CN110624928A - Garbage pile excavation operation method - Google Patents
Garbage pile excavation operation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110624928A CN110624928A CN201910955554.XA CN201910955554A CN110624928A CN 110624928 A CN110624928 A CN 110624928A CN 201910955554 A CN201910955554 A CN 201910955554A CN 110624928 A CN110624928 A CN 110624928A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- landfill
- garbage
- excavation
- water
- site
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
- B09B1/004—Covering of dumping sites
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
Abstract
The invention discloses a garbage pile excavation operation method, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of field investigation, engineering danger elimination, excavation operation, gradient control, safety measures, precipitation and water diversion measures, air guiding measures, water filtering measures, pile body covering, rain and sewage shunting, disinfection and deodorization; according to the excavation operation method for the garbage pile body, sufficient site investigation work is performed before excavation, corresponding measures are convenient to avoid risks, the leachate of the garbage pile body can be effectively dredged by arranging the leachate guide and drainage blind ditch, smooth guiding of landfill gas is effectively ensured by arranging the gas well through drilling, the safety of operators is ensured, water in garbage is drained by arranging the water filtering platform, so that the garbage is convenient to transport, the safety risks are effectively avoided by reasonably and normatively excavating the garbage landfill, other buildings can be rebuilt in the garbage landfill, the garbage landfill can be reasonably disposed, and the problem of shortage of urban land can be relieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of operation of refuse landfills, in particular to a refuse pile excavation operation method.
Background
The garbage in a plurality of simple garbage landfills in cities in China exceeds the designed service life after being stacked for a long time. Meanwhile, strict investigation and planning are not performed according to local environmental conditions, geological conditions, and the like in the design process. In addition, in the process of treating the garbage pollution, the seepage-proofing measures of the landfill are designed to be incomplete, so that the pollution degree of the landfill is deepened, and great potential safety hazards are left for daily life and operation management of people.
Meanwhile, the range of the urban area in China is continuously enlarged, and the requirement of the construction land is sharply increased. As the construction land is increasingly tense, some early-built landfill sites are gradually arranged in the range of urban construction planning land. Therefore, in recent years, the re-development of the land occupation of the refuse landfill becomes a hot point, and engineering examples for building buildings on the domestic refuse landfill appear continuously at home and abroad.
The contradiction between safety risk and land shortage promotes the re-development and utilization of the refuse landfill area to become the key point of increasing attention, and the excavation and reconstruction of the refuse dump also begin to be proposed. At present, no standard refuse landfill excavation operation method exists in China, and therefore the invention provides a refuse dump excavation operation method to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a garbage pile excavation operation method which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a garbage pile excavation operation method comprises the following steps:
site investigation: investigating the refuse landfill site from two aspects of data investigation and environmental investigation, and making an investigation analysis report according to the investigation result;
engineering risk elimination: identifying the dangerous situation of the garbage side slope exceeding the safety side slope before excavation, carrying out danger elimination treatment, and protecting by adopting temporary support measures if necessary;
excavation operation: determining daily excavation amount according to the total amount of landfill objects, construction period and operation conditions, excavating garbage piles of the platform step by step from a current operation platform, adopting an excavator relay form, retreating and excavating from two sides of a medium-small excavator to the direction of an operation road at the center of an area, stopping a large excavator on the road surface of the operation road for taking earth and loading, taking earth from an intermediate operation road by an earth vehicle and abandoning the earth vehicle in a yard, and constructing a working platform for excavating a mechanical operation field when excavating to a unit depth, and continuously excavating until the bottom of a reservoir area;
gradient control: adopting a multistage slope-releasing platform-setting excavation method: firstly, dividing a garbage pile into units according to daily excavation load operation capacity, layering according to landfill height, and setting multi-stage platform layered excavation;
safety measures are as follows: forced ventilation measures are required on the site operation surface of the excavator to prevent methane from gathering on the surface of an operation area, explosion-proof construction equipment is adopted for drilling the surface of the pile body, water drainage equipment has explosion-proof performance, an electric pump cannot be adopted in a guide and exhaust vertical shaft, smoke and fire are strictly forbidden in construction operation, and the integrity of facilities such as a sealing covering system, a landfill gas guide and exhaust system, a rain and sewage diversion system and the like is ensured during construction;
