CN110629151A - Novel electric heating coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Novel electric heating coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110629151A CN110629151A CN201910940041.1A CN201910940041A CN110629151A CN 110629151 A CN110629151 A CN 110629151A CN 201910940041 A CN201910940041 A CN 201910940041A CN 110629151 A CN110629151 A CN 110629151A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
- C23C4/11—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a novel electric heating coating and a preparation method thereof, in particular to an electric heating coating which can be used for preventing and removing ice in the fields of vehicles, aerospace and the like, and relates to the technical field of thermal spraying and laser engraving. The preparation steps mainly comprise: a) inspecting the Al substrate; b) pretreating the surface of the Al substrate; c) spraying an electric heating coating on the surface of the Al substrate by using a thermal spraying technology; d) and (3) electrically heating the surface of the coating and performing laser engraving treatment. The invention has the advantages that: 1) an electrically heatable coating system of 3-layer structure was prepared by thermal spraying. 2) The invention designs a novel laser engraving process diagram, and forms discontinuous linear grooves on the surface of a coating by utilizing the interaction of laser and the coating, so that the conductive area of an electric heating coating is changed into a continuous linear shape, and the electric heating efficiency is increased. Compared with the existing electric heating coating structure, if an electrode layer is required to be prepared, the preparation process is simplified by combining the processes of thermal spraying and rapid forming technology (laser engraving treatment), and the electric heating coating structure is a novel electric heating coating structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal spraying and laser engraving, in particular to a novel electric heating coating and a preparation method thereof, which can be used for preventing and removing ice in the fields of vehicles, aerospace and the like.
Background
The electric heating coating is used for preventing and removing ice, namely the electric heating coating is constructed on the surfaces of wings and vehicle parts, and the coating is electrified and heated to prevent ice from accumulating on the surfaces of airplanes, the vehicle parts and the like. The traditional electric heating means that a resistance wire is arranged on the inner side of a substrate, and the resistance wire transmits heat to the outer side of the substrate after heating, so that the aims of preventing and removing ice are fulfilled. Therefore, the conventional method has the defects of low energy utilization rate, high requirements on heat conductivity and heat resistance of the substrate and the like, and the requirement of arranging the substrate in the substrate limits the application range. Compared with the traditional electric heating mode, the electric heating coating is distributed on the outer side of the matrix, has low requirements on heat transfer and heat resistance of the matrix, is relatively low limited by the use position, and widens the use environment. The heat energy is directly used for preventing and removing ice, and the heat energy utilization rate is high.
The thermal spraying technology has the advantages of multiple spraying methods, wide spraying material range, simple process, economy, convenience in operation and the like, is widely applied to improving the special performance of the surface of the material, and occupies an indispensable position in surface strengthening in the aspects of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, electricity, magnetism and the like. The thermal spraying NiCr alloy powder has excellent performances in the aspects of thermal shock resistance, high temperature corrosion resistance, high heat resistance, high resistance, small resistance temperature coefficient, large thermoelectric force and the like, and is a commonly used material for preparing heating components.
In the prior art, a research on a novel electric heating coating is already carried out, and a patent application No. 201610489651.0 discloses that an electric heating coating system with 4 layers of an insulating layer, an electrode layer (prepared by magnetron sputtering, chemical plating, electroplating and the like), an electric heating layer and a protective layer is prepared on the surface of a substrate, so that heating is more uniform, and the purposes of preventing and removing ice are achieved, but the preparation processes of the electric heating coating and the electrode layer are complex.
