflectivity value, a green light band reflectivity value and a red light band reflectivity value of a sampling point, designing new remote sensing indexes TFI1, TFI2 and TFI3, carrying out precision comparison on the new remote sensing indexes TFI1, TFI2 and TFI3, selecting an index with higher precision for operation, and finally obtaining the range of the mudflat of the exposed water surface. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of small workload, high efficiency, easy data acquisition, high extraction precision and the like, provides a new method for long-time sequence and large-area range research of mudflat, and has a prospect of large-scale popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mudflat research, in particular to a rapid extraction method for a mudflat range exposed on a water surface.
Background
In the historical period or at present, the mudflat is always a hot spot area of coastal engineering, so that the land supply can be effectively increased for moderate reclamation, the population growth pressure is relieved, and the economic development and social progress of coastal areas are promoted. However, the high-intensity human activities can cause the mudflat to encounter unprecedented environmental pressure, and the environmental quality is increasingly deteriorated. Meanwhile, as a complex geographical body, the beach is continuously influenced by the tidal action, the dynamic evolution is rapid, the beach surface is muddy and complex, and large-area ground investigation is very difficult, so that sufficient, macroscopic and accurate beach resource information is lacked. In the early stage, the research on the mudflat is mainly to directly obtain the mudflat information through field measurement and investigation, and the method is long in time consumption and cannot carry out large-area and real-time monitoring on the mudflat. In the eighties of the last century, with the vigorous development of remote sensing technology, the defects of field measurement are effectively supplemented, and the remote sensing technology gradually becomes an effective means for mudflat research work.
At present, most of remote sensing-based mudflat range acquisition researches are obtained by analyzing and correcting instantaneous water lines, and the methods are complex in operation, poor in efficiency and difficult to realize evolution researches of long-time sequences and large-area mudflats.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a rapid extraction method of an exposed water surface beach range, which comprises the steps of downloading Landsat series images or HJ images, preprocessing the images to obtain images of a research area, then manufacturing a fishing net of the images of the research area, extracting beach sampling points and water body sampling points of the exposed water surface from small squares of the fishing net, calculating near infrared band reflectivity values, blue light band reflectivity values, green light band reflectivity values and red light band reflectivity values of the sampling points, then designing new remote sensing indexes TFI1, TFI2 and TFI3, obtaining a remote sensing index map according to calculated values of the new remote sensing indexes TFI1, TFI2 and TFI3, then counting TFI1, TFI2 and TFI3 numerical comparison maps of the sampling points through the remote sensing index map, then counting an accuracy evaluation table of a beach range extraction calculation formula according to the TFI1, TFI2 and TFI3 numerical comparison maps, and finally determining a water surface beach calculation formula with higher accuracy as an expression of the beach range according to the accuracy evaluation table, thereby accurately obtaining the range of the mudflat on the exposed water surface. The method has the advantages of small workload, high efficiency, easy data acquisition, high extraction precision and the like, can realize the research of long-time sequence and large-area range of mudflat, and effectively solves the problems mentioned in the technical background.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a rapid extraction method for the exposed water surface tidal flat range is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) downloading Landsat series images or HJ images, and carrying out data preprocessing on the Landsat series images or the HJ images to obtain research area images;
(2) uniformly extracting sampling points from the image of the research area, interpreting the sampling points by visual interpretation in combination with actually measured landform data, and then dividing sampling point areas, wherein the sampling points comprise sampling points of a beach area and sampling points of a water body area;
(3) superposing the sampling points on a research area image, and deriving reflectivity values of four wave bands of each sampling point by using ENVI software, wherein the reflectivity values of the four wave bands are near infrared band reflectivity value NIR, Blue light band reflectivity value Blue, Green light band reflectivity value Green and Red light band reflectivity value Red respectively;
(4) respectively comparing and analyzing the reflectivity values of four wave bands of the same sampling point of the beach area and the reflectivity values of four wave bands of the same sampling point of the water body area, and designing a new remote sensing index: TFI1= NIR/Blue, TFI2= NIR/Green, TFI3= NIR/Red;
in the reflectivity of the sampling point of the mudflat, the reflectivity value NIR of the near infrared band is mostly the maximum value, so when the reflectivity value NIR of the near infrared band is divided by the reflectivity values of the other three bands, the new remote sensing index value obtained under most conditions is more than or equal to 1; in the reflectivity of the water body sampling point, the near infrared band reflectivity value NIR is mostly the minimum value, so when the near infrared band reflectivity value NIR is divided by the reflectivity values of the other three bands, the new remote sensing index value obtained under most conditions is less than or equal to 1.
