CN110627451B - Pervious concrete - Google Patents
Pervious concrete Download PDFInfo
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- CN110627451B CN110627451B CN201911020892.0A CN201911020892A CN110627451B CN 110627451 B CN110627451 B CN 110627451B CN 201911020892 A CN201911020892 A CN 201911020892A CN 110627451 B CN110627451 B CN 110627451B
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- 239000011380 pervious concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline Chemical compound C1CN2CC(C(=C(OC)C=C3)OC)=C3CC2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004890 Hydrophobing Agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000013201 Stress fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
- C04B20/12—Multiple coating or impregnating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00284—Materials permeable to liquids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to pervious concrete, which belongs to the technical field of concrete and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of water; 1300 portions and 1700 portions of detritus; cement 350-; 14-16 parts of silica fume; 2-10 parts of a water reducing agent; 12-30 parts of a reinforcing agent. The invention has the effect of meeting the transportation requirements of the tank truck.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of concrete, in particular to pervious concrete.
Background
Pervious concrete is also called porous concrete, sand-free concrete and pervious terrace. The concrete with communicated pores is formed by filling gaps among aggregate particles with cement slurry through aggregates with specific grading and bonding the aggregates together. The pervious concrete just utilizes the pores communicated with the surface to drain accumulated water on the road surface in rainy days, so that pedestrians and vehicles can pass through the pervious concrete conveniently. In addition, rainwater can flow back to the underground through the pervious concrete to supplement underground water, so that the water level of the underground water is slowed down. When the weather is hot, the moisture is evaporated out through the pores in the pervious concrete to reduce the temperature, thereby reducing the urban heat island effect.
The pervious concrete is a cellular structure with uniformly distributed pores formed by coating a thin layer of cement slurry on the surface of coarse aggregate and bonding the thin layer of cement slurry, so that the pervious concrete has the characteristics of air permeability, water permeability and light weight. The porosity of pervious concrete is an important index, and the major factor influencing the porosity is the fluidity of cement slurry. If the flow property of the cement paste is good, the pores are easy to be blocked, and the strength of the blocked pores is increased due to the fact that the cement paste is gathered at the pores. On the other hand, if the fluidity of the cement paste is poor, the porosity is large, but the strength of the pervious concrete is low due to insufficient cementation between aggregate particles due to a high water evaporation rate of the cement paste during initial hydration.
For general pervious concrete, in order to ensure uniformity and porosity, the flowability of the pervious concrete is often poor, and the transportation by using a tank truck is difficult because the tank truck can not mix the pervious concrete well.
For example, the Chinese patent application with the application publication number of CN109437757A discloses a preparation method of pervious concrete, and the preparation raw materials of the pervious concrete comprise the following components in parts by weight: 300-360 parts of cement, 1300-1550 parts of coarse aggregate, 12-15 parts of polypropylene fiber, 110-145 parts of water and 3.4-4.2 parts of water reducing agent; the preparation method of the pervious concrete comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring raw materials for preparing pervious concrete to obtain an initial mixture; adding ice blocks into the initial mixture, and continuously stirring for 2-5min to obtain a pervious concrete mixture, wherein the adding amount of the ice blocks is 50-80kg/m3, and the particle size of the ice blocks before addition is 5-10 mm; thirdly, after the pervious concrete mixture is spread, a vibration-pressure composite forming method is adopted, namely, 2-4Mpa of pressure is applied during vibration forming, and the forming time is 30-50 s; step four, rolling; and step five, maintaining.
The above prior art solutions have the following drawbacks: the polypropylene fiber can improve the strength of the pervious concrete, and the water reducing agent can improve the fluidity of the pervious concrete to a certain extent, but the water reducing agent is used as a conventional additive, and the improvement on the fluidity of the pervious concrete cannot meet the transportation requirement of a tank truck, so that the pervious concrete capable of meeting the transportation requirement of the tank truck is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide pervious concrete which has the effect of meeting the transportation requirements of tank cars.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the pervious concrete comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
by adopting the technical scheme, the silica fume is added into the pervious concrete to replace part of cement, although the silica fume can improve the viscosity of cement paste to a certain extent, the silica fume is spherical particles with the average particle size of 0.1 mu m, and the silica fume is uniformly dispersed in the forced stirring process of the pervious concrete. Therefore, the spherical silica fume can play a role in rolling and lubricating cement particles through the ball effect, so that the fluidity of the pervious concrete is enhanced on the premise of not changing the water-cement ratio, and the pervious concrete can be suitable for transportation of a tank car. In addition, the surface active substances are covered on the surface of the silicon ash by the reinforcing agent and the water reducing agent, so that electrostatic repulsion force exists between the silicon ash, the silicon ash can be uniformly dispersed and can not be agglomerated, and the 'ball effect' of the silicon ash is further improved.
