CN110625121B - 一种粉末冶金的阶梯钻头制造方法 - Google Patents

一种粉末冶金的阶梯钻头制造方法 Download PDF

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CN110625121B
CN110625121B CN201911044687.8A CN201911044687A CN110625121B CN 110625121 B CN110625121 B CN 110625121B CN 201911044687 A CN201911044687 A CN 201911044687A CN 110625121 B CN110625121 B CN 110625121B
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周学劲
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Yangzhou Suwo Tools Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种粉末冶金的阶梯钻头制造方法。该方法包括步骤一：基体原料配比，步骤二：切削层原料配比，步骤三：基体压制，步骤四：基体生坯烧结，步骤五：切削层压制，步骤六：阶梯钻生坯烧结，步骤七：一次油浸，步骤八：铣牙，步骤九：外检，步骤十：热处理，步骤十一：黑化，步骤十二：二次油浸、包装。该方法科学严谨，基体与切削层分开加工，节省原料，缩减成本，同时使切削工作的切削层与钻尖用高硬度材料，使基体用传统材料，既保证阶梯钻可靠切削，又使阶梯钻具有很高的韧性与强度。

Description

一种粉末冶金的阶梯钻头制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及阶梯钻头技术领域，尤其涉及一种粉末冶金的阶梯钻头制造方法。
背景技术
现有的中国专利数据库中公开了名称为一种可扩展钻孔直径的HSS阶梯钻头的专利，该专利申请号为201720785319.9，申请日为2017.06.29，授权公告号为CN207358221U，授权公告日为2018.05.15，该装置包括锥型钻头和固定柱，锥型钻头包含锥型底部，锥形钻头的锥型底部中心位置设置固定柱，所述锥形钻头由数量为1个的端截面形状为三角形的锥尖部和数量为1个以上的端截面形状为梯形的叠加部拼合而成，所述锥尖部和叠加部之间通过螺栓固定连接，所述叠加部包含第一半环形部分和第二半环形部分，所述叠加部由第一半环形部分和第二半环形部分拼合而成。其不足之处在于：上述专利仅仅是将锥形钻头与梯形钻头堆叠设置，将钻小孔的阶梯钻变成钻大孔的阶梯钻，由于钻头尖部直径较小，高速钻屑时，钻尖容易磨损或烧毁。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的不足，即高速钻屑时，钻尖容易磨损或烧毁，提供一种粉末冶金的阶梯钻头制造方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明一种粉末冶金的阶梯钻头制造方法所采取的技术方案：
一种粉末冶金的阶梯钻头制造方法，包括下列步骤：
步骤一：基体原料配比，将100-150重量份的铁粉、0.5-1重量份的钴粉、1-2重量份的镍粉、0.5-1重量份的二氧化硅颗粒、0.8-1.5重量份的碳化铬粉末以及0.5-0.8重量份的氧化钼粉末加入到搅拌磨中研磨，直至混合料的平均粒径小于20um时停止研磨，得基体研磨料，将基体研磨料投入喷雾机内进行喷雾和烘干，得基体混合料，留以待用；
步骤二：切削层原料配比，将40-60重量份的碳化钨粉、20-30重量份的钴粉、1-2重量份的镍粉、10-15重量份的碳化铬粉末加入到砂磨机中研磨，直至混合料的平均粒径小于1.5um时停止研磨，得切削层研磨料，将切削层研磨料投入喷雾机内进行喷雾和烘干，得切削层混合料，留以待用；
