CN110626966B

CN110626966B - Slewing mechanism, method for adjusting backlash and crane

Info

Publication number: CN110626966B
Application number: CN201910924097.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张传世; 胡小冬; 任秀枝; 韩建营; 朱涛; 车少波
Original assignee: Xuzhou Heavy Machinery Co Ltd
Current assignee: Xuzhou Heavy Machinery Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-09-27
Filing date: 2019-09-27
Publication date: 2021-10-26
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-27
Also published as: CN110626966A

Abstract

The invention discloses a slewing mechanism, a method for adjusting a tooth side clearance and a crane. The slewing mechanism comprises a speed reducer, a slewing support and a slewing bearing; the rotary support is provided with a mounting hole for sleeving and mounting the speed reducer; the rotary support is matched with the speed reducer shell through a spline, and the center line of the spline is eccentrically arranged relative to the center line of a transmission shaft of the speed reducer; and the slewing bearing is meshed with the output shaft gear of the speed reducer. The slewing mechanism adopts the spline to connect the speed reducer and the slewing support, and in the process of adjusting the backlash, the single spline is taken as a unit for adjustment, and the number of the splines is dense and uniformly distributed, so that the backlash adjusting range is wider, the continuity is better, and the precision is higher.

Description

Slewing mechanism, method for adjusting backlash and crane

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, in particular to a slewing mechanism, a method for adjusting a tooth side clearance and a crane.

Background

As shown in fig. 1, a conventional swing mechanism includes a swing reducer 1a, a swing support 4a, a swing support 5a, a turntable support, and a hydraulic device. The rotary speed reducer 1a is fixed on a rotary support 4a through a bolt group 3a, and the rotary support 5a is in gear engagement connection with the rotary speed reducer 1 a. The installation center line a of the rotary speed reducer 1a is eccentrically arranged relative to the transmission shaft center line B of the rotary speed reducer 1a, the center distance between the two center lines is S1, and the center distance between the transmission shaft center line B of the rotary speed reducer 1a and the rotary support center line C is S2. The hydraulic device provides power, the rotary speed reducer 1a and the rotary support 5a are responsible for transmitting the power, wherein the control of the tooth side clearance between the rotary speed reducer 1a and the rotary support 5a plays a crucial role in the smooth working performance of the rotary mechanism. The problems of abnormal sound of the slewing mechanism, tooth gnawing of a gear and the like can be caused by small backlash between the slewing reducer 1a and the slewing bearing 5 a; the large backlash between the slewing reducer 1a and the slewing bearing 5a causes problems such as slewing mechanism hunting and instability.

When the tooth side clearance between the rotary speed reducer 1a and the rotary support 5a needs to be adjusted, firstly, the bolt group 3a is removed, the rotary speed reducer 1a is slowly lifted to be separated from the rotary support 4a, then the rotary speed reducer 1a is integrally rotated by taking the installation central line A as the center until the tooth side clearance between the rotary speed reducer 1a and the rotary support 5a is adjusted to be in an optimal state, and finally, the rotary speed reducer 1a is fixedly installed on the rotary support 4a through the bolt group 3 a.

The existing rotary speed reducer 1a is connected with the rotary support 4a through 24 bolts, so when the tooth side clearance is adjusted through rotating the rotary speed reducer 1a, only 12 positions can be selected, the span of an adjusting unit is large, the adjusting range is small, and the adjusting precision is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a slewing mechanism, a method for adjusting a backlash and a crane, so as to improve the adjustment precision of the backlash.

The first aspect of the present invention provides a slewing mechanism, including:

the speed reducer comprises a shell and a transmission shaft arranged on the lower side of the shell;

the rotary support is provided with a mounting hole for sleeving and mounting the speed reducer, the rotary support is matched with the speed reducer shell through a spline, and the center line of the spline is eccentrically arranged relative to the center line of the transmission shaft; and the slewing bearing is meshed with the transmission shaft gear.

In some embodiments, the outer side of the housing is provided with external splines and the inner side of the swivel support is provided with internal splines.

In some embodiments, the swing mechanism further includes a plurality of bolts, and the swing bracket further includes a plurality of bolt holes surrounding the mounting hole and spaced apart in a circumferential direction of the mounting hole, and the plurality of bolts are inserted into the plurality of bolt holes to connect the speed reducer and the swing bracket.

In some embodiments, the swing mechanism further comprises a pressing plate, and the speed reducer further comprises a boss, wherein the pressing plate is pressed on the upper side of the boss.

In some embodiments, the pressure plate is provided with bolt holes, and bolts sequentially penetrate through the pressure plate and the rotary support to connect the speed reducer and the rotary support.