And the silica fume has small particle size and can be matched with a water reducing agent to fill pores among cement particles, so that the pore water content of cement paste is reduced, the use of water is reduced, and the possibility of bleeding is reduced. The silica fume can increase the viscosity of the cement paste and can also reduce the possibility of segregation between the cement paste and the broken stone.
The invention is further configured to: the reinforcing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
by adopting the technical scheme, wherein,
the addition of the air entraining agent can generate a large amount of independent, uniform and tiny air bubbles in the cement paste, and the tiny air bubbles can also play a role of a ball, so that the fluidity of the pervious concrete is improved through the ball effect.
And a large amount of hydrogen bonds exist on the polysaccharide biogum, and the bubbles can be wrapped through the acting force between the hydrogen bonds and the acting force of the hydrogen bonds and cement particles, so that the bubbles are stabilized, namely, the micro bubbles generated by the air entraining agent can be better locked in cement paste through adding the polysaccharide biogum, and the 'ball effect' of the micro bubbles is further improved. And the lubricating effect generated by a large number of micro bubbles is far greater than the effect of the fluidity reduction caused by the viscosity change. The polysaccharide biogel has better water retention and high temperature resistance when being added into cement paste, and has higher stability compared with various common divalent cations, so the polysaccharide biogel can also improve the corrosion resistance of the cement paste.
The latex powder becomes emulsion when meeting water, and the emulsion powder is uniformly dispersed in cement paste under the influence of surface active ingredients in the water reducing agent and the reinforcing agent, so that the viscosity of the cement paste is improved, and the segregation phenomenon is reduced. And the latex powder can also introduce a plurality of uniformly dispersed tiny bubbles, so that the fluidity of the pervious concrete is improved through the ball effect, and the fluidity loss caused by the viscosity of cement paste is reduced.
In addition, due to the characteristics of the pervious concrete, the cured cement paste needs to be subjected to a large amount of rainwater washing, and the cured cement paste is easily wetted by rainwater when being washed by rainwater, so that the rainwater permeates into the cured cement paste, and the cured cement paste is corroded. The additionally added hydrophobing agent can form a hydrophobic layer on the surface of the cement paste, so that the cement paste is not easy to wet by water, and the water is not easy to permeate into the cement paste, so that the corrosion to the cement paste caused by rain wash and permeation is reduced. And when the pervious concrete is transported, the water repellent agent is added to enable water in the pervious concrete to generate tiny water drops on the inner wall of the tank car due to surface tension, and the contact angle between the water drops and the inner wall of the tank car is more than ninety degrees, so that a lotus effect is formed, the lubricity between the pervious concrete and the inner wall of the tank car is improved, the pervious concrete is easy to slide relative to the inner wall of the tank car in the transportation process, and the pervious concrete is not easy to adhere to the inner wall of the tank car when the pervious concrete is loaded and unloaded.
The retarder can prolong the final setting time of cement paste, so that the cement paste has sufficient time for hydration, thereby improving various physical properties of the cured cement paste.
The invention is further configured to: the pervious concrete also comprises 40-50 parts by weight of an accelerator, wherein the accelerator comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
86 to 87 percent of sodium silicate;
13-14% of sodium fluosilicate.
By adopting the technical scheme, because the retarder is added into the pervious concrete, and because of the characteristics of the pervious concrete, the contact area of the cement paste and the air is large, if the curing time of the cement paste is too slow, the water is easy to evaporate and dissipate, and the final strength of the cement paste is influenced. And the sodium silicate quick-setting agent is additionally added on the basis of the addition of the retarder, the sodium silicate has a quick-setting effect, and the sodium fluosilicate can improve the quick-setting effect of the sodium silicate.
The quick setting agent is added, so that the ultra-early strength of the pervious concrete can be quickly increased, the setting time is reduced, and the surface layer of the cement paste is quickly cured to lock water so as to reduce the loss of water. The retarder can prolong the final setting time of the cement paste, so that the cement paste has sufficient time to hydrate, and the final performance of the cement paste is improved.