步骤三：基体压制，先将步骤二中的切削层混合料填充到基体成型模具中基体下模具的柱形腔内，再将步骤一中的基体混合料填充到基体成型模具中，通过基体成型模具压制出基体生坯，留以待用，所述基体生坯包括有锥台体，锥台体下端面设有与锥台体同轴的钻屑柱体，钻屑柱体横截面与锥台体下端面同径设置，锥台体上端面设有与锥台体同轴的钻柄柱体，所述基体成型模具包括基体下模具与基体上模具，基体下模具的上端面开设有锥形腔，位于锥尖朝下的锥形腔尖部基体下模具上开设有柱形腔，同轴设置的锥形腔与柱形腔围合成漏斗状的容料腔，容料腔上方的基体上模具下端面开设有柱形盲孔，所述柱形盲孔与柱形腔同轴设置，所述柱形腔用于加工钻屑柱体，所述锥形腔用于加工锥台体，所述柱形盲孔用于加工钻柄柱体；
步骤四：基体生坯烧结，将步骤三中的基体生坯摆放在碳板上输送至烧结炉内，基体生坯在烧结炉内烧结4.5～6h，烧结炉温为1100℃～1300℃，将基体生坯烧结成基体芯，自然冷却，留以待用；
步骤五：切削层压制，先步骤四中的基体芯放置于切削层成型模具中，基体芯与切削层成型模具之间形成圆锥环状的填料间隙腔，再将步骤二中的切削层混合料填充到填料间隙腔内，通过切削层成型模具压制出阶梯钻生坯，留以待用，所述阶梯钻生坯包括有基体生坯以及附着在基体生坯中锥台体外锥面上的圆锥环状切削层，所述切削层成型模具包括切削下模具与切削上模具，切削下模具的上端面开设有漏斗状的储屑腔，储屑腔包括有插接钻屑柱体的定位孔以及填充粉料的圆台腔，圆台腔与所述锥台体之间围合成圆锥环状的填料间隙腔，切削上模具上开设有插接钻柄柱体的限位孔；
步骤六：阶梯钻生坯烧结，将步骤五中的阶梯钻生坯摆放在碳板上输送至真空烧结炉内，真空环境为0.6MPa大气压，阶梯钻生坯在烧结炉内烧结4.5～6h，烧结炉温为1440℃～1480℃，将阶梯钻生坯烧结成阶梯钻毛坯，自然冷却，留以待用；
步骤七：一次油浸，将烧结后冷却的阶梯钻毛坯进行油浸，去除阶梯钻毛坯表面铁削、毛刺，将阶梯钻毛坯与空气隔开，留以待用；
步骤八：铣牙，将步骤七中的阶梯钻毛坯装夹在数控铣床上，按照预设数据对钻屑柱体以及圆锥环状切削层表面进行加工，加工出钻牙与导削槽，得半成品阶梯钻；
步骤九：外检，对步骤八中加工出的半成品阶梯钻进行几何精度检验，如果半成品阶梯钻精度合格，执行步骤十，反之，半成品阶梯钻报废；
步骤十：热处理，将检验合格的半成品阶梯钻放置在热处理网带上，通过热处理炉加热，热处理温度900℃，热处理时间1～3小时，然后进入油槽淬火，回火；
步骤十一：黑化，将步骤十中的半成品阶梯钻清洗干净，然后将半成品阶梯钻暴露在等离子体焰炬中，向等离子体焰炬中注入重量百分比为80％氧气和重量百分比为20％四氟化碳，等离子体焰炬内的放电装置将气体诱发成等离子态，所述等离子体焰炬内的温度为800℃，半成品阶梯钻送入等离子体焰炬内5～8小时，半成品阶梯钻表面产生一个金属氧化物层，得成品阶梯钻；
步骤十二：二次油浸、包装，将成品阶梯钻清洗油浸，包装。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：该方法科学严谨，基体与切削层分开加工，节省原料，缩减成本，同时使切削工作的切削层与钻尖用高硬度材料，使基体用传统材料，既保证阶梯钻可靠切削，又使阶梯钻具有很高的韧性与强度。
所述基体下模具的上端面设有同轴的限位环，所述基体上模具活动插接在限位环内。
所述切削下模具的上端面设有同轴的定位环，所述切削上模具活动插接在定位环内。
附图说明
图1为基体生坯与基体成型模具的结构示意图。
图2为基体生坯与切削层成型模具的结构示意图。
图3为阶梯钻生坯的结构示意图。
图4为成品阶梯钻的结构示意图。
其中，1基体成型模具，101基体下模具，102柱形腔，103锥形腔，104容料腔，105基体上模具，106柱形盲孔，107限位环，2基体生坯，201锥台体，202钻屑柱体，203钻柄柱体，3填料间隙腔，4切削层成型模具，401切削下模具，402切削上模具，403储屑腔，404定位孔，405圆台腔，406限位孔，407定位环，5阶梯钻生坯，501圆锥环状切削层，6成品阶梯钻，601钻牙，602导削槽。
具体实施方式
如图1-4所述，为一种粉末冶金的阶梯钻头制造方法，包括下列步骤：
步骤一：基体原料配比，将100-150重量份的铁粉、0.5-1重量份的钴粉、1-2重量份的镍粉、0.5-1重量份的二氧化硅颗粒、0.8-1.5重量份的碳化铬粉末以及0.5-0.8重量份的氧化钼粉末加入到搅拌磨中研磨，直至混合料的平均粒径小于20um时停止研磨，得基体研磨料，将基体研磨料投入喷雾机内进行喷雾和烘干，得基体混合料，留以待用；