In the application document with the application number of 201710248415.4, which relates to an electric heating technology for aircraft anti-icing/deicing, the surfaces of wings and the like are coated with electrothermal coatings of silver, polyurethane, carbon fiber and the like by a coating process to form electrothermal coatings, and the electrothermal coatings are combined with a power supply system, a control system and the like to achieve the anti-icing/deicing purpose, however, the process has few types of coating materials and poor coating quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of complex process, few selection surfaces of coating material types, poor coating quality and the like in the production and preparation process of the electric heating coating in the prior art, thereby providing the electric heating coating which has simple preparation process, provides more coating material selections, has good coating quality and high electric heating efficiency of the coating and the preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following means:
the invention provides a novel electric heating coating which can be used for preventing and removing ice in the fields of vehicles, aerospace and the like2O3The conductive layer is a NiCr coating;
preferably, the thickness of the bonding layer is 0.03-0.10mm, the thickness of the electric insulation layer is 0.10-0.25mm, and the thickness of the electric conduction layer is 0.03-0.12 mm;
preferably, the thickness of the bonding layer is 0.03-0.05mm, the thickness of the electric insulation layer is 0.10-0.15mm, and the thickness of the electric conduction layer is 0.03-0.05 mm;
preferably, a plurality of discontinuous line grooves are formed on the surface of the electric heating layer in an engraving manner, the line grooves are parallel and equidistant, the width of each line groove is c, the length of each line groove is smaller than the width of the electric heating layer, the difference between the length of each line groove and the width of the electric heating layer is a distance a, the distance between two adjacent line grooves is b, the a is 0.9-1.2mm, the b is 0.1-0.2mm, and the c is 0.1-0.2 mm.
The invention further provides a preparation method of the novel electric heating coating, which comprises the following steps:
(a) detecting the Al substrate by adopting a detection means, and checking whether the surface of the Al substrate has specific defects;
(b) pretreating the surface of the Al substrate inspected in the step (a);
(c) spraying an electric heating coating on the surface of the pretreated Al substrate by adopting a thermal spraying technology;
(d) and carrying out laser engraving treatment on the surface of the electric heating layer.
Preferably, the detection means in step (a) is selected from one or more of the group consisting of, but not limited to, macroscopic observation, optical microscope sampling observation, scanning electron microscope sampling observation, surface roughness detection;
preferably, the specific defects in step (a) are selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, one or more of scratches, voids, and inclusions;
preferably, the pretreatment in step (b) comprises degreasing and/or grit blasting; most preferably, the degreasing is selected from one or more modes including but not limited to flame burning, alcohol cleaning and acetone cleaning, the sand used for sand blasting is selected from 12-45# brown corundum, and the sand blasting pressure is: 0.25-0.65 MPa;
preferably, the thermal spraying technique in step (c) is selected from one or more of the techniques including, but not limited to, atmospheric plasma spraying technique (APS), low pressure plasma spraying technique (LPPS);
preferably, in the step (d), the laser engraving process forms a plurality of discontinuous line grooves on the surface of the electric heating layer, the line grooves are parallel and equidistant, the width of each line groove is c, the depth of each line groove is h, the length of each line groove is less than the width of the electric heating layer, the difference between the length of each line groove and the width of the electric heating layer is a, the distance between two adjacent line grooves is b, the a is 0.9-1.2mm, the b is 0.1-0.2mm, the c is 0.1-0.2mm, and the h is 0.06-0.20 mm;
preferably, the wire groove depth h is 0.06-0.13 mm.
Specifically, the second objective of the present invention is to provide a novel electric heating coating structure, which comprises the following steps:
(a) detecting the Al substrate by adopting a detection means, and checking whether the surface of the Al substrate has specific defects;
(b) pretreating the surface of the inspected Al substrate;
(c) spraying an electric heating coating on the surface of the pretreated Al substrate by adopting a thermal spraying technology;
(d) and carrying out laser engraving treatment on the surface of the electric heating coating, wherein the schematic diagram of the laser engraving process is shown in figure 1. After laser treatment, discontinuous line grooves are formed on the surface of the coating, the width of each line groove is c, the length of each line groove is smaller than the width of the coating, the difference between the width of each line groove and the width of the coating is a distance a, the line grooves are parallel to and equidistant from each other, the distance is b, one end of each line groove 1 is flush with one end of the coating, the other end of each line groove 2 is flush with the other end of the coating, the line grooves and the line grooves are alternately arranged, the distance a is 0.9-1.2mm, the groove interval b is 0.1-0.2mm, and the groove width c is 0.1-.