In addition, when the cement slurry is micro-fractured due to long-term use, acidic precipitation easily penetrates into the cement slurry along the micro-fractures, thereby corroding the cement slurry. And the sodium silicate can be hydrolyzed under an acid environment to generate silicon dioxide so as to form reinforcement and reduce the influence of acid rainwater corrosion.
The invention is further configured to: the pervious concrete also comprises 10-20 parts by weight of a phase change anti-cracking agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the large part of the reason for generating cracks in the pervious concrete is that the temperature difference changes too much and the cracks are generated due to expansion with heat and contraction with cold. The additionally added phase change anti-cracking agent can reduce the temperature change of the pervious concrete, thereby reducing the expansion with heat and the contraction with cold, reducing the possibility of generating cracks and prolonging the service life of the pervious concrete.
The invention is further configured to: the preparation process of the phase change anti-cracking agent comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a paraffin emulsion;
s2: adding sodium silicate and hydrochloric acid into the paraffin emulsion obtained in the step S1, and reacting to obtain a paraffin microsphere a coated with a silicon dioxide shell layer;
s3: filtering the paraffin wax microspheres a obtained in the step S2, filtering and airing to obtain paraffin wax microspheres coated with silica shells, then soaking the paraffin wax microspheres a in polyurethane, taking out and airing to obtain paraffin wax microspheres b which take silica as a framework and are coated with polyurethane outside the silica;
the phase change anti-cracking agent can be obtained through the steps.
By adopting the technical scheme, wherein,
step S1 can disperse the paraffin to prepare an emulsion, which facilitates the subsequent preparation process.
The sodium silicate added in the step S2 is used as a silicon source and is subjected to acid hydrolysis under an acidic condition, unstable silicic acid can be generated by the acid hydrolysis of the sodium silicate, and the silicic acid is dehydrated to generate silicon dioxide, so that the silicon dioxide shell layer is formed by coating the surface of the paraffin micro-droplets. And the price of the sodium silicate is relatively low, so the sodium silicate is suitable for large-scale use.
The paraffin wax microspheres a coated with the silica shell can be obtained after filtration and drying in the step S3, but the growth property of the silica causes that the silica cannot completely coat the paraffin wax, but a plurality of pores exist, so that when the paraffin wax is subjected to high-temperature phase change, the possibility of leakage exists.
And putting the paraffin wax microspheres a into polyurethane, taking out and drying to obtain the paraffin wax particles b which take the silicon dioxide shell as a framework and are externally sealed and coated with a polyurethane shell. The silica shell can provide high-strength support, and the ductility of polyurethane shell is good, even paraffin takes place expend with heat and contract with cold because of temperature variation, also can be corresponding takes place micro-deformation to reduce the possibility that polyurethane shell breaks and leads to the paraffin seepage.
And because the silicon dioxide shell is not completely sealed, pores exist among the silicon dioxide shells, and when paraffin changes due to phase change volume, the pores can be used for the paraffin to extend, so that the deformation of the polyurethane shell is reduced, and the service life of the polyurethane shell is further prolonged.
The invention is further configured to: the step S3 is followed by:
s4: adding nano aluminum oxide, melamine and formaldehyde into the paraffin wax microspheres b obtained in the step S3, and adding triethanolamine to pre-polymerize the melamine and formaldehyde;
s5: adding hydrochloric acid into the reactant in the step S4, so as to form a melamine formaldehyde resin shell mixed with nano alumina on the original polyurethane shell;
s6, filtering the reactant in the step S5, and airing a filter cake obtained by filtering.
By adopting the technical scheme, wherein,
in the step S4, by adding triethanolamine, melamine and formaldehyde, the melamine and formaldehyde can be prepolymerized under an alkaline condition, and the nano-alumina can be uniformly dispersed in the prepolymer during the prepolymerization process.
Step S5, adding hydrochloric acid to enable melamine and formaldehyde to finally perform polycondensation reaction under an acidic condition, so that a melamine formaldehyde resin shell mixed with nano alumina is formed on a polyurethane shell;
and S6, filtering and drying to obtain the required phase change crack resistance agent.
Because the melamine resin is high temperature resistant, compared with a polyurethane shell layer, the hardness of the melamine resin is not easy to reduce due to high temperature, and the melamine resin supports cement paste. And the phase change crack resistance agent is used for the preparation of concrete, needs to be stressed, and can be extruded and rubbed by cement particles. After the nano-alumina is mixed, the melamine resin shell has excellent wear resistance so as to protect the polyurethane shell and reduce the possibility of paraffin leakage caused by the abrasion of the polyurethane shell.