In some embodiments, the centerline of the mounting hole coincides with the centerline of the spline.

In a second aspect, the invention provides a crane comprising a slewing gear according to any of the first aspects of the invention.

The third aspect of the present invention provides a method for adjusting a backlash of a slewing mechanism, comprising:

separating the speed reducer from the rotary support;

rotating the speed reducer by taking the center line of the spline as a center so as to enable the tooth side clearance between the transmission shaft and the slewing bearing to reach a target value;

and the speed reducer is in spline connection with the rotary support.

Based on the technical scheme provided by the invention, the slewing mechanism adopts the spline to connect the speed reducer and the slewing support, and in the process of adjusting the backlash, the adjustment is carried out by taking a single spline as a unit, and the number of the splines is dense and uniformly distributed, so that the backlash adjusting range is wider, the continuity is better and the precision is higher.

Other features of the present invention and advantages thereof will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rotary mechanism of the prior art;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a turning mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is an exploded view of the swing mechanism shown in fig. 2.

Each reference numeral represents:

1a, a rotary speed reducer; 3a, a bolt group; 4a, a rotary support; 5a, a slewing bearing; A. installing a center line; B. a drive shaft centerline; C. a slewing bearing centerline;

1. a rotary speed reducer; 11. an external spline; 12. a drive shaft; 13. a boss; 14. a speed reducer housing; 2. pressing a plate; 21. bolt holes; 3. a bolt group; 4. a rotating support; 41. an internal spline; 42. bolt holes; 5. and (4) a slewing bearing.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.

Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the swing mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:

a speed reducer 1 including a housing 14 and a transmission shaft 12 provided on a lower side of the housing;

the rotary support 4 is provided with a mounting hole for sleeving and mounting the shell, the rotary support is matched with the speed reducer shell through a spline, and the center line of the spline is eccentrically arranged relative to the center line of the transmission shaft 12; and the slewing bearing 5 is in gear engagement with the transmission shaft 12.

The slewing mechanism of the embodiment of the invention adopts the spline to connect the speed reducer and the slewing support, and in the process of adjusting the backlash, the adjustment is carried out by taking a single spline as a unit, and the number of the splines is dense and uniformly distributed, so that the backlash adjustment range of the embodiment of the invention is wider, the continuity is better and the precision is higher.

As shown in fig. 3, the outer side surface of the housing 14 is provided with an external spline 11, and the inner side surface of the rotatable mount 4 is provided with an internal spline 41.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the slewing mechanism further includes a bolt set 3, the bolt set 3 includes a plurality of bolts, the slewing bearing 4 further includes a plurality of bolt holes 42 surrounding the mounting hole and arranged at intervals along a circumferential direction of the mounting hole, and the plurality of bolts are correspondingly inserted into the plurality of bolt holes 42 to connect the speed reducer 1 and the slewing bearing 4. The slewing mechanism of this embodiment adopts spline and bolt group 3 to undertake the torque effect jointly, compares with prior art, can effectively share the torsional strength of bolt group, prolongs the life of bolt group, and slewing mechanism operation is safe and reliable more.

As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the revolving mechanism of the present embodiment further includes a pressing plate 2, the speed reducer 1 further includes a boss 13, and the pressing plate 2 is pressed on the upper side of the boss 13.

Specifically, a bolt hole 21 is formed in the pressure plate 2, and a bolt sequentially penetrates through the pressure plate 2 and the rotary support 4 to connect the speed reducer 1 and the rotary support 4.

In this embodiment, the mounting hole center line a coincides with the center line of the spline.

Specifically, in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the slewing mechanism of the present embodiment includes a slewing reducer 1, a pressure plate 2, a slewing bearing 4, and a slewing bearing 5. An external spline 11 is processed on the outer side of a shell 14 of the rotary speed reducer 1, the eccentricity S1 exists between the central line of the external spline 11 and the central line B of a transmission shaft of the rotary speed reducer 1, an internal spline 41 is processed on the inner side of the rotary support 4, and the rotary speed reducer 1 and the rotary support 4 are installed in a spline fit mode. The rotary speed reducer 1 is assembled between the pressure plate 2 and the rotary support 4 and is fixedly installed on the rotary support 4 through a fastener. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the bolt passes through the bolt hole 21 on the pressure plate 2 to be engaged with the bolt hole 42 on the slewing bearing 4, and the slewing reducer 1 is fastened and mounted on the slewing bearing 4 through the pressure plate 2.

