CN110628650A - Phytophthora infestans culture medium RIS and method for detecting phytophthora infestans pathogenicity to plants - Google Patents
Phytophthora infestans culture medium RIS and method for detecting phytophthora infestans pathogenicity to plants Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural biology, and particularly relates to a phytophthora infestans culture medium RIS and a method for detecting the pathogenicity of phytophthora infestans to plants. The phytophthora infestans culture medium comprises rice flour, various inorganic salts and other components. The method for detecting the pathogenicity of the phytophthora infestans on the plants comprises the step of detecting the pathogenicity of the phytophthora infestans cultured in the substitute culture medium by using the plant aseptic seedlings. The culture medium has the advantages of easily obtained components, simple preparation process, good hypha growth speed, spore production capacity and long-term storage and recovery capacity; the detection method can more accurately present the interaction relationship between plants and pathogenic bacteria under the condition of plant tissue culture, and provides a stable research system and a verification platform for simplifying the culture of the tomato phytophthora infestans and researching the molecular mechanism of the interaction between the tomato and the phytophthora infestans.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural biology, and particularly relates to a phytophthora infestans culture medium RIS and a method for detecting the pathogenicity of phytophthora infestans to plants.
Background
Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de bary) is a pathogenic bacterium which has the greatest harm to solanaceae crops, is more difficult to control than rice blast and wheat rust, can cause solanaceae late blight, mainly harms the production of food and vegetable crops such as potatoes, tomatoes and the like, and causes serious economic loss. Phytophthora infestans is a model species of oomycete, but the mechanism by which the oomycete infects host plants is currently unknown. Partial genome sequencing work of phytophthora infestans has been completed in 2009, and an agrobacterium-mediated phytophthora infestans genetic transformation system is developed in the prior art. However, it is particularly necessary to construct a phytophthora infestans culture method with simple preparation process and easily obtained culture medium components for developing a more efficient phytophthora infestans genetic transformation method. Potato tubers and slices are commonly used for the cultivation of phytophthora infestans, but frequent transfer of material is required and the isolated pathogens are often disturbed and contaminated by other microorganisms. The prior art also uses some semisynthetic or organic media to meet the growth of phytophthora infestans pathogens and sporangium formation, including wheat, rye, green beans, potatoes, peas, kidney beans, yeast powder, sweet corn, green beans, oats, grains, V8 juice, black beans, red kidney beans, soybeans, and carrots. However, the above culture media all have the defects of complicated preparation, low culture efficiency and the like to different degrees. The systematic research on pathogens needs a simpler and more efficient culture medium, and particularly can establish a good culture system for establishing an efficient phytophthora infestans genetic transformation system.
For leaf-borne diseases, host plant pathogenic leaves are often used for pathogenicity determination of pathogenic bacteria, however, pathogenicity detection experiments are often carried out in an open environment, and results are often subjected to large errors due to pollution of other microorganisms. In order to improve the accuracy of pathogenicity analysis of a test plant, pathogenicity analysis needs to be performed in a separate environment without contamination by other microorganisms. At present, no report on novel simple culture of phytophthora infestans and a plant pathogenic bacteria in-bottle interaction method exists in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a phytophthora infestans culture medium RIS.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for detecting the plant pathogenic ability of Phytophthora infestans.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the phytophthora infestans culture medium comprises the following components: rice flour 8-12g/L, NaNO3 0.3-0.8g/L、MgSO4·7H20.05-0.15g/L, KCl 0.05.05-0.15 g/L of O and 12-18g/L of agar powder.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the phytophthora infestans culture medium comprises the following components: rice flour 10g/L, NaNO3 0.5g/L、MgSO4·7H20.1g/L, KCl 0.1.1 g/L of O and 15g/L of agar powder.
The method for detecting the pathogenicity of phytophthora infestans on a plant according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of:
(1) culturing a sterile seedling of a host plant;
(2) inoculating the pathogenic fungi sporangium suspension prepared from the pathogenic fungi culture medium on the sterile seedling leaf cultured in the step (1), and culturing at 20 ℃ with the photoperiod of 120 mu mol-2s-1The intensity light is dark for 16h and 8 h;
(3) and observing the phytophthora infestans on the leaves, and determining the anti-infection performance of the host plant.