步骤二：切削层原料配比，将40-60重量份的碳化钨粉、20-30重量份的钴粉、1-2重量份的镍粉、10-15重量份的碳化铬粉末加入到砂磨机中研磨，直至混合料的平均粒径小于1.5um时停止研磨，得切削层研磨料，将切削层研磨料投入喷雾机内进行喷雾和烘干，得切削层混合料，留以待用；
步骤三：基体压制，先将步骤二中的切削层混合料填充到基体成型模具1中基体下模具101的柱形腔102内，再将步骤一中的基体混合料填充到基体成型模具1中，通过基体成型模具1压制出基体生坯2，留以待用，基体生坯2包括有锥台体201，锥台体201下端面设有与锥台体201同轴的钻屑柱体202，钻屑柱体202横截面与锥台体201下端面同径设置，锥台体201上端面设有与锥台体201同轴的钻柄柱体203，基体成型模具1包括基体下模具101与基体上模具105，基体下模具101的上端面开设有锥形腔103，位于锥尖朝下的锥形腔103尖部基体下模具101上开设有柱形腔102，同轴设置的锥形腔103与柱形腔102围合成漏斗状的容料腔104，容料腔104上方的基体上模具105下端面开设有柱形盲孔106，柱形盲孔106与柱形腔102同轴设置，柱形腔102用于加工钻屑柱体202，锥形腔103用于加工锥台体201，柱形盲孔106用于加工钻柄柱体203，基体下模具101的上端面设有同轴的限位环107，基体上模具105活动插接在限位环107内；
步骤四：基体生坯烧结，将步骤三中的基体生坯2摆放在碳板上输送至烧结炉内，基体生坯2在烧结炉内烧结4.5～6h，烧结炉温为1100℃～1300℃，将基体生坯2烧结成基体芯，自然冷却，留以待用；
步骤五：切削层压制，先步骤四中的基体芯放置于切削层成型模具4中，基体芯与切削层成型模具4之间形成圆锥环状的填料间隙腔3，再将步骤二中的切削层混合料填充到填料间隙腔3内，通过切削层成型模具4压制出阶梯钻生坯5，留以待用，阶梯钻生坯5包括有基体生坯2以及附着在基体生坯2中锥台体201外锥面上的圆锥环状切削层501，切削层成型模具4包括切削下模具401与切削上模具402，切削下模具401的上端面开设有漏斗状的储屑腔403，储屑腔403包括有插接钻屑柱体202的定位孔404以及填充粉料的圆台腔405，圆台腔405与锥台体201之间围合成圆锥环状的填料间隙腔3，切削上模具402上开设有插接钻柄柱体203的限位孔406，切削下模具401的上端面设有同轴的定位环407，切削上模具402活动插接在定位环407内；
步骤六：阶梯钻生坯烧结，将步骤五中的阶梯钻生坯5摆放在碳板上输送至真空烧结炉内，真空环境为0.6MPa大气压，阶梯钻生坯5在烧结炉内烧结4.5～6h，烧结炉温为1440℃～1480℃，将阶梯钻生坯5烧结成阶梯钻毛坯，自然冷却，留以待用；
步骤七：一次油浸，将烧结后冷却的阶梯钻毛坯进行油浸，去除阶梯钻毛坯表面铁削、毛刺，将阶梯钻毛坯与空气隔开，留以待用；
步骤八：铣牙，将步骤七中的阶梯钻毛坯装夹在数控铣床上，按照预设数据对钻屑柱体202以及圆锥环状切削层501表面进行加工，加工出钻牙601与导削槽602，得半成品阶梯钻；
步骤九：外检，对步骤八中加工出的半成品阶梯钻进行几何精度检验，如果半成品阶梯钻精度合格，执行步骤十，反之，半成品阶梯钻报废；
步骤十：热处理，将检验合格的半成品阶梯钻放置在热处理网带上，通过热处理炉加热，热处理温度900℃，热处理时间1～3小时，然后进入油槽淬火，回火；
步骤十一：黑化，将步骤十中的半成品阶梯钻清洗干净，然后将半成品阶梯钻暴露在等离子体焰炬中，向等离子体焰炬中注入重量百分比为80％氧气和重量百分比为20％四氟化碳，等离子体焰炬内的放电装置将气体诱发成等离子态，等离子体焰炬内的温度为800℃，半成品阶梯钻送入等离子体焰炬内5～8小时，半成品阶梯钻表面产生一个金属氧化物层，得成品阶梯钻6；
步骤十二：二次油浸、包装，将成品阶梯钻6清洗油浸，包装。
本发明并不局限于上述实施例，在本发明公开的技术方案的基础上，本领域的技术人员根据所公开的技术内容，不需要创造性的劳动就可以对其中的一些技术特征作出一些替换和变形，这些替换和变形均在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种粉末冶金的阶梯钻头制造方法，其特征在于，包括下列步骤：
