CN110629004B - Heat treatment process of low-carbon stainless steel plate - Google Patents
Heat treatment process of low-carbon stainless steel plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110629004B CN110629004B CN201911034063.8A CN201911034063A CN110629004B CN 110629004 B CN110629004 B CN 110629004B CN 201911034063 A CN201911034063 A CN 201911034063A CN 110629004 B CN110629004 B CN 110629004B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a low-carbon stainless steel plate, which optimizes, improves and adjusts the heat treatment steps and parameters of the existing low-carbon stainless steel plate through the systematic research and the observation analysis of the element component content comparison experiment results of the low-carbon stainless steel material and the comparison analysis of the influence results of each process step on the mechanical property of the product, thereby better controlling the phase composition and the morphology of the microstructure of the low-carbon stainless steel product, establishing the optimized process steps of cold rolling, annealing, acid washing, solid solution treatment and cryogenic treatment, obtaining the improvement of the low-carbon stainless steel on the strength and the plasticity and further having good application performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal heat treatment, in particular to a heat treatment process of a low-carbon stainless steel plate.
Background
With the development of economy, the stainless steel plate is in vigorous demand, and the market keeps firm. With the rapid growth of the fields of bridges, shipbuilding, western and east gas transmission, boiler containers and the like in recent years, the vigorous development of the industry, the construction industry and the like is promoted, the domestic consumption of stainless steel plates is rapidly increased along with the increase of the total consumption of steel, and the variety and the specification are increasingly diversified.
At present, the share of domestic stainless steel plates in domestic markets has a great advantage, like common ships, common pots and the like can basically meet market requirements, but product supply has structural defects, and mainly some low-carbon stainless steel plates with high added values cannot be produced or the quality cannot meet the requirements of users. The low-carbon stainless steel plate has the characteristics of good machinability, light weight under the same strength and the like and is widely applied. However, the production process requires high process technology control precision and large impact on equipment, and the product has certain difference with foreign advanced levels in dimensional precision and surface quality, and is easy to have the phenomena of low strength, poor corrosion resistance, short service life and the like. In order to further develop the application range of the alloy material and improve the comprehensive mechanical property of the low-carbon stainless steel material, the inventor makes intensive research and analysis on the comprehensive mechanical property, and further develops the application of the low-carbon stainless steel material in the field of high-strength and high-toughness products.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of the low-carbon stainless steel plate in the aspects of strength, plasticity and the like, eliminate residual stress caused by a rolling process and prolong the service life of a product, the invention provides a heat treatment process of the low-carbon stainless steel plate. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a heat treatment process of a low-carbon stainless steel plate comprises the following steps:
a) cold rolling; adopting a rolling mode that the relative deformation of a single pass does not exceed 45%, wherein the cogging rolling deformation is 30-40%, and the final rolling pass deformation is accurately controlled to be 15-18%;
b) annealing; before the annealing is started, the temperature of the stainless steel plate is raised to 560-660 ℃ for 90-150 minutes, the temperature is kept for 20-40 minutes, then the temperature is raised to 980-1080 ℃ after 200-240 minutes, the temperature is kept for 2-3 hours, then the temperature is lowered to 580-630 ℃ after 100-180 minutes, and then the stainless steel plate is taken out of the furnace and cooled to room temperature;
c) acid washing; carrying out first pickling by using a mixed acid solution containing nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, wherein the concentration of the nitric acid is 30-50 g/L, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.5-1 time of the concentration of the nitric acid, the pickling time is 10-30 seconds, and then carrying out second pickling, wherein the second pickling is carried out by using a mixed acid solution of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and the concentration of the nitric acid is 10-20 g/L;
d) solution treatment; preheating the stainless steel plate under the protection of argon, then heating to 950-1020 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-80 minutes.
e) Carrying out cryogenic treatment; after the solid solution treatment, the stainless steel plate is placed in a cryogenic environment at the temperature of-70 to-40 ℃ for 120-180 minutes, and then taken out to the room temperature.
The stainless steel plate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.03 to 0.10, Si: 0.50 to 1.50, Mn: 2.30-2.80, P is less than 0.005, S is less than 0.010, Cr: 8.50-13.50, Ti: 0.05 to 0.15, Nb: 0.05 to 0.08, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, in the step d), the preheating temperature is 400-450 ℃, and the preheating and heat preservation time is 30-50 minutes.