According to the method for detecting the pathogenicity of phytophthora infestans on plants in the embodiment of the invention, in the step (1), the sterile seedling culture comprises the following steps: sterilizing host plant seeds, and accelerating germination at a low temperature of 4 ℃ for 2-3 d; then sowing the germinated seeds in MS culture medium,the illumination intensity is 150 mu mol.m at 16h illumination/8 h darkness-2s-1Culturing under the tissue culture conditions of (1).
According to the method for detecting the plant pathogenicity of phytophthora infestans, in the step (1), the host plants comprise NC89 tobacco, W38 tobacco, Shanxi tobacco, Buna tobacco, tomatoes (MM and MT), Solanum lyratum, petunia, eggplants, Lycium barbarum and Arabidopsis thaliana.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
T124and T12The two kinds of pathogenic phytophthora in RIS are cultured for 9 days, the radial growth capacity is good, and T124The growth radius of aerial hypha can reach 41.90mm, and T12The growth radius of the aerial hyphae can reach 41.80 mm; t is124The number of spores produced can reach 3225/cm2，T124The number of spores produced can reach 3270/cm2(ii) a The hyphae of the two phytophthora infestans are all grey white.
According to the method for detecting the pathogenicity of the phytophthora infestans on the plants, the closed sterile culture bottle is used as a good micro-chamber for researching the interaction between the plants and pathogenic bacteria, the pollution of other microorganisms can be effectively avoided, the cost is lower than that of indoor operation, and the experimental result is accurate.
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FIG. 1 shows T cultured on the medium RIS of the present invention124And T12Pathogenicity and toxicity of Phytophthora infestans to tomato MM, wherein A and A1 are T124(ii) a B and B1 are T12(ii) a A-A1 and B-B1 are RIS;
FIG. 2 shows the pathogenicity of Phytophthora infestans for various Solanaceae and Arabidopsis, wherein A-A2 is W38 tobacco; B-B2 is Shanxi tobacco; C-C2 is NC89 tobacco; D-D2 is Bunsen tobacco; E-E2 is tomato MT; F-F2 is Solanum lycocarpum; G-G2 is petunia; H-H2 is white eggplant; I-I2 is fructus Lycii; J-J2 is Arabidopsis; A-E and F-J are different plants inoculated with phytophthora infestans T124(from) symptoms of the entire plant; A1-E1 and F1-J1 are local symptoms of inoculated leaves; A2-E2 and F2-J2 are microscopic symptoms of inoculated leaves.
Detailed Description
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of Phytophthora infestans Medium
1. The culture medium RIS of the invention comprises the following components: rice flour 8g/L, NaNO3 0.3g/L、MgSO4·7H20.05g/L, KCl 0.05.05 g/L of O and 12g/L of agar powder.
2. The culture medium RIS of the invention comprises the following components: rice flour 10g/L, NaNO3 0.5g/L、MgSO4·7H20.1g/L, KCl 0.1.1 g/L of O and 15g/L of agar powder.
3. The culture medium RIS of the invention comprises the following components: rice flour 12g/L, NaNO3 0.8g/L、MgSO4·7H20.15g/L, KCl 0.05.05-15 g/L of O and 18g/L of agar powder.
Example 2 hyphal growth rate, spore production ability, and recovery ability for long-term storage of the culture medium of the present invention
Rye culture medium and other 35 kinds of contrast culture medium are prepared for comparing the effects with the culture medium of the invention, and the specific steps are as follows:
table 135 reference media Serial number, name abbreviations, names and Components
2.1 cultivation of Phytophthora infestans
Preparation of phytophthora infestans T by liquid culture method124、T12Sporangia suspension (8.0X 10)3Sporangia/ml). 25mL of the culture medium of the present invention and the control culture medium were added to 90mm dishes, respectively, to prepare a solid plate, and 10. mu.l of the pathogenic sporangium suspension was dropped into the center of the culture medium. Each medium was repeated 10 times. All inoculated cultures were inverted in an incubator at 20 ℃ in the dark.
