CN110631618B - Fiber breakage positioning method for phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system - Google Patents
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- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber breaking positioning method of a phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system, which comprises the following steps of collecting sample data and establishing a least square method data model; taking the distance from a starting point to a terminal point when the optical fiber is not broken as a standard distance, and collecting the signal intensity inside and outside the standard distance in a sensing system as process data and process quality data respectively; calculating according to the process quality data to obtain a fiber breakage judgment threshold value; obtaining a fiber breakage judgment variance according to process data in a window at the tail end of the standard distance; when the positioning variance is larger than a fiber breakage judgment threshold TH, finding out the first process data larger than the maximum value of the process quality data from the tail end of the window in a reverse order, and taking the position point corresponding to the process data as a fiber breakage position point, otherwise, continuously sliding the window; the invention can accurately and quickly find the position point of the broken fiber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of distributed optical fiber sensing, in particular to a fiber breaking positioning method of a phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system.
Background
The distributed optical fiber sensing system takes the optical fiber as a detection carrier, uses the laser as a detection signal, can obtain information of measured parameters on the whole optical fiber length along with time variation in space due to the continuity of the detection signal and the optical fiber, can realize long-distance monitoring, has mature technology and wide application, and has a very important position in the field of optical fiber sensing monitoring; the distributed optical fiber sensing system based on the phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (phi-OTDR) has the advantages of high positioning accuracy and multi-point detection, and the system has simple structure, stable system and easy realization, and becomes a new concern in the current distributed optical fiber sensing system; the device is widely used for the fields of pipe gallery external damage prevention, oil and gas pipelines, communication optical cable monitoring and the like, and is widely researched and applied; in actual use, no matter in the construction process or in later use, the possibility of fiber breakage exists, so that the fiber breakage event needs to be automatically identified and judged.
Currently, the fiber breakage positioning mainly adopts the following two modes: (1) detecting and finding an access port of a broken fiber circuit by engineering maintenance personnel; (2) carrying out multiple mean value calculation based on the signal intensity in one optical pulse period and comparing the mean value with a preset threshold value for multiple times to obtain the fiber breaking position of the system; the first mode is time-consuming and labor-consuming, complex in work and low in efficiency; the second method is more and more time-consuming in calculation and has lower accuracy, so that a method capable of solving the problems needs to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for locating a broken fiber of a phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system, which includes the steps of S1, collecting the signal intensity of a detection signal input to a detector from an optical fiber detection end under a normal working condition as sample data, and establishing a least square method data model; step S2, taking the distance from the starting point to the end point of the optical fiber under the normal working condition as a standard distance, and collecting the signal intensity of the detection signal in the standard distance and the signal intensity of the detection signal outside the standard distance in the sensing system under one optical pulse period in the running process as process data and process quality data respectively; step S3, calculating according to the process quality data and a predetermined threshold calculation method to obtain a fiber breakage judgment threshold TH; step S4, inputting the process data in the window with the window width M at the tail end of the standard distance into the least square method data model to calculate to obtain a fiber breakage judgment variance SD; step S5, determining whether the fiber breakage determination variance SD is smaller than the fiber breakage determination threshold TH and if yes, sliding the window forward by a preset distance L to obtain a current window, inputting the process data in the current window into the least square method data model, and calculating a positioning variance SD', if not, entering an ending state to end the fiber breaking judgment; step S6, determining whether the positioning variance SD' is greater than the fiber breakage determination threshold TH, and when the judgment is yes, the first process data which is larger than the maximum value of the process quality data is searched out from the tail end of the current window in a reverse order, and the position point corresponding to the process data is used as a fiber breaking position point, and thus, ending the fiber breaking positioning, otherwise, continuing to execute the step of sliding the window forward by the predetermined distance L to obtain the positioning variance SD' in step S5.
According to the prior art in the background art of the patent, the detection work is complicated and low in efficiency through engineering maintenance personnel; the time consumption is more and the accuracy is lower when the signal intensity in one optical pulse period is calculated for multiple times; the invention discloses a fiber breakage positioning method of a phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system, which is based on the coherence characteristic of a phase sensitive optical time domain reflection system, that is, the time domain signal has the characteristic of violent transient non-periodic jitter, the signal intensity transmitted to the modulator from the tail end of the optical fiber when the optical fiber is not broken is collected as quality data to establish a least square method data model, in normal operation, if the optical fiber is not broken, the signal intensity in the optical fiber is greater than the signal intensity output to the detector by the detection end of the optical fiber, therefore, the fiber breakage judgment variance SD of the window is calculated from the window at the tail end of the standard distance, when the fiber breakage judgment variance SD is smaller than the fiber breakage judgment threshold TH, the fiber breakage can be judged, otherwise, the step of positioning the fiber breakage position point is not needed when the fiber breakage is judged not to occur, so that the fiber breakage judgment is finished quickly, and the overall algorithm operation efficiency is improved; when the fiber breakage is judged to exist, the window is moved forwards continuously, a window with the positioning variance SD' larger than a fiber breakage judgment threshold TH is found out, namely the window where the fiber breakage position is located, the process data of each window do not need to be input into a least square method data model for calculation, time consumption is low, and finally the first process data larger than the maximum value of the process quality data are found out in a reverse sequence in the current window, so that the fiber breakage position point is found out accurately and quickly; and compared with the mean value calculation, the square sum calculated by adopting the least square method data model reduces the error caused by the process data calculation smaller than the mass data, so that the positioning accuracy is high.