The stainless steel plate has the hardness of at least HRC 52, the yield strength of 725-750 MPa and the elongation of 17-19%.
The grain size of the stainless steel plate finished product is 9.0 grade.
The stainless steel sheet is used for building components or electrical equipment structural parts.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that through the comparative analysis of alloy elements in the low-carbon stainless steel, the microstructure corresponding to the alloy elements and the influence results of all process steps on the mechanical properties of the product, the heat treatment steps and parameters of the existing low-carbon stainless steel plate are optimized, improved and adjusted, so that the phase composition and the morphology of the microstructure of the low-carbon stainless steel product are better controlled, the optimized process steps of cold rolling, annealing, pickling, solid solution treatment and cryogenic treatment are formulated, the improvement of the strength and the plasticity of the low-carbon stainless steel is obtained, and the application performance is good.
Detailed Description
In the heat treatment process of the low-carbon stainless steel material, the hardness and the strength of the alloy material can be greatly enhanced by applying the solution treatment, but the plasticity of the material tends to be reduced. In particular, if the solution treatment is not carried out in advance, or if the solution temperature is too long, the possibility that the metastable phase is further decomposed into a discontinuous cell structure becomes large, and the phase particles are dissolved and precipitated in the form of particles at the initial stage. As the discontinuous precipitation reaction proceeds, the phases grow into the matrix in flake form, forming a flake-form discontinuous precipitate. At the same time, the particulate phase is constantly dissolved and precipitated in the supersaturated phase to complete redistribution of the solute, which will drastically deteriorate the plasticity of the alloy.
In terms of alloying elements, the inventor researches prove that the combined action of trace elements Ti and Nb can play a good role in the structure refinement, but when the content of Nb is increased to be higher than that of the application, the refinement effect is not obvious from the beginning. Most of the added Si atoms are fused with Ti and Nb atoms, and play an important role in refining grains of the alloy. After a trace amount of Ti element is added into the low-carbon stainless steel plate, the low-carbon stainless steel plate can have an ideal recrystallization structure after heat treatment, and particularly, metallurgical particles formed by Ti atoms added into the alloy are widely present in a crystal boundary and a matrix, so that the formation of a cell-like structure is strongly inhibited. The smaller the crystal grain size is, the stronger the inhibition effect on the cell-like structure is, and meanwhile, the inhibition level is obviously improved in the process of gradually increasing the content of Ti element. That is, the forming time of the cellular structure in the low-carbon stainless steel is correspondingly increased, the growth speed of the cellular structure is greatly reduced, and the size is obviously reduced, so that the properties of the stainless steel plate, such as hardness, yield strength, elongation and the like, are improved by controlling the mutual correlation influence of Cr, Ti and Nb elements in the low-carbon stainless steel.
According to the research of the inventor, the low-carbon stainless steel material can remove the Si-containing oxide layer by using a conventional pickling method such as nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and the like after annealing, but the chemical conversion treatment efficiency is not very high. Particularly, when the pickling operation is improper, the concentration of the acid solution is too high, which causes the Fe element on the surface of the low-carbon stainless steel material to be oxidized and separated out, and if the concentration of the acid solution is too low, the Si oxide layer is not completely removed. In the invention, the first pickling is carried out by using mixed acid liquid containing nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, the concentration of the nitric acid is 50g/L, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.5 times of the concentration of the nitric acid, the pickling time is 10 seconds, and then the second pickling is carried out, wherein the second pickling is carried out by using mixed acid liquid of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and the concentration of the nitric acid is 10 g/L. After adjustment, the efficiency and the pickling effect of the pickling step are obviously improved, and adverse effects caused by improper acid liquor concentration during pickling are inhibited.