2.2 measurement of hyphal radius
After inoculation with Phytophthora infestans, T is determined124And T12The hyphal growth radius after 9 days of growth on 37 media (rye media as control media) is shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2T124And T12Hyphal growth radius data in 37 media
Note: capital and lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 1% and 5% probability levels, respectively. Significance of difference Duncan test was performed using SPSS 16.0.
The results show that the effect of the RIS medium is equivalent to that of the rye medium, the two media have no significant difference, the growth radius is more than 41mm, and the RIS medium can be used as an ideal substitute for the rye medium (control).
2.3 statistics of spore yields
15d after inoculation of Phytophthora infestans, 3 disks (0.5 cm) of the cultured Phytophthora infestans were obtained from each culture dish by using a punch2) Sporangia were suspended in 1ml of distilled water, and the yield of sporangia was counted using a hemocytometer. Each medium was treated 5 times and the whole experiment was repeated 3 times.
TABLE 3T124And T12Spore production data in 37 media
Note: capital and lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 1% and 5% probability levels, respectively. Significance of difference Duncan test was performed using SPSS 16.0.
The results show that the RIS medium has equivalent culture effect with the rye medium (control), has no significant difference, has the sporangium yield of more than 3200, and can be used as an ideal substitute for the rye medium (control).
2.4 evaluation of Long-term storage restorability
A punch was used to obtain a Phytophthora infestans disc (0.5 cm) from each dish2) They were transferred to the same medium to further evaluate their growth ability. Hyphal growth was recorded daily after inoculation. And evaluating the recovery capability of the phytophthora infestans cultured in different candidate culture media. After 14 days post inoculation, a total of 40 Phytophthora infestans discs were removed from the edge of the colonies cultured in each candidate medium and transferred to 40 vials (10mL) each containing 5mL of the corresponding liquid medium. The vials were stored in a dark environment at 4 ℃ and 20 ℃.5 bottles of each culture medium were sampled every month for 1 month, 3 months, 5 months, and 7 months, respectively. The fungi in the flasks were transferred to rye medium and evaluated for long term storage recovery.
TABLE RIS Medium vs. Phytophthora infestans T after 1-7 months of storage at 44 ℃ and 20 ℃124Effect of number of sporangia
TABLE RIS Medium vs. Phytophthora infestans T after 1-7 months of storage at 54 ℃ and 20 ℃12Effect of number of sporangia
Note: capital and lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 1% and 5% probability levels, respectively. Significance of difference Duncan test was performed using SPSS 16.0.
From the results, the long-term storage recovery of RIS medium is relatively good and can be an ideal replacement for rye medium (control).
Example 3 detection of the pathogenicity of Phytophthora infestans on plants
A method for detecting the pathogenicity of phytophthora infestans on plants, comprising the steps of:
(1) culturing a sterile seedling of a host plant;
selecting healthy and plump tobacco W38 (Shanxi, NC89, Bunsen tobacco, tomato MT, Solanum lycopersicum, petunia, eggplanta, medlar or Arabidopsis thaliana seed), surface-sterilizing with 75% (v/v) ethanol for 45s-1min, and washing with sterile water for 3-5 times; treating with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for 8-10min, and washing with sterile water for 3-5 times; placing the sterilized seeds into a sterile 1.5ml centrifuge tube, and accelerating germination at the low temperature of 4 ℃ for 2-3 d; then the mixture is sown in a glass tissue culture bottle containing MS culture medium (added with 30mg/L of sucrose and 7.8g/L of agar, pH 5.8) and placed at 25 ℃ for 16h of light/8 h of dark, and the light intensity is 150 mu mol.m-2s-1Culturing under tissue culture conditions;
(3) inoculating the pathogenic fungi sporangium suspension prepared from the pathogenic fungi culture medium on 4-week-old sterile seedling leaf, culturing in a 20 deg.C light incubator with 16h photoperiod and 120 μmol.m intensity-2s-1Light and 8h dark;
(4)H2O2accumulation assay and anti/susceptibility assay: staining with DAB for H2O2The accumulation of (2) is carried out under a microscope by adopting a trypan blue staining method to observe the form of the phytophthora infestans on the leaves of different plants, thereby determining the disease resistance/susceptibility of the different plants and further screening out new solanaceae resistant materialsAnd (5) feeding.