In addition, the fiber breaking positioning method of the phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system disclosed by the invention also has the following additional technical characteristics:
further, the method for calculating the fiber breakage judgment threshold TH comprises the following steps: inputting the process quality data into the least square method data model to calculate to obtain a process quality variance, and taking the process quality variance as a threshold value to calculate a variance SQ; and multiplying the threshold calculation variance SQ by a system coefficient K to obtain the fiber breakage judgment threshold TH.
Because the time domain signal of the phase sensitive optical time domain reflection system has the characteristic of violent transient non-periodic jitter, the fiber breakage judgment threshold TH is calculated through the process quality data, so that the positioning data is more accurate.
Further, the calculation formula of the threshold calculation variance SQ is as follows (1):
wherein, the window between the optical fiber end and the detector under normal working condition is used as the process quality window, P is the width of the process quality window, and P is the width of the process quality window
N is more than or equal to 0 and is the (n + 1) th process quality data in the process quality window<P。
Further, the method for calculating the pre-fiber-breaking judgment threshold TH comprises the following steps: continuously acquiring the process quality data under N light pulse periods; respectively inputting N frames of the process quality data into the least square method data model to calculate to obtain N process quality variances; and taking the maximum value in the N process quality variances as a threshold calculation variance SQ to be multiplied by a system coefficient K to obtain the fiber breakage judgment threshold TH.
Because the time domain signal of the phase sensitive optical time domain reflection system has the characteristic of violent transient non-periodic jitter, the maximum value of the N process quality variances is used as the threshold calculation variance SQ to be multiplied by the system coefficient K to obtain the broken fiber judgment threshold TH, so that the condition of error judgment is avoided.
Further, the system coefficient K is 105-150%.
Further, the calculation formula of the fiber breakage judgment variance SD is as follows (2):
wherein, the
N is more than or equal to 0 and is the (n + 1) th process data in the window at the end of the standard distance<M, and the calculation formula of the positioning variance SD' is as the following formula (3):
wherein, the
The current window is the (n + 1) th process data.
Furthermore, the value range of the preset distance L is that L is more than 0 and less than or equal to M.
Furthermore, the value range of the preset distance L is M/4< L ≦ M.
Further, the value of the predetermined distance L is M/2.
When the predetermined distance is large, the positioning result is inaccurate, and when the predetermined distance is small, the operation time is increased.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
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The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of the method for locating the fiber breakage of a phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for locating a fiber break in a distributed optical fiber sensing system using phi-OTDR in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout; the embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "bottom", "top", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", "lateral", "vertical", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The method comprises the following steps that based on the coherence characteristic of a phase-sensitive optical time domain reflection system, namely, a time domain signal has a violent transient non-periodic jitter characteristic, a least square method data model is established by collecting the signal intensity transmitted to a modulator from the tail end of an optical fiber when the optical fiber is not broken as quality data, the broken fiber judgment variance SD of a window is obtained by calculation from the window at the tail end of a standard distance, when the broken fiber judgment variance SD is smaller than a broken fiber judgment threshold TH, the broken fiber can be judged to exist, otherwise, the step of positioning a broken fiber position point is not needed when the broken fiber is judged to not occur; when the fiber breakage is judged to exist, continuously advancing the window, and finding out a window with the positioning variance SD' being greater than a fiber breakage judgment threshold TH, namely a window with the fiber breakage position; and finally, finding out the first process data which is larger than the maximum value of the process quality data in a reverse order in the current window so as to accurately and quickly find out the fiber breaking position point.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of the method for locating the fiber breakage of a phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for locating a fiber break in a distributed optical fiber sensing system using phi-OTDR in an embodiment of the present invention.