Example 1:
a heat treatment process of a low-carbon stainless steel plate comprises the following steps: a) cold rolling; adopting a rolling mode that the relative deformation of a single pass does not exceed 45 percent, wherein the cogging rolling deformation is 30 percent, and the final rolling pass deformation is accurately controlled to be 15 percent; b) annealing; before the annealing is started, the stainless steel plate is heated to 560 ℃ for 90 minutes and is kept warm for 20 minutes, then the temperature is raised to 980 ℃ for annealing after 200 minutes, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, then the temperature is reduced to 580 ℃ after 100 minutes, and then the stainless steel plate is taken out of the furnace and is cooled to room temperature; c) acid washing; carrying out first pickling by using a mixed acid solution containing nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, wherein the concentration of the nitric acid is 50g/L, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.5 times of the concentration of the nitric acid, the pickling time is 10 seconds, and then carrying out second pickling, wherein the second pickling is carried out by using the mixed acid solution of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and the concentration of the nitric acid is 10 g/L; d) solution treatment; preheating the stainless steel plate under the protection of argon, then heating to 950 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 20 minutes. e) Carrying out cryogenic treatment; after the solution treatment, the stainless steel plate is placed in a cryogenic environment at the temperature of-70 ℃ for 150 minutes, and then taken out to the room temperature.
The stainless steel plate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.03, Si: 0.50, Mn: 2.80, P: 0.004, S: 0.005, Cr: 10.50, Ti: 0.05, Nb: 0.06, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The stainless steel plate has the hardness of HRC 52, the yield strength of 725MPa and the elongation of 19%.
Example 2:
a heat treatment process of a low-carbon stainless steel plate comprises the following steps: a) cold rolling; adopting a rolling mode that the relative deformation of a single pass does not exceed 45 percent, wherein the cogging rolling deformation is 40 percent, and the final rolling pass deformation is accurately controlled to be 18 percent; b) annealing; before the annealing is started, the stainless steel plate is heated to 590 ℃ for 120 minutes and is kept warm for 35 minutes, then the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃ for 220 minutes, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, then the temperature is reduced to 600 ℃ after 120 minutes, and then the stainless steel plate is taken out of the furnace and is cooled to room temperature; c) acid washing; carrying out first pickling by using a mixed acid solution containing nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, wherein the concentration of the nitric acid is 40g/L, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 1 time of that of the nitric acid, the pickling time is 20 seconds, and then carrying out second pickling, wherein the second pickling is carried out by using the mixed acid solution of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and the concentration of the nitric acid is 15 g/L; d) solution treatment; preheating the stainless steel plate under the protection of argon, then heating to 1000 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 40 minutes. e) Carrying out cryogenic treatment; after the solid solution treatment, the stainless steel plate is placed in a cryogenic environment at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ for 120 minutes, and then taken out to the room temperature. In the step d), the preheating temperature is 420 ℃, and the preheating and heat preservation time is 40 minutes.
The stainless steel plate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.10, Si: 1.50, Mn: 2.80, P: 0.002, S: 0.002, Cr: 13.50, Ti: 0.10, Nb: 0.05, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The stainless steel plate has the hardness of HRC 54, the yield strength of 750MPa and the elongation of 17%.
The grain size of the stainless steel plate finished product is 9.0 grade.
Example 3:
a heat treatment process of a low-carbon stainless steel plate comprises the following steps:
a) cold rolling; adopting a rolling mode that the relative deformation of a single pass does not exceed 45 percent, wherein the cogging rolling deformation is 35 percent, and the final rolling pass deformation is accurately controlled to be 16 percent; b) annealing; before the annealing is started, the stainless steel plate is heated to 640 ℃ for 100 minutes and is kept warm for 25 minutes, then the temperature is raised to 1080 ℃ after 220 minutes, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, then the temperature is reduced to 600 ℃ after 120 minutes, and then the stainless steel plate is taken out of the furnace and is cooled to room temperature; c) acid washing; carrying out first pickling by using a mixed acid solution containing nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, wherein the concentration of the nitric acid is 50g/L, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.8 time of the concentration of the nitric acid, the pickling time is 15 seconds, and then carrying out second pickling, wherein the second pickling is carried out by using the mixed acid solution of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and the concentration of the nitric acid is 15 g/L; d) solution treatment; preheating the stainless steel plate under the protection of argon, then heating to 1020 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-80 minutes. e) Carrying out cryogenic treatment; after the solid solution treatment, the stainless steel plate is placed in a cryogenic environment at the temperature of minus 50 ℃ for 160 minutes, and then taken out to the room temperature. The preheating temperature is 420 ℃, and the preheating and heat preservation time is 50 minutes.