(5) In the ENVI software, three calculation formulas of a new remote sensing index are respectively input: TFI1= NIR/Blue, TFI2= NIR/Green, TFI3= NIR/Red, TFI1, TFI2 and TFI3 values of the image of the research area are calculated, so that an index map of a new remote sensing index TFI of the image of the research area is obtained, the TFI is determined to be more than or equal to 1 in the beach range of the exposed water surface, and then numerical comparison maps of TFI1, TFI2 and TFI3 of sampling points of the beach area and water body area are obtained through statistics;
(6) according to the numerical comparison graphs of TF1, TF2 and TF3 of the sampling point of the beach area and the sampling point of the water body area, a precision evaluation table of a calculation formula for extracting the beach range is counted, the two indexes of the beach error and the water body error are used as error evaluation criteria, the calculation formula TFI1= NIR/Blue with higher precision is determined as an expression for extracting the beach range of the exposed water surface, and finally the beach range of the exposed water surface is extracted from the image of the research area.
Further, the data preprocessing in the step (1) sequentially comprises the following steps: radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction, image cropping.
Preprocessing the downloaded Landsat image or HJ image to obtain reflectivity values of each wave band of the image; the image cutting means that images are cut by adopting a coastline of the research area, and the purpose is to ensure that the mudflat is separated from the land area.
Further, the step (2) of uniformly extracting the sampling points refers to extracting one sampling point every 1000 meters on the image of the research area.
Furthermore, the step of uniformly extracting sampling points every 1000 meters refers to the step of manufacturing a fishing net with the size of 1000m by 1000m in a research area, and then taking the center of each small square grid as a sampling point.
The sampling points are uniformly extracted to ensure that the sampling points are uniformly distributed in a research area, and the scientificity and non-contingency of experimental results are ensured.
Further, the sampling points of the beach area in the step (2) are all from the beach area exposed out of the water surface.
Further, the tidal flat error in the step (6) is the percentage of the total number of sampling points of the remote sensing index calculation formula dividing the tidal flat into the wrong water body, and the water error is the percentage of the total number of the sampling points of the remote sensing index calculation formula dividing the water body into the wrong tidal flat.
Further, the wavelength of the blue light band is 0.43 ~ 0.52.52 μm, the wavelength of the green light band is 0.52 ~ 0.6.6 μm, the wavelength of the red light band is 0.63 ~ 0.69 μm, and the wavelength of the near infrared band is 0.76 ~ 0.9.9 μm.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the existing method for extracting the mudflat on the exposed water surface, the method for quickly extracting the mudflat range on the exposed water surface has the advantages of small workload, high efficiency, easy data acquisition, high extraction precision and the like, provides a new method for long-time sequence and large-area range research of the mudflat, and has the prospect of large-scale popularization and application.
Drawings
In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the drawings required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some examples of the present invention, and it is also possible for a person skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive step.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a rapid extraction method for the exposed water surface tidal flat range;
FIG. 2 is a remote sensing image map of a study area;
FIG. 3 is a view of a sample point distribution diagram of a tidal flat and a water body;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the reflectivity of the sampling points at four bands;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the reflectance of a water body sampling point in four bands;
FIG. 6 TFI index map of an image of a study area;
FIG. 7 is a TFI value comparison graph of mudflat sampling points and water body sampling points;
FIG. 8 shows a mudflat range profile for the surface of the water.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the examples of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1, a method for rapidly extracting the tidal flat range of the exposed water surface comprises the following steps:
(1) as shown in fig. 2, the Landsat series images or the HJ images are downloaded and subjected to data preprocessing to obtain the study area images, wherein the data preprocessing sequentially comprises the following steps: radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction and image clipping;
(2) as shown in fig. 3, sampling points are uniformly extracted from an image of a research area, the sampling points are interpreted by combining actual measurement topographic data through visual interpretation, then sampling point areas are divided, wherein the sampling points comprise sampling points of a beach area and sampling points of a water body area, the uniform extraction of the sampling points refers to extracting one sampling point on the image of the research area every 1000 meters, the uniform extraction of the sampling points every 1000 meters refers to manufacturing a fishing net with 1000m × 1000m in the research area, then the center of each small square grid is used as the sampling point, and the sampling points of the beach area are all from the beach area exposed out of the water surface;
(3) as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the sampling points are superimposed on the image of the research area, and reflection values of four bands of each sampling point are derived by using the ENVI software, where the reflection values of the four bands are near-infrared band reflection value NIR, Blue, Green and Red, the wavelength of the Blue band is 0.43 ~ 0.52.52 μm, the wavelength of the Green band is 0.52 ~ 0.6.6 μm, the wavelength of the Red band is 0.63 ~ 0.69.69 μm, and the wavelength of the near-infrared band is 0.76 ~ 0.9.9 μm;
(4) as shown in fig. 4 and 5, respectively comparing and analyzing reflectance values of four wave bands of the same sampling point of the beach area and reflectance values of four wave bands of the same sampling point of the water body area, and designing a new remote sensing index: TFI1= NIR/Blue, TFI2= NIR/Green, TFI3= NIR/Red;
(5) as shown in fig. 6, in the ENVI software, three calculation formulas of the new remote sensing index are respectively input: TFI1= NIR/Blue, TFI2= NIR/Green, TFI3= NIR/Red, TFI1, TFI2 and TFI3 values of the images of the research areas are calculated, so that index maps of new remote sensing indexes TFI of the images of the research areas are obtained, the TFI indexes determine that TFI is larger than or equal to 1 and is the exposed water surface beach range, and then numerical comparison maps of TFI1, TFI2 and TFI3 of sampling points of the beach areas and water body areas are obtained through statistics, wherein the numerical comparison maps are shown in FIG. 7;
(6) according to a comparison graph of numerical values of TF1, TF2 and TF3 of sampling points of a beach area and sampling points of a water body area, a precision evaluation table of a beach range extraction calculation formula is counted, then the two indexes of a beach error and a water body error are used as error judgment standards, the beach error refers to the percentage of sampling points of the remote sensing index calculation formula, which divide the beach into water in a wrong way, in the total number of the sampling points, the water body error refers to the percentage of the sampling points of the remote sensing index calculation formula, which divide the water in a wrong way, in the beach, in the total number of the sampling points, the calculation formula TFI1= NIR/Blue with higher precision is determined as an expression for extracting the beach range of the exposed water surface, and finally the beach range of the exposed water surface is extracted from a research area.