S1, collecting the signal intensity of the detection signal input to the detector from the optical fiber detection end under normal working condition as sample data, and establishing a least square method data model; step S2, taking the distance from the starting point to the end point of the optical fiber under the normal working condition as a standard distance, and collecting the signal intensity of the detection signal in the standard distance and the signal intensity of the detection signal outside the standard distance in the sensing system under one optical pulse period in the running process as process data and process quality data respectively; step S3, calculating according to the process quality data and a predetermined threshold calculation method to obtain a fiber breakage judgment threshold TH; step S4, inputting the process data in the window with the window width M at the tail end of the standard distance into the least square method data model to calculate to obtain a fiber breakage judgment variance SD; step S5, determining whether the fiber breakage determination variance SD is smaller than the fiber breakage determination threshold TH and if yes, sliding the window forward by a preset distance L to obtain a current window, inputting the process data in the current window into the least square method data model, and calculating a positioning variance SD', if not, entering an ending state to end the fiber breaking judgment; step S6, determining whether the positioning variance SD' is greater than the fiber breakage determination threshold TH, and when the judgment is yes, the first process data which is larger than the maximum value of the process quality data is searched out from the tail end of the current window in a reverse order, and the position point corresponding to the process data is used as a fiber breaking position point, and thus, ending the fiber breaking positioning, otherwise, continuing to execute the step of sliding the window forward by the predetermined distance L to obtain the positioning variance SD' in step S5.
According to the prior art in the background art of the patent, the detection work is complicated and low in efficiency through engineering maintenance personnel; the time consumption is more and the accuracy is lower when the signal intensity in one optical pulse period is calculated for multiple times; the invention discloses a fiber breakage positioning method of a phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system, which is based on the coherence characteristic of a phase sensitive optical time domain reflection system, that is, the time domain signal has the characteristic of violent transient non-periodic jitter, the signal intensity transmitted to the modulator from the tail end of the optical fiber when the optical fiber is not broken is collected as quality data to establish a least square method data model, in normal operation, if the optical fiber is not broken, the signal intensity in the optical fiber is greater than the signal intensity output to the detector by the detection end of the optical fiber, therefore, the fiber breakage judgment variance SD of the window is calculated from the window at the tail end of the standard distance, when the fiber breakage judgment variance SD is smaller than the fiber breakage judgment threshold TH, the fiber breakage can be judged, otherwise, the step of positioning the fiber breakage position point is not needed when the fiber breakage is judged not to occur, so that the fiber breakage judgment is finished quickly, and the overall algorithm operation efficiency is improved; when the fiber breakage is judged to exist, the window is moved forwards continuously, a window with the positioning variance SD' larger than a fiber breakage judgment threshold TH is found out, namely the window where the fiber breakage position is located, the process data of each window do not need to be input into a least square method data model for calculation, time consumption is low, and finally the first process data larger than the maximum value of the process quality data are found out in a reverse sequence in the current window, so that the fiber breakage position point is found out accurately and quickly; and compared with the mean value calculation, the square sum calculated by adopting the least square method data model reduces the error caused by the process data calculation smaller than the mass data, so that the positioning accuracy is high.
In addition, the fiber breaking positioning method of the phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system disclosed by the invention also has the following additional technical characteristics:
according to some embodiments of the present invention, the method for calculating the fiber breakage determination threshold TH includes the steps of: inputting the process quality data into the least square method data model to calculate to obtain a process quality variance, and taking the process quality variance as a threshold value to calculate a variance SQ; and multiplying the threshold calculation variance SQ by a system coefficient K to obtain the fiber breakage judgment threshold TH.
Because the time domain signal of the phase sensitive optical time domain reflection system has the characteristic of violent transient non-periodic jitter, the fiber breakage judgment threshold TH is calculated through the process quality data, so that the positioning data is more accurate.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the calculation formula of the threshold calculation variance SQ is as follows (1):
wherein, the window between the optical fiber end and the detector under normal working condition is used as the process quality window, P is the width of the process quality window, and P is the width of the process quality window
N is more than or equal to 0 and is the (n + 1) th process quality data in the process quality window<P。
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the method for calculating the pre-broken fiber judgment threshold TH includes the following steps: continuously acquiring the process quality data under N light pulse periods; respectively inputting N frames of the process quality data into the least square method data model to calculate to obtain N process quality variances; and taking the maximum value in the N process quality variances as a threshold calculation variance SQ to be multiplied by a system coefficient K to obtain the fiber breakage judgment threshold TH.