The stainless steel plate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.08, Si: 1.20, Mn: 2.50, P: 0.001, S: 0.005, Cr: 10.50, Ti: 0.12, Nb: 0.08, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The stainless steel plate has the hardness of HRC 55, the yield strength of 740MPa and the elongation of 17 percent.
The grain size of the stainless steel plate finished product is 9.0 grade.
The stainless steel sheet is used for building components or electrical equipment structural parts.
As can be seen from examples 1-3, the experimental results show that: the inventor carries out optimization, improvement and adjustment on the heat treatment steps and parameters of the existing low-carbon stainless steel plate by carrying out systematic research and observation analysis on the element component content comparison experiment results of the low-carbon stainless steel material and carrying out comparison analysis on the influence results of the process steps on the mechanical properties of the product, thereby better controlling the phase composition and the morphology of the microstructure of the low-carbon stainless steel product, establishing the optimized process steps of cold rolling, annealing, pickling, solution treatment and cryogenic treatment, obtaining the improvement of the low-carbon stainless steel on the strength and the plasticity and further having good application performance.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A heat treatment process of a low-carbon stainless steel plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps:
a) cold rolling; adopting a rolling mode that the relative deformation of a single pass does not exceed 45%, wherein the cogging rolling deformation is 30-40%, and the final rolling pass deformation is accurately controlled to be 15-18%;
b) annealing; before the annealing is started, the temperature of the stainless steel plate is raised to 560-660 ℃ for 90-150 minutes, the temperature is kept for 20-40 minutes, then the temperature is raised to 980-1080 ℃ after 200-240 minutes, the temperature is kept for 2-3 hours, then the temperature is lowered to 580-630 ℃ after 100-180 minutes, and then the stainless steel plate is taken out of the furnace and cooled to room temperature;
c) acid washing; carrying out first pickling by using a mixed acid solution containing nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, wherein the concentration of the nitric acid is 30-50 g/L, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.5-1 time of the concentration of the nitric acid, the pickling time is 10-30 seconds, and then carrying out second pickling, wherein the second pickling is carried out by using a mixed acid solution of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and the concentration of the nitric acid is 10-20 g/L;
d) solution treatment; preheating the stainless steel plate under the protection of argon, then heating to 950-1020 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-80 minutes;
e) carrying out cryogenic treatment; after the solid solution treatment, putting the stainless steel plate into a cryogenic environment at the temperature of-70 to-40 ℃, keeping the temperature for 120 to 180 minutes, and then taking out the stainless steel plate to the room temperature;
the stainless steel plate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.03 to 0.10, Si: 0.50 to 1.50, Mn: 2.30-2.80, P is less than 0.005, S is less than 0.010, Cr: 8.50-13.50, Ti: 0.05 to 0.15, Nb: 0.05 to 0.08, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
the stainless steel plate has the hardness of at least HRC 52, the yield strength of 725-750 MPa and the elongation of 17-19%.
2. The heat treatment process according to claim 1, wherein in the step d), the preheating temperature is 400 to 450 ℃ and the preheating and heat preservation time is 30 to 50 minutes.
3. The heat treatment process according to claim 1, wherein the finished stainless steel plate has a grain size of grade 9.0.
4. The heat treatment process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the stainless steel sheet is used for a building member or an electrical equipment structural member.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101612700A (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2009-12-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | The preparation method of seamless steel tubes made of martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel |
| CN102242313A (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2011-11-16 | 山东建筑大学 | High-hardness silver-bearing martensite antibacterial stainless steel |
| CN108950417A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-12-07 | 合肥久新不锈钢厨具有限公司 | A kind of processing technology of tap special stainless steel material |
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| JPH0774384B2 (en) * | 1990-05-10 | 1995-08-09 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Manufacturing method of stainless steel sheet with excellent corrosion resistance and workability |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101612700A (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2009-12-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | The preparation method of seamless steel tubes made of martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel |
| CN102242313A (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2011-11-16 | 山东建筑大学 | High-hardness silver-bearing martensite antibacterial stainless steel |
| CN108950417A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-12-07 | 合肥久新不锈钢厨具有限公司 | A kind of processing technology of tap special stainless steel material |
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