precipitation and water guiding measures: when the horizontal diversion of leachate in the pile is not smooth, the leachate is diverted to ensure that the leachate can automatically flow to a regulating reservoir, and when the water level in the garbage pile is too high, emergency dewatering measures are adopted, wherein the emergency dewatering measures adopt but are not limited to drainage of a drainage shaft and automatic flow diversion of a horizontal drainage pipe arranged on a side slope;
air guiding measures are as follows: when the gas guide gabion is not arranged on the pile body or the gas guide gabion fails, a vertical drilling gas guide well is adopted to ensure the smooth lead-out of the landfill gas;
water filtration measures: the produced landfill with higher water content is stacked to a special material stacking field for air drying or blast drying, and the bottom of the material stacking field is provided with a leachate collecting pool;
and (3) covering the stack body: temporarily covering by adopting an HDPE (high-density polyethylene) smooth film with the thickness of 0.75mm in the excavation process, and timely covering the area which is not excavated by adopting the HDPE film;
rain and sewage diversion: the stack covering film and the stack surface gradient are utilized to effectively control and guide clean rainwater to a platform drainage ditch and a water collecting tank, and a submersible electric pump is adopted to pump water to a peripheral rainwater system;
sterilization and deodorization: according to the method, a deodorization and sterilization scheme is formulated in the year, month and week according to an excavation plan, weather conditions and the like, a medicament is used for spraying operation, an operation area and a mosquito and fly dense area are required to be periodically sterilized, conditions of mosquitoes, flies, mice and the like in the whole field are required to be checked every month, the danger degree and sterilization efficiency of the mosquitoes, the sterilization and sterilization scheme is adjusted in time when problems are found, and the deodorization and sterilization operation is mainly performed on an operation surface.
Preferably, in the site investigation step, the data investigation work comprises data collection, personnel interview and site reconnaissance, wherein the data collection mainly comprises landfill site environment data, engineering design and construction data, operation management records, related files and natural and social information of a site area; the site reconnaissance mainly comprises the current situation and the historical situation of a landfill site, the current situation and the historical situation of a surrounding area, and the description of geology, hydrology and topography around a field;
the key reconnaissance objects comprise: integrity and operation conditions of functional systems such as landfill gas guiding and discharging facilities, leachate guiding and discharging and treating facilities, rain and sewage diversion facilities, sealing coverage systems and the like;
the present and historical conditions of landfills include: the type of the landfill, the landfill age and the landfill sequence of each area, the thickness of a landfill body and the water level of a reservoir bottom, the operation condition and the extension condition of a landfill site, whether leachate leakage accidents occur or not and whether the transverse migration of landfill gas occurs or not;
the present and historical conditions of the surrounding area include: the type of land use, nearby surface water, municipal facilities, of the surrounding area at present or in the past;
the description of geology, hydrology and terrain surrounding the field includes: the observation and recording of the site and surrounding geology, hydrogeology and topography is analyzed to assist in determining the risk of contaminant migration.
Preferably, the environmental survey in the site survey step includes: making a sampling analysis working plan, sampling on site, evaluating data, analyzing results and compiling a survey analysis report; the working content of the sampling analysis working plan comprises checking the existing information, determining a sampling object, making a sampling scheme and making a sampling analysis scheme; determining a sample object refers to actually determining a relevant sample analysis object from the landfill, and generally includes: landfill components, groundwater, surface water, bottom and surrounding soil, landfill gas, malodor, atmospheric environment.
Preferably, the landfill site can be pretreated before risk elimination in the project, the landfill site with the landfill age less than 1 year can be pretreated in the mining area by adopting the aerobic remediation technology, the treatment time is not less than 1 week, and the pretreatment mainly adopts the mode of integral aerobic stabilization treatment or local aerobic stabilization treatment.
Preferably, in the excavation operation step, the thickness of the pile body should be monitored in real time during excavation, the seepage-proofing structure of the side slope and the bottom should be strictly prevented from being damaged, mechanical excavation should be converted into manual excavation when the excavation thickness reaches about 0.5m, and the seepage-proofing structure is reasonably disposed after the excavation and transportation of the landfill are finished.
Preferably, in the gradient control step, the height of each layer of the layered excavation is not more than 5m, the width of each stage of platform is not less than 2m, the gradient of the slope is not more than 1:2, and the stability safety factor is strictly ensured to be more than 1.30.
Preferably, in the step of the dewatering and water guiding measures, before the current operation layer is excavated, a leachate drainage guide blind ditch is arranged 2m away from the slope toe of the slope, when the garbage is excavated in a layered manner, garbage seepage water collecting channels are arranged on the surface of the garbage pile at intervals of 10-20m to promote accumulated water to be guided to the leachate drainage guide blind ditch, a leachate collecting pit is arranged at the tail end of the blind ditch, leachate accumulated in the garbage is guided out to the collecting pit, and a sewage pump is adopted to drain the leachate regulating reservoir.
Preferably, in the gas guiding measure step, the drilling depth of the gas guiding well is not less than 2/3 of the landfill depth, and the distance from the bottom of the well to the bottom of the field is not less than 2 m.
Preferably, in the step of water filtering measures, for the garbage dump with water content of more than 70% and obvious water seepage, a water filtering platform is arranged at a platform at the tail end of the excavated operation road, the water filtering platform consists of 400mm graded broken stones and 200mm coarse sand, and the 300mm graded broken stones are arranged at the top of the 200mm coarse sand; a drainage ditch is arranged at the side of the water filtering platform; can utilize effectual natural drainage facility, after straining the moisture in the rubbish dry, secondary digs fortune rubbish dump.
Preferably, in the deodorizing and deodorizing step, in the process of performing key deodorizing and deodorizing operation on the operation surface, the foul gas is generated most obviously in spring and autumn in seasons where mosquitoes and flies breed seriously, and the spraying strength of the deodorizing and deodorizing agent is increased;
in summer, mosquitoes and flies are favored to hide and are not easy to spray in place when the temperature is higher, and in order to ensure better killing effect and operation safety of operators in a high-temperature operation environment, the killing operation is carried out before 10 am or after sunset in the afternoon;
when the temperature is below 0 ℃ in winter, malodorous gas is hardly generated, the spraying can be stopped, and if the weather is continuously fine in winter, comprehensive disinfection and killing should be carried out at proper time;
when the wind power is more than 4 grades, the spraying effect is not good, the medicament can be reduced or the spraying is stopped, and the spraying scheme is adjusted timely according to the air quality monitoring condition;
under other climatic conditions, the time interval of intensive mosquito and fly activities is taken as the killing operation time interval, and the killing effect is ensured by adopting a repeated and comprehensive killing mode in combination with the characteristics of wide landfill operation area, no sealing and fly escape in the killing process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the method for excavating the garbage pile, sufficient site investigation is performed before excavation so as to conveniently evaluate the pollution risk of a garbage landfill site and further conveniently adopt corresponding measures to avoid the risk, the whole excavation process is performed under strict safety measures, and the safety of excavation operation is ensured;
the excavation operation adopts a multi-level slope-releasing platform excavation method, so that the dangers such as collapse and the like can be effectively avoided, and the safety of the excavation operation is ensured;
the leachate of the garbage pile body can be effectively dredged by arranging the leachate guiding and draining blind ditch;
through the arrangement of the drilling gas guiding well, the smooth guiding of the landfill gas is effectively ensured, and the safety of operating personnel is ensured;
by arranging the water filtering platform, the water in the garbage is filtered to be dry by utilizing an effective natural water filtering facility so as to facilitate the transportation of the garbage;
in the excavation operation process, the HDPE film is adopted to cover the garbage pile body, so that rainwater can be prevented from entering the garbage pile body, and the excavation operation difficulty is increased;
the environmental sanitation of the operation surface is ensured by sterilizing and deodorizing the operation surface.
In conclusion, the method effectively avoids safety risks by reasonably and normatively excavating the refuse landfill, can reconstruct other buildings by the refuse landfill, can reasonably dispose the refuse landfill, eliminates the potential safety hazard of the refuse landfill, and can relieve the problem of shortage of urban land.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a garbage pile excavation operation method according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a site survey flow of the method for excavating the garbage heap according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
A garbage pile excavation operation method comprises the following steps:
site investigation: investigating the refuse landfill site from two aspects of data investigation and environmental investigation, and making an investigation analysis report according to the investigation result; data research works include data collection, interviewing of personnel, and site reconnaissance.
The data collection mainly comprises landfill site environment data, engineering design and construction data, operation management records, related files and natural and social information of the site area, wherein:
the site environment data comprises: site hydrological, geological and topographic data, and the position relation between the site and environment sensitive areas such as natural protecting area, water source protecting area, residential area, etc.;
the engineering design and construction data includes: design data such as a geological survey report, a feasibility study report, an environmental impact evaluation report, preliminary design, construction drawing design and the like, and construction data such as a construction organization design, a construction quality report and the like;
the operation management record comprises: the method comprises the following steps of recording landfill entrance garbage, storing and using dangerous chemicals, monitoring and recording the environment, collecting and processing leachate and recording landfill operation;
the related documents include: regional environmental protection planning, environmental quality bulletin, ecological and water source protection area planning.
Personnel interviews including questions related to data collection and site survey, information supplement and existing data testimony can be carried out in the mode of on-the-spot communication, telephone communication, electronic or written questionnaire; the subjects of the interview of the people mainly include: a landfill operation management organization, a director, an environmental protection administration, a site of a field, or a third party familiar with a landfill (such as residents near the landfill); after the interview is finished, the interview content is collated, and suspicious places and imperfect places in the interview content are verified and supplemented by contrasting the existing data to be used as attachments of survey reports.
The site reconnaissance mainly comprises the current situation and the historical situation of a landfill site, the current situation and the historical situation of a surrounding area, and the description of geology, hydrology and topography around a field;
the key reconnaissance objects comprise: integrity and operation conditions of functional systems such as landfill gas guiding and discharging facilities, leachate guiding and discharging and treating facilities, rain and sewage diversion facilities, sealing coverage systems and the like;
the present and historical conditions of landfills include: the type of the landfill, the landfill age and the landfill sequence of each area, the thickness of a landfill body and the water level of a reservoir bottom, the operation condition and the extension condition of a landfill site, whether leachate leakage accidents occur or not and whether the transverse migration of landfill gas occurs or not;
the present and historical conditions of the surrounding area include: the type of land use, nearby surface water, municipal facilities, of the surrounding area at present or in the past;
the description of geology, hydrology and terrain surrounding the field includes: observing and recording the field and surrounding geology, hydrogeology and terrain, and analyzing to assist in judging the risk of pollutant migration;
the site reconnaissance mainly knows the site pollution condition by identifying abnormal odor, photographing and taking pictures and taking notes on the site, and can also use a site rapid measuring instrument.
In the environment investigation stage in the site investigation step, the sampling analysis content is determined according to the site environment investigation conclusion and a survey analysis report is formed, wherein the method comprises the following steps: making a sampling analysis working plan, sampling on site, evaluating data, analyzing results and compiling a survey analysis report.
The working content of the sampling analysis working plan comprises checking the existing information, determining a sampling object, making a sampling scheme and making a sampling analysis scheme;
the existing information checking means that various kinds of relevant information of the landfill collected in the first stage are checked, and the source of the information is checked to ensure the authenticity and the applicability of the information;
determining a sample object refers to actually determining a relevant sample analysis object from the landfill, and generally includes: landfill components, underground water, surface water, bottom and surrounding soil, landfill gas, odor and atmospheric environment;
the method for making the sampling scheme comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of distribution of sampling points, the number of samples, a sample collection method, a field rapid monitoring method, sample collection, storage, transportation, storage and other requirements.
Preparation work is required to be done before on-site sampling, positioning and detection are carried out, part of projects can be rapidly detected by adopting portable equipment, and the preparation work comprises the following steps: positioning instruments, field detection equipment, investigation information recording equipment, sampling equipment for soil, landfill gas, underground water, atmosphere and the like, sample storage devices, safety protection equipment and the like;
the positioning and detecting means that the concrete position and the ground elevation of a sampling point are determined through a measuring tape, a GPS (global positioning system) locator, a theodolite and the like, facilities such as a conduit pipeline and the like in the landfill body are detected through a ground penetrating radar and the like, and the leachate water level, the groundwater water level and the like in the landfill body are determined through a water level meter;
the portable equipment generally comprises an organic matter rapid determinator, a heavy metal rapid determinator, a biogas analyzer and the like, which are used for analyzing the content of degradable components of the landfill, the content of heavy metals in leachate, the composition of landfill gas and the like;
parameters which cannot be detected on site or do not have on-site test conditions are collected, stored, transported and stored strictly according to a sampling scheme.
The survey analysis report comprises survey content analysis, summarization and evaluation, and gives conclusions and suggestions; the investigation content analysis, summarization and evaluation comprises the steps of sorting investigation information and detection results, evaluating the quality of detection data, analyzing the effectiveness and sufficiency of the data, and evaluating the current situation and the pollution control key point of the landfill site; the conclusion and the suggestion refer to that the ecological restoration technical scheme is suggested by researching the landfill site, giving the pollution risk suitable for the site and the measures to be taken.
The method is characterized in that the landfill can be pretreated before risk elimination in engineering, the landfill with the landfill age less than 1 year can be pretreated on the mining area by adopting an aerobic remediation technology, the treatment time is not less than 1 week, and the pretreatment mainly adopts a mode of integral aerobic stabilization or local aerobic stabilization.
Engineering risk elimination: identifying the dangerous situation of the garbage side slope exceeding the safety side slope before excavation, carrying out danger elimination treatment, and protecting by adopting temporary support measures if necessary; and strictly forbidding to carry out large-scale disturbance on the slope in the danger elimination process.
Excavation operation: determining daily excavation amount according to the total amount of landfill objects, construction period and operation conditions, excavating garbage piles of the platform step by step from a current operation platform, adopting an excavator relay form, retreating and excavating from two sides of a medium-small excavator to the direction of an operation road at the center of an area, stopping a large excavator on the road surface of the operation road for taking earth and loading, taking earth from an intermediate operation road by an earth vehicle and abandoning the earth vehicle in a yard, and constructing a working platform for excavating a mechanical operation field when excavating to a unit depth, and continuously excavating until the bottom of a reservoir area; the thickness of the pile body is monitored in real time in the excavation process, the seepage-proofing structure of the side slope and the bottom is strictly forbidden to be damaged, the mechanical excavation is converted into manual excavation when the thickness of the pile body is about 0.5m, and the seepage-proofing structure is reasonably disposed after the excavation and transportation of the landfill are finished.
The size of the excavation unit is determined according to the site conditions of the pile terrain, the stability condition, construction equipment and the like, the size in the table 1 can be selected as the size of the mining unit, and the size of the unit is adjusted in time according to the actual condition in the mining process so as to meet the actual requirement of mining.
TABLE 1 mining unit size reference Table
Gradient control: adopting a multistage slope-releasing platform-setting excavation method: firstly, dividing a garbage pile into units according to daily excavation load operation capacity, layering according to landfill height, and setting multi-stage platform layered excavation; the height of each layer of the layered excavation is not more than 5m, the width of each stage of platform is not less than 2m, the slope of the slope is not more than 1:2, and the stability safety factor is strictly ensured to be more than 1.30.
The layered excavation operation specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly digging away the upper layer of garbage, then digging the lower layer of garbage, when the garbage is dug, using a bulldozer to conduct inclined plane layered operation, and immediately clearing and transporting the dug and loosened garbage.
Safety measures are as follows: forced ventilation measures must be taken on the site operation surface of the excavator to prevent methane from gathering on the surface of an operation area, explosion-proof construction equipment is adopted for drilling the surface of the pile body, water drainage equipment has explosion-proof performance, an electric pump cannot be adopted in a guide drainage vertical shaft, smoke and fire are strictly forbidden in construction operation, and the integrity of facilities such as a sealing covering system, a landfill gas guide drainage system, a rain and sewage diversion system and the like is ensured during construction.
Precipitation and water guiding measures: when the horizontal diversion of leachate in the pile is not