The structural schematic diagram of the novel electric heating coating is shown in figure 2, after the two ends of the novel electric heating coating are connected with the electrodes 1, current passes through the surface of the electric heating coating, the purpose of preventing and removing ice is achieved by electrifying and heating the coating, and current guiding is shown by an arrow in figure 2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the 3-layer structure of the electric heating coating is prepared by the traditional thermal spraying method;
(2) the heating efficiency of the electric heating coating is improved through a rapid forming technology (laser engraving treatment);
(3) the hot spraying and laser engraving technology is adopted to widen the variety of coating materials, and an electric heating coating system with good coating quality is prepared;
(4) this patent utilizes hot spraying technique preparation anchor coat, electric insulation layer, 3 layers of electrical heating coating systems of conducting layer, utilizes laser and coating interact, forms discontinuous line recess on the coating surface, makes the electrically conductive region of electrical heating coating become continuous linear, has increased electrical heating efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electrically heated coating engraving process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural view of an electrically heated coating of the present invention;
wherein: 1. an electrode; 2. a wire groove; 3. an Al substrate; 4. a bonding layer; 5. an electrically insulating layer; 6. a conductive layer; a. the distance between the line groove length and the coating width; b. the distance between two adjacent line grooves; c. line groove width.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and comparative examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a novel electric heating coating comprises the following steps:
(a) detecting the Al substrate 3 by naked eyes to see whether the Al substrate 3 has scratches, cavities and impurities;
(b) wiping the Al substrate 3 by using acetone to remove oil stains on the surface of the Al substrate 3, and then blasting sand on the Al substrate 3 by using 45# brown corundum and a pressure of 0.5 MPa;
(c) using NiCr, Al2O3The powder is used as raw material powder, an atmospheric plasma spraying technology (APS) is used, NiCr coating with the thickness of 0.03mm is sprayed on the surface of an Al substrate 3 to be used as a bonding layer 4, the bonding strength of the bonding layer 4 is detected to be 45MPa, and then Al is sprayed on the bonding layer 42O3Forming an electric insulating layer 5 with the thickness of 0.09mm, and then continuously spraying NiCr as an electric conducting layer 6 with the thickness of 0.04 mm;
(d) carving the line grooves 2 on the surface of the electric heating coating according to the graph 1 by using a laser carving technology, wherein the distance a is about 1.0mm, the distance b is about 0.141mm, the distance c is about 0.165mm, and the depth h of the line grooves 2 is about 0.071mm, so that the micro-hardness of the coating of the conductive layer 6 is detected to be 247HV0.3, the porosity is 1.9%, and the oxide content is 6.5%; the microhardness of the insulating layer 5 coating was determined to be 751HV0.3 and the porosity was 1.0%.
Example 2
A preparation method of a novel electric heating coating comprises the following steps:
(a) detecting the Al substrate 3 by naked eyes to see whether the Al substrate 3 has scratches, cavities and impurities;
(b) wiping the Al substrate 3 by using acetone to remove oil stains on the surface of the Al substrate 3, and then performing sand blasting treatment on the Al substrate 3 by using 45# brown corundum and a pressure of 0.5 MPa;
(c) using NiCr, Al2O3Spraying NiCr coating with thickness of 0.04mm on Al substrate 3 surface by low pressure plasma spray coating (LPPS) to obtain bonding layer 4, detecting bonding strength of bonding layer 4 to 48MPa, and spraying Al on bonding layer 42O3The thickness of the electric insulating layer 5 is 0.10mm, and then the NiCr coating is continuously sprayed to be used as a conductive layer 6, and the thickness is 0.03 mm;
(d) carving the line grooves 2 on the surface of the electric heating coating according to the graph shown in figure 1 by using a laser carving technology, wherein the distance a is about 1.0mm, the distance b is about 0.152mm, the distance c is about 0.151mm, and the depth h of the line grooves is about 0.067mm, so that the micro-hardness of the coating of the detection conducting layer 6 is 293HV0.3, the porosity is 1.0%, and the content of oxides is 5.5%; the microhardness of the insulating layer 5 coating was measured to be 834HV0.3 and the porosity was measured to be 0.9%.
Example 3
A preparation method of a novel electric heating coating comprises the following steps:
(a) detecting the Al substrate 3 by naked eyes to see whether the Al substrate 3 has scratches, cavities and impurities;
(b) wiping the Al substrate 3 with acetone and alcohol to remove oil stains on the surface of the Al substrate 3, and then performing sand blasting treatment on the Al substrate 3 with 45# brown corundum under the pressure of 0.5 MPa;
(c) using NiCr, Al2O3Spraying NiCr coating with thickness of 0.04mm on Al substrate 3 surface by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) to obtain bonding layer 4, detecting bonding strength of bonding layer 4 to 42MPa, and spraying Al on bonding layer 42O3As an electric insulating layer, the thickness is 0.12mm, and then, a NiCr coating is continuously sprayed to be used as a conductive layer 5, the thickness is 0.04 mm;
(d) carving groove 2 on the surface of the electric heating coating according to the graph shown in figure 1 by using a laser carving technology, wherein the distance a is about 1.0mm, the distance b is about 0.119mm, the distance c is about 0.186mm, and the depth h of the groove 2 is about 0.078mm, so that the micro-hardness of the coating of the detection conducting layer 6 is 267HV0.3, the porosity is 1.2%, and the content of oxides is 7.0%; the microhardness of the insulating layer 5 coating was 785HV0.3 and the porosity was 1.1%.