Because the time domain signal of the phase sensitive optical time domain reflection system has the characteristic of violent transient non-periodic jitter, the maximum value of the N process quality variances is used as the threshold calculation variance SQ to be multiplied by the system coefficient K to obtain the broken fiber judgment threshold TH, so that the condition of error judgment is avoided.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the system coefficient K is 105% to 150%.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the calculation formula of the fiber breakage judgment variance SD is as follows (2):
wherein, the
N is more than or equal to 0 and is the (n + 1) th process data in the window at the end of the standard distance<M;
The calculation formula of the positioning variance SD' is as follows (3):
wherein, the
The current window is the (n + 1) th process data.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the predetermined distance L is in a range of 0< L ≦ M.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the predetermined distance L is in a range of M/4< L ≦ M.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the predetermined distance L takes a value of M/2.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the window width M is 50, the standard distance is 3050M, and the fiber breakage judgment threshold TH obtained by calculation is 200; as shown in fig. 2, the ordinate represents the length, the abscissa represents the signal intensity of the detection signal, and the fiber breakage judgment variance SD of the window (from 3000 + 3050) at the end of the standard distance is smaller than the fiber breakage judgment threshold TH, so that it is judged that there is a fiber breakage; when the window slides to 2975 m to 3025 m, the positioning variance SD 'of the current window is smaller than the fiber breakage judgment threshold TH, and when the window continues to slide and is positioned at 2950 m to 3000 m, the positioning variance SD' is 2296 and is obviously larger than the fiber breakage judgment threshold TH, so that the fiber breakage position is judged to be in the window; and finally, reversely searching the first process data which is larger than the maximum value of the process quality data from the tail end of the window to position the fiber breaking position.
Any reference to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "example embodiment," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention; the schematic representations in various places in the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment; further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the purview of one skilled in the art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other ones of the embodiments.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this invention; in particular, reasonable variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the foregoing disclosure, the drawings and the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention; except variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A fiber breaking positioning method of a phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, collecting the signal intensity of the detection signal input to the detector by the optical fiber detection end under the normal working condition as sample data, and establishing a least square method data model;
step S2, taking the distance from the starting point to the end point of the optical fiber under the normal working condition as a standard distance, and collecting the signal intensity of the detection signal in the standard distance and the signal intensity of the detection signal outside the standard distance in the sensing system under one optical pulse period in the running process as process data and process quality data respectively;
step S3, calculating according to the process quality data to obtain a fiber breakage judgment threshold TH;
step S4, inputting the process data in the window with the window width M at the tail end of the standard distance into the least square method data model to calculate to obtain a fiber breakage judgment variance SD;
step S5, determining whether the fiber breakage determination variance SD is smaller than the fiber breakage determination threshold TH, and if yes, sliding the window forward by a predetermined distance L to obtain a current window, inputting the process data in the current window into the least square method data model, and obtaining a positioning variance SD';
step S6, determining whether the positioning variance SD 'is greater than the fiber breakage determination threshold TH, and if yes, finding out the first process data that is greater than the maximum value of the process quality data from the end of the current window in reverse order, and using a position point corresponding to the process data as a fiber breakage position point, otherwise, continuing to execute the step of sliding the window forward by a predetermined distance L to obtain a positioning variance SD' in step S5.
2. The method for locating the fiber breakage of the phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that said method for calculating the fiber breakage determination threshold TH includes the following steps:
inputting the process quality data into the least square method data model to calculate to obtain a process quality variance, and taking the process quality variance as a threshold value to calculate a variance SQ;
and multiplying the threshold calculation variance SQ by a system coefficient K to obtain the fiber breakage judgment threshold TH.
3. The method for locating the fiber breakage of the phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system according to claim 2, wherein the calculation formula of the threshold calculation variance SQ is as follows (1):
wherein, the window between the optical fiber end and the detector under normal working condition is used as the process quality window, P is the width of the process quality window, and P is the width of the process quality window
Is the quality of the processN is more than or equal to 0 and is greater than or equal to n of the (n + 1) th process quality data in the measurement window<P。
4. The method for locating the fiber breakage of the phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that said method for calculating the fiber breakage determination threshold TH includes the following steps:
continuously acquiring the process quality data under N light pulse periods;
respectively inputting N frames of the process quality data into the least square method data model to calculate to obtain N process quality variances;
and taking the maximum value in the N process quality variances as a threshold calculation variance SQ to be multiplied by a system coefficient K to obtain the fiber breakage judgment threshold TH.
5. The method for fiber disconnection and positioning of a phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the system coefficient K is 105% -150%.
6. The method for locating the fiber breakage of the phi-OTDR distributed fiber sensing system according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the fiber breakage judgment variance SD is as follows (2):
wherein, the
N is more than or equal to 0 and is the (n + 1) th process data in the window at the end of the standard distance<M;
The calculation formula of the positioning variance SD' is as follows (3):
wherein, the
The current window is the (n + 1) th process data.
7. The method for fiber disconnection and positioning of a phi-OTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined distance L has a value range of 0< L ≦ M.
8. The method of claim 6, in which the predetermined distance L is M/4< L ≦ M.
9. The method of claim 7 in which the predetermined distance L is M/2.
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| CN114034326B (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-03-11 | 高勘(广州)技术有限公司 | Optical cable detection method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN115371794B (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-04-11 | 杭州水务数智科技股份有限公司 | Underground pipe gallery ground surface construction event positioning method based on distributed optical fiber sensor |
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