The adjustment process of the backlash of the turning mechanism of the present embodiment is explained in detail below: when the tooth side clearance between the rotary speed reducer 1 and the rotary support 5 needs to be adjusted, firstly, the bolt group 3 is dismounted, the pressing plate 2 is taken down, the rotary speed reducer 1 is slowly lifted, the external spline 11 of the rotary speed reducer 1 is completely separated from the spline connection part of the internal spline 41 of the rotary support 4, then the rotary speed reducer 1 is integrally rotated by taking the central line A of the mounting hole as the center until the tooth side clearance between the rotary speed reducer 1 and the rotary support 5 is adjusted to the optimal state, finally, the external spline 11 of the rotary speed reducer 1 is vertically placed into the groove of the internal spline 41 of the rotary support 4, the pressing plate 2 is covered, and the rotary speed reducer 1 is fixedly mounted on the rotary support 4 by the mounting bolt group 3 penetrating through the bolt hole group 21 and the bolt hole group 42.

When the central lines A, B, C are in the same plane and the central line B of the transmission shaft and the central line C of the slewing bearing are both positioned on the same side of the central line A of the speed reducer, the central distance S2 between the slewing speed reducer 1 and the central line C of the slewing bearing is the minimum, and the tooth side gap between the slewing speed reducer and the central line C of the slewing bearing is the minimum; when the center line A, B, C is in the same plane and the center line B, C is on the opposite side of the center line a, the center distance S2 is the largest, and at this time, the gap between the reduction gear 1 and the slewing bearing 5 on the meshing tooth side is the largest. The external spline 11 of the slewing reducer and the internal spline 41 of the slewing bearing 4 of the present embodiment are centered on the mounting hole center line a.

The rotary speed reducer of the embodiment of the invention adopts the spline type aligning structure, the number n of the spline teeth can be randomly selected and matched according to the requirement, and the aligning unit of the embodiment of the invention is 360 degrees/n, so that theoretically, the aligning unit of the embodiment of the invention can be close to infinitesimal.

In summary, compared with the aligning structure of the existing rotary speed reducer, the aligning structure of the rotary speed reducer of the embodiment of the invention has three main advantages:

(1) in the gear backlash adjusting process of the embodiment of the invention, adjustment is performed by taking a single spline as a unit, and the number of the splines is dense and uniformly distributed, so that the gear backlash adjusting range of the embodiment of the invention is wider, the continuity is better and the precision is higher.

(2) The slewing mechanism provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts the spline and the bolt group to share the torque effect, so that the torsional strength of the installation bolt group can be effectively shared, the service life of the installation bolt group is prolonged, and the slewing mechanism is safer and more reliable to operate.

(3) The embodiment of the invention adopts a spline type aligning structure, has compact structure, low cost, simple and convenient operation and higher practical value.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A swing mechanism, comprising:

the speed reducer (1) comprises a shell (14) and a transmission shaft (12) arranged on the lower side of the shell;

the rotary support (4) is provided with a mounting hole for sleeving and mounting the shell, the outer side surface of the shell is provided with outer splines (11) uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction, the inner side surface of the mounting hole is provided with inner splines (41) uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction, the outer splines (11) are matched and connected with the inner splines (41), the central lines of the outer splines (11) and the inner splines (41) are superposed with the central line of the mounting hole, and the central lines of the outer splines (11) and the inner splines (41) are eccentrically arranged relative to the central line of the transmission shaft (12); and

and the slewing bearing (5) is in gear engagement with the transmission shaft (12).

2. The swing mechanism as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a plurality of bolts, wherein the swing bracket (4) further comprises a plurality of bolt holes surrounding the mounting hole and spaced along a circumferential direction of the mounting hole, and the plurality of bolts are correspondingly inserted into the plurality of bolt holes to connect the housing (14) and the swing bracket (4).

3. A rotating mechanism as claimed in claim 2, wherein said rotating mechanism further comprises a pressing plate (2), said speed reducer (1) further comprises a boss (13), and said pressing plate (2) is pressed on the upper side of said boss (13).

4. A slewing mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that the pressure plate (2) is provided with bolt holes, and the bolts sequentially penetrate through the pressure plate (2) and the slewing bearing (4) to connect the speed reducer (1) and the slewing bearing (4).

5. Crane, characterized in that it comprises a slewing gear according to any one of claims 1-4.

6. The backlash adjusting method for a slewing mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:

separating the speed reducer (1) from the slewing bearing (4);

rotating the speed reducer (1) around the center lines of the external spline (11) and the internal spline (41) to make the backlash between the transmission shaft and the slewing bearing (5) reach a target value;

and carrying out spline connection on the speed reducer (1) and the rotary support (4).