In this example, the selected study area was located in the thatch sea. In the south of the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region in the thatch sea area, the east, west and north sides are adjacent to the land, and the river mud carried by the gulf runoff including the Qinjiang river and the Maolingjiang river is deposited near the estuary area and continuously advances to the sea to form a large sandy and muddy shoal, so that abundant coastal beach resources are bred. In the embodiment, 148 samples of the research area are extracted, and finally, 87 water body sampling points and 61 beach sampling points are determined, as shown in fig. 3;
as mentioned above, the TFI1 is more than or equal to 1, the precision of the exposed water surface beach is the best, and the comparison result is shown in the following chart after being compared with the actually measured landform chart:
the beach error of the final extraction result is only 8%, the water body error is only 1%, the extraction precision is high, and the extracted beach distribution range of the exposed water surface is shown in figure 8.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A rapid extraction method for the exposed water surface tidal flat range is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) downloading Landsat series images or HJ images, and carrying out data preprocessing on the Landsat series images or the HJ images to obtain research area images;
(2) uniformly extracting sampling points from the image of the research area, interpreting the sampling points by visual interpretation in combination with actually measured landform data, and then dividing sampling point areas, wherein the sampling points comprise sampling points of a beach area and sampling points of a water body area;
(3) superposing the sampling points on a research area image, and deriving reflectivity values of four wave bands of each sampling point by using ENVI software, wherein the reflectivity values of the four wave bands are near infrared band reflectivity value NIR, Blue light band reflectivity value Blue, Green light band reflectivity value Green and Red light band reflectivity value Red respectively;
(4) respectively comparing and analyzing the reflectivity values of four wave bands of the same sampling point of the beach area and the reflectivity values of four wave bands of the same sampling point of the water body area, and designing a new remote sensing index: TFI1= NIR/Blue, TFI2= NIR/Green, TFI3= NIR/Red;
(5) in the ENVI software, three calculation formulas of a new remote sensing index are respectively input: TFI1= NIR/Blue, TFI2= NIR/Green, TFI3= NIR/Red, TFI1, TFI2 and TFI3 values of the image of the research area are calculated, so that an index map of a new remote sensing index TFI of the image of the research area is obtained, the TFI is determined to be more than or equal to 1 in the beach range of the exposed water surface, and then numerical comparison maps of TFI1, TFI2 and TFI3 of sampling points of the beach area and water body area are obtained through statistics;
(6) according to the numerical comparison graphs of TF1, TF2 and TF3 of the sampling point of the beach area and the sampling point of the water body area, a precision evaluation table of a calculation formula for extracting the beach range is counted, the two indexes of the beach error and the water body error are used as error evaluation criteria, the calculation formula TFI1= NIR/Blue with higher precision is determined as an expression for extracting the beach range of the exposed water surface, and finally the beach range of the exposed water surface is extracted from the image of the research area.
2. The rapid extraction method of the exposed water surface beach range according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the data preprocessing in the step (1) sequentially comprises the following steps: radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction, image cropping.
3. The rapid extraction method of the exposed water surface beach range according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the step (2) of uniformly extracting the sampling points refers to extracting one sampling point every 1000 meters on the image of the research area.
4. The rapid extraction method of the exposed water surface beach range according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the step of uniformly extracting sampling points every 1000 meters is to manufacture a fishing net with the length of 1000m by 1000m in a research area, and then taking the center of each small square grid as a sampling point.
5. The rapid extraction method of the exposed water surface beach range according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) the sampling points of the beach area in the step (2) are all from the beach area exposed out of the water surface.
6. The rapid extraction method of the exposed water surface beach range according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (6) the beach error refers to the percentage of the total sampling points of the remote sensing index calculation formula for dividing the beach into the sampling points of the water body by mistake, and the water body error refers to the percentage of the total sampling points of the remote sensing index calculation formula for dividing the water body by mistake.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wavelength of blue light is 0.43 ~ 0.52 μm, the wavelength of green light is 0.52 ~ 0.6.6 μm, the wavelength of red light is 0.63 ~ 0.69.69 μm, and the wavelength of near infrared is 0.76 ~ 0.9.9 μm.
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