The invention is further configured to: the step S1 specifically includes the following steps:
a. mixing solid paraffin and liquid paraffin, and melting in a constant-temperature water bath at 70-85 ℃ to obtain composite paraffin;
b. taking 1 part by weight of the composite paraffin obtained in the step a, adding 40-60 parts by weight of deionized water, and keeping in a constant-temperature water bath at 70-85 ℃;
c. adding surfactant and 8-10 parts by weight of absolute ethyl alcohol, and emulsifying at the stirring speed of 4000-.
By adopting the technical scheme, as the carbon atoms in the solid paraffin are more than those in the liquid paraffin, the melting point of the solid paraffin is higher than that of the liquid paraffin, and the proportion of the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin in different proportions can be used for adjusting the application temperature range of the phase-change anti-cracking agent. Under the high-speed stirring of 4000-.
The invention is further configured to: the surfactant in the step c is one or two selected from cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and polyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 2000.
By adopting the technical scheme, the surfactant can be attached to the surface of the paraffin droplet, when the sodium silicate is added, silicate ions are attracted by the surfactant and are attached to the surface of the paraffin droplet, namely, the silicon dioxide subjected to acid hydrolysis is also attached to the surface of the paraffin droplet and gradually grows to coat the paraffin.
In conclusion, the beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. adding silica fume into pervious concrete, mixing with water reducing agent and reinforcing agent, and making concrete pass through
The ball effect improves the fluidity of the pervious concrete, so that the pervious concrete is suitable for transportation of tank cars;
2. by adding the reinforcing agent, the viscosity of the pervious concrete is improved a little, and a large amount of micro bubbles are introduced, so that the ball effect is further improved, the flowability of the pervious concrete is improved, and the influence on the porosity of the pervious concrete is reduced;
3. the quick-setting agent comprising the sodium silicate is added, so that the ultra-early strength of the pervious concrete is improved, and after the pervious concrete cracks, the sodium silicate can be hydrolyzed by acid to release silicon dioxide to reinforce the pervious concrete when encountering acidic precipitation, so that the corrosion of the acidic precipitation to the pervious concrete is reduced;
4. the temperature change of the pervious concrete can be reduced by adding the phase change anti-cracking agent, so that the possibility of cracking of the pervious concrete due to severe temperature change is reduced;
5. sequentially coating a silicon dioxide shell layer, a polyurethane shell layer and a melamine formaldehyde shell layer mixed with nano silicon oxide on the surface of the paraffin, wherein the silicon dioxide shell layer is used as a framework to form primary coating and support for the paraffin; the polyurethane shell layer can form a completely sealed coating and has certain deformation capacity; the melamine formaldehyde mixed with the nano silicon oxide is heat-resistant and cold-resistant, and can form an external supporting wear-resistant layer, so that a polyurethane shell layer is protected.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the invention discloses pervious concrete which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
wherein the reinforcing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the accelerator comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
86% of sodium silicate;
14 percent of sodium fluosilicate.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the water is local drinking water, and the crushed stone is crushed stone with the particle size of 5-10 mm; the cement is Portland cement with the model number of P.042.5 in the small open-air field of the south of the Yangtze river; the silica fume is silica fume of Shanghai Shengkuai building materials Co, Ltd, and the specific surface area is more than or equal to 20000m2/kg。
The polysaccharide biogel is BRGY-300 biogel of Shijiazhuang blue rock building materials science and technology ltd; the latex powder is produced by German Wake company; the retarder adopts sodium gluconate; the air entraining agent is AH-1 type air entraining agent of Polymer materials Limited of Qingdao Hongxiao; the hydrophobing agent is AD3105 hydrophobing agent produced by Aoda chemical Co., Ltd, Dongguan city.
The preparation process of the phase change anti-cracking agent comprises the following steps:
s1: the preparation of the paraffin emulsion specifically comprises the following process steps:
a. the weight fraction ratio of mixed solid to liquid is 3: 7, melting the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin in a constant-temperature water bath at 85 ℃ to obtain composite paraffin;
b. taking 1 part by weight of the composite paraffin obtained in the step a, adding 50 parts by weight of deionized water, and keeping in a constant-temperature water bath at 85 ℃;
c. adding surfactant and 9 parts by weight of absolute ethyl alcohol, and emulsifying for 20min at the stirring speed of 5000r/min to obtain the paraffin emulsion.
Wherein the surfactant is cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and polyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 2000 in a weight ratio of 1: 1.
S2: an excessive amount of sodium silicate was added to the paraffin emulsion obtained in step S1, and the PH was adjusted to 4 by concentrated hydrochloric acid, and the sodium silicate was hydrolyzed to generate a silica shell on the surface of the paraffin micro-droplets.
S3: and (5) filtering the reactant obtained in the step (S2), filtering, airing and crushing to obtain the paraffin wax microsphere coated with the silica shell. And then, soaking the paraffin wax microspheres into polyurethane, taking out, airing and crushing the paraffin wax microspheres, and then coating a polyurethane shell layer outside the silicon dioxide shell layer.
S4: adding 0.12 part by weight of nano alumina, 2 parts by weight of melamine and 1 part by weight of formaldehyde solution with the concentration of 37% into the paraffin coated with the polyurethane shell obtained in the step S3, and adding triethanolamine to adjust the pH value to 9, so that the melamine and the formaldehyde are subjected to prepolymerization.
S5: adding hydrochloric acid into the reactant in the step S4 to adjust the pH to 4, and performing polycondensation reaction on melamine and formaldehyde to form a melamine-formaldehyde resin shell mixed with nano-alumina on the original polyurethane shell;
s6, filtering the reactant in the step S5, and airing and crushing a filter cake obtained by filtering to obtain the phase change anti-cracking agent.
Examples 2 to 5 differ from example 1 in that the components of the pervious concrete are given in the following table in parts by weight.
Wherein, the components of the reinforcing agent in the examples 2-5 are calculated according to the following table.
Comparative example:
comparative example 1 is different from example 1 in that silica fume was not added to the pervious concrete.
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that no reinforcing agent was added to the pervious concrete.
Comparative example 3 is different from example 1 in that silica fume and reinforcing agent are not added to the pervious concrete.
The comparative example 4 is different from the example 1 in that the phase change crack inhibitor is not added to the pervious concrete.
The comparative example 5 is different from the example 1 in that only a silica shell is coated outside paraffin in the preparation process of the phase change crack resistant agent.
The comparative example 6 is different from example 1 in that a silica shell and a polyurethane shell are coated only on the outside of paraffin wax in the preparation process of the phase change crack inhibitor.
Detection method
1. Method for detecting whether pervious concrete is suitable for tank car transportation
Slump of example 1 and various proportions was tested by using a test method for concrete slump in general concrete mixture Performance test method Standard (GB/T50080-2016). The larger the slump of the pervious concrete is, the better the workability of the pervious concrete is, and the more easily the pervious concrete is transported by a tank car, and the smaller the slump of the pervious concrete is, the worse the workability of the pervious concrete is, and the more easily the tank car transports. The test results are shown in the following table,
and (4) conclusion: in the embodiment 1, the silica fume, the reinforcing agent and the phase change crack resistance agent are added, and the silica fume is matched with active ingredients in the water reducing agent and the reinforcing agent, so that the workability of the pervious concrete is improved through the ball effect. The melamine formaldehyde resin on the outermost layer in the phase change anti-cracking agent has certain hydrophobicity, and can play a roll ball effect to a certain extent, so that the workability of the pervious concrete is enhanced. And the air-entraining component in the enhancer can generate micro-bubbles, so that the 'ball effect' is further provided, and the workability of the pervious concrete is enhanced, so that the pervious concrete is suitable for tank car transportation.
The absence of silica fume in comparative example 1 corresponds to the absence of "rolling effect" provided by silica fume in comparative example 1, which is limited only by the fine bubbles generated by the air entraining component of the enhancer, and thus poor workability, and thus unsuitable for tanker truck transportation.
In contrast, in comparative example 2, the reinforcing agent was not present, and the silica fume could only be combined with the active ingredient in the water reducing agent to provide the "rolling effect", while the water reducing agent was present in a small amount, which was insufficient to completely disperse the silica fume to fully exert the "rolling effect" of the silica fume. And the 'ball effect' provided by the reinforcing agent is lost, so that the workability of the pervious concrete is poor, and the pervious concrete is not suitable for tank car transportation.
In comparative example 3, neither silica fume nor reinforcing agent was added, so that it had a slump of 0, had almost no fluidity, and it was poor in workability, thus being unsuitable for tank truck transportation.
The phase change crack resistance agents in comparative examples 4, 5 and 6 can affect the workability to some extent, but have little effect, and are suitable for tank truck transportation. In comparative example 5, since the phase change crack inhibitor has silica as an outer layer, the silica absorbs water with the lapse of mixing time, resulting in a decrease in workability.
2. Method for testing temperature change resistance of pervious concrete
Taking a permeable concrete block of 10cm by 10cm, placing the permeable concrete block in an oven with the temperature of 60 ℃, standing for 10 minutes, taking out, placing in a constant temperature box with the temperature of 0 ℃, standing for 10 minutes, placing in the oven again, and repeating the steps for 50 times. And finally, measuring the temperature of the pervious concrete block taken out of the oven. The higher the temperature is, the weaker the temperature change resistance is, the larger the self temperature difference is in the environment of severe temperature difference, the more easily the cracking and aging are caused by the temperature change, the lower the temperature is, the stronger the temperature change resistance is, the smaller the self temperature difference is in the environment of severe temperature difference, and the cracking and aging are not easily caused by the temperature change. The test results are shown in the following table,
a conclusion is drawn; the phase change crack resistance agents are added in the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1 to 3, the temperature is low, namely, the phase change crack resistance agents are high in temperature change resistance, the temperature difference is small in the environment with severe temperature difference, and cracking and aging caused by temperature change are not prone to occurring.
In comparative example 4, no phase change crack resistance agent was added, so the temperature of the pervious concrete block changed with the change of the ambient temperature, which was almost the same as the external temperature, and once the external environment had a severe temperature difference, the pervious concrete block was easily cracked and aged due to the temperature change.
Comparative example 5 since only one silica shell is protected outside paraffin, since paraffin is flowed out of the silica shell and dissipated with a plurality of temperature changes, temperature change resistance of the pervious concrete is affected, and cracking and aging are easily caused by temperature changes.
Comparative example 6 since the polyurethane shell layer is coated outside the silica shell layer, it can still form a complete coating with paraffin wax, thus having strong temperature change resistance and being not easy to crack and age due to temperature change.
In addition, in the actual use of the pervious concrete, the surface layer with the largest temperature change is the surface layer of the pervious concrete pavement, and the surface layer transmits the temperature, so that in the actual use, the actual temperature change of the pervious concrete pavement is far smaller than that of the pervious concrete block in the experiment.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The pervious concrete is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
80-100 parts of water;
1300 portions and 1700 portions of detritus;
cement 350-;
14-16 parts of silica fume;
2-10 parts of a water reducing agent;
12-30 parts of a reinforcing agent;
40-50 parts of an accelerator;
10-20 parts of a phase change anti-cracking agent;
the reinforcing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
4-8 parts of polysaccharide biogel;
4-8 parts of latex powder;
2-10 parts of retarder;
1-2 parts of an air entraining agent;
1-2 parts of a water repellent agent;
the accelerator comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
86 to 87 percent of sodium silicate;
13-14% of sodium fluosilicate;
the preparation process of the phase change anti-cracking agent comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a paraffin emulsion;
s2: adding sodium silicate and hydrochloric acid into the paraffin emulsion obtained in the step S1, and reacting to obtain a paraffin microsphere a coated with a silicon dioxide shell layer;
s3: filtering the paraffin wax microspheres a obtained in the step S2, filtering and airing to obtain paraffin wax microspheres coated with silica shells, then soaking the paraffin wax microspheres in polyurethane, taking out and airing to obtain paraffin wax microspheres b which take silica as a framework and are coated with polyurethane outside the silica;
s4: adding nano aluminum oxide, melamine and formaldehyde into the paraffin wax microspheres b obtained in the step S3, and adding triethanolamine to pre-polymerize the melamine and formaldehyde;
s5: adding hydrochloric acid into the reactant in the step S4, so as to form a melamine formaldehyde resin shell mixed with nano alumina on the original polyurethane shell;
s6, filtering the reactant in the step S5, and airing a filter cake obtained by filtering;
the phase change anti-cracking agent can be obtained through the steps.
2. The pervious concrete of claim 1, wherein: the retarder adopts sodium gluconate; the air entraining agent is AH-1 type air entraining agent.
3. The pervious concrete of claim 1, wherein: the step S1 specifically includes the following steps:
a. mixing solid paraffin and liquid paraffin, and melting in a constant-temperature water bath at 70-85 ℃ to obtain composite paraffin;
b. taking 1 part by weight of the composite paraffin obtained in the step a, adding 40-60 parts by weight of deionized water, and keeping in a constant-temperature water bath at 70-85 ℃;
c. adding surfactant and 8-10 parts by weight of absolute ethyl alcohol, and emulsifying at the stirring speed of 4000-.
4. The pervious concrete of claim 3, wherein: the surfactant in the step c is one or two selected from cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and polyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 2000.
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