The above detailed description section specifically describes the analysis method according to the present invention. It should be noted that the above description is only for the purpose of helping those skilled in the art better understand the method and idea of the present invention, and not for the limitation of the related contents. The present invention may be appropriately adjusted or modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and the adjustment and modification also fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a novel electrical heating coating, its characterized in that, includes Al base plate and electric heating layer, electric heating layer includes anchor coat, electrical insulation layer, conducting layer, the anchor coat is the NiCr coating, electrical insulation layer is Al2O3And the conductive layer is a NiCr coating.
2. The novel electrically heated coating of claim 1, wherein the bonding layer is 0.03-0.10mm thick, the electrically insulating layer is 0.10-0.25mm thick, and the electrically conductive layer is 0.03-0.12mm thick.
3. The novel electrically heated coating of claim 2, wherein the bonding layer is 0.03-0.05mm thick, the electrically insulating layer is 0.10-0.15mm thick, and the electrically conductive layer is 0.03-0.05mm thick.
4. The novel electric heating coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of discontinuous line grooves are engraved on the surface of the electric heating layer, the line grooves are parallel and equidistant, the width of each line groove is c, the length of each line groove is smaller than the width of the electric heating layer, the line groove is different from the width of the electric heating layer by a distance a, the distance between two adjacent line grooves is b, the a is 0.9-1.2mm, the b is 0.1-0.2mm, and the c is 0.1-0.2 mm.
5. A method for preparing a novel electrically heatable coating according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
(a) detecting the Al substrate by adopting a detection means, and checking whether the surface of the Al substrate has specific defects;
(b) pretreating the surface of the Al substrate inspected in the step (a);
(c) spraying an electric heating coating on the surface of the pretreated Al substrate by adopting a thermal spraying technology;
(d) and carrying out laser engraving treatment on the surface of the electric heating layer.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the detection means in step (a) is selected from one or more of the group consisting of, but not limited to, visual observation, optical microscope sampling observation, scanning electron microscope sampling observation, and surface roughness detection.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the specific defects in step (a) are selected from one or more of the group consisting of but not limited to scratches, voids, and inclusions.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the pretreatment in step (b) comprises degreasing and/or grit blasting; most preferably, the degreasing is selected from one or more modes including but not limited to flame burning, alcohol cleaning and acetone cleaning, the sand used for sand blasting is selected from 12-45# brown corundum, and the sand blasting pressure is: 0.25-0.65 MPa.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the thermal spraying technique in step (c) is selected from one or more of the group consisting of, but not limited to, atmospheric plasma spraying technique (APS), low pressure plasma spraying technique (LPPS).
10. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the laser engraving process in step (d) forms a plurality of discontinuous line grooves on the surface of the electric heating layer, the line grooves are parallel and equidistant, the line groove width is c, the line groove depth is h, the line groove length is smaller than the electric heating layer width and is different from the electric heating layer width by a distance a, the distance between two adjacent line grooves is b, the a is 0.9-1.2mm, the b is 0.1-0.2mm, the c is 0.1-0.2mm, and the h is 0.06-0.20 mm.
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Cited By (2)
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CN112746237A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-04 | 佛山桃园先进制造研究院 | Novel electric heating coating, preparation method and application |
CN112746242A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-04 | 佛山桃园先进制造研究院 | Electric heating coating for improving electric energy utilization efficiency and temperature control and preparation method thereof |
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CN112746237A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-04 | 佛山桃园先进制造研究院 | Novel electric heating coating, preparation method and application |
CN112746242A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-04 | 佛山桃园先进制造研究院 | Electric heating coating for improving electric energy utilization efficiency and temperature control and preparation method thereof |
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