3.1 analysis of Phytophthora infestans T124And T12Pathogenicity and toxicity to tomato MM
Inoculating small amount of Phytophthora infestans (T) to MM sterile seedling leaf of 4-week-old tomato124、T12) The sporangia suspension is cultured in a light incubator at 20 deg.C for 16 hr (120 μmol. m)-2s-1) And 8h dark; and (5) counting the morbidity symptoms and the morbidity.
As shown in FIG. 1, Phytophthora infestans T cultured in RIS medium was observed124And T12All the pathogenic tomato MM can normally attack, the incidence rate is 100%, and the phytophthora infestans cultured by the RIS culture medium has normal pathogenicity and toxicity compared with a control culture medium (a rye culture medium).
3.2 pathogenicity analysis of various Solanaceae plants and Arabidopsis thaliana
Inoculating small amount of Phytophthora infestans (T) into 4-week-old tobacco W38, Shanxi, NC89, and native tobacco, tomato MT, petunia, Solanum lyratum, Eisenia alba, Lycium barbarum and Arabidopsis thaliana aseptic seedlings124、T12) The sporangia suspension is cultured in a light incubator at 20 deg.C for 16 hr (120 μmol. m)-2s-1) And 8h dark.
H2O2Accumulation assay and anti/susceptibility assay: staining with DAB for H2O2Is accumulated. Under a microscope, the form of phytophthora infestans on different plant leaves is observed by adopting a trypan blue staining method, so that the disease resistance/susceptibility of different plants is determined, and further a new solanaceae resistant material is screened.
As shown in FIG. 2, four kinds of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum W38, Shanxi, NC89 and Nicotiana benthamiana), petunia and eggplants showed resistance reactions, and tomato MT, solanum lycopersicum, Lycium barbarum and Arabidopsis thaliana were all susceptible.
Claims (5)
1. The phytophthora infestans culture medium is characterized by comprising the following components: rice flour 8-12g/L, NaNO30.3-0.8g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.05-0.15g/L, KCl 0.05.05-0.15 g/L and 12-18g/L agar powder.
2. The Phytophthora infestans culture medium of claim 1, wherein the medium comprises the following components: rice flour 10g/L, NaNO3 0.5g/L、MgSO4·7H20.1g/L, KCl 0.1.1 g/L of O and 15g/L of agar powder.
3. A method for detecting the virulence of phytophthora infestans in a plant, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) culturing a sterile seedling of a host plant;
(2) inoculating a suspension of phytophthora infestans sporangia prepared from the culture medium of phytophthora infestans according to claim 1 or 2 on the sterile seedling leaf cultured in the step (1), and culturing at 20 ℃ with a photoperiod of 120 μmol-2s-1The intensity light is dark for 16h and 8 h;
(3) and observing the phytophthora infestans on the leaves, and determining the anti-infection performance of the host plant.
4. The method for detecting the plant virulence of Phytophthora infestans according to claim 3, wherein in step (1), the sterile shoot culture comprises the steps of: sterilizing host plant seeds, and accelerating germination at a low temperature of 4 ℃ for 2-3 d; then sowing the germinated seeds in MS culture medium under 16h light/8 h dark with light intensity of 150 μmol-2s-1Culturing under the tissue culture conditions of (1).
5. The method of detecting phytophthora infestans pathogenicity of a plant according to claim 4, wherein in step (1), the host plant comprises the group of NC89 tobacco, W38 tobacco, Sansy tobacco, Bunsen tobacco, tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, petunia, eggplanta, Lycium barbarum, or Arabidopsis thaliana.
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