步骤一：基体原料配比，将100-150重量份的铁粉、0.5-1重量份的钴粉、1-2重量份的镍粉、0.5-1重量份的二氧化硅颗粒、0.8-1.5重量份的碳化铬粉末以及0.5-0.8重量份的氧化钼粉末加入到搅拌磨中研磨，直至混合料的平均粒径小于20um时停止研磨，得基体研磨料，将基体研磨料投入喷雾机内进行喷雾和烘干，得基体混合料，留以待用；
步骤二：切削层原料配比，将40-60重量份的碳化钨粉、20-30重量份的钴粉、1-2重量份的镍粉、10-15重量份的碳化铬粉末加入到砂磨机中研磨，直至混合料的平均粒径小于1.5um时停止研磨，得切削层研磨料，将切削层研磨料投入喷雾机内进行喷雾和烘干，得切削层混合料，留以待用；
步骤三：基体压制，先将步骤二中的切削层混合料填充到基体成型模具中基体下模具的柱形腔内，再将步骤一中的基体混合料填充到基体成型模具中，通过基体成型模具压制出基体生坯，留以待用，所述基体生坯包括有锥台体，锥台体下端面设有与锥台体同轴的钻屑柱体，钻屑柱体横截面与锥台体下端面同径设置，锥台体上端面设有与锥台体同轴的钻柄柱体，所述基体成型模具包括基体下模具与基体上模具，基体下模具的上端面开设有锥形腔，位于锥尖朝下的锥形腔尖部的 基体下模具上开设有柱形腔，同轴设置的锥形腔与柱形腔围合成漏斗状的容料腔，容料腔上方的基体上模具下端面开设有柱形盲孔，所述柱形盲孔与柱形腔同轴设置，所述柱形腔用于加工钻屑柱体，所述锥形腔用于加工锥台体，所述柱形盲孔用于加工钻柄柱体；
步骤四：基体生坯烧结，将步骤三中的基体生坯摆放在碳板上输送至烧结炉内，基体生坯在烧结炉内烧结4.5～6h，烧结炉温为1100℃～1300℃，将基体生坯烧结成基体芯，自然冷却，留以待用；
步骤五：切削层压制，先步骤四中的基体芯放置于切削层成型模具中，基体芯与切削层成型模具之间形成圆锥环状的填料间隙腔，再将步骤二中的切削层混合料填充到填料间隙腔内，通过切削层成型模具压制出阶梯钻生坯，留以待用，所述阶梯钻生坯包括有基体生坯以及附着在基体生坯中锥台体外锥面上的圆锥环状切削层，所述切削层成型模具包括切削下模具与切削上模具，切削下模具的上端面开设有漏斗状的储屑腔，储屑腔包括有插接钻屑柱体的定位孔以及填充粉料的圆台腔，圆台腔与所述锥台体之间围合成圆锥环状的填料间隙腔，切削上模具上开设有插接钻柄柱体的限位孔；
步骤六：阶梯钻生坯烧结，将步骤五中的阶梯钻生坯摆放在碳板上输送至真空烧结炉内，真空环境为0.6MPa大气压，阶梯钻生坯在烧结炉内烧结4.5～6h，烧结炉温为1440℃～1480℃，将阶梯钻生坯烧结成阶梯钻毛坯，自然冷却，留以待用；
步骤七：一次油浸，将烧结后冷却的阶梯钻毛坯进行油浸，去除阶梯钻毛坯表面铁削、毛刺，将阶梯钻毛坯与空气隔开，留以待用；
步骤八：铣牙，将步骤七中的阶梯钻毛坯装夹在数控铣床上，按照预设数据对钻屑柱体以及圆锥环状切削层表面进行加工，加工出钻牙与导削槽，得半成品阶梯钻；
步骤九：外检，对步骤八中加工出的半成品阶梯钻进行几何精度检验，如果半成品阶梯钻精度合格，执行步骤十，反之，半成品阶梯钻报废；
步骤十：热处理，将检验合格的半成品阶梯钻放置在热处理网带上，通过热处理炉加热，热处理温度900℃，热处理时间1～3小时，然后进入油槽淬火，回火；
步骤十一：黑化，将步骤十中的半成品阶梯钻清洗干净，然后将半成品阶梯钻暴露在等离子体焰炬中，向等离子体焰炬中注入重量百分比为80％氧气和重量百分比为20％四氟化碳，等离子体焰炬内的放电装置将气体诱发成等离子态，所述等离子体焰炬内的温度为800℃，半成品阶梯钻送入等离子体焰炬内5～8小时，半成品阶梯钻表面产生一个金属氧化物层，得成品阶梯钻；
步骤十二：二次油浸、包装，将成品阶梯钻清洗油浸，包装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉末冶金的阶梯钻头制造方法，其特征在于：所述基体下模具的上端面设有同轴的限位环，所述基体上模具活动插接在限位环内。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种粉末冶金的阶梯钻头制造方法，其特征在于：所述切削下模具的上端面设有同轴的定位环，所述切削上模具活动插接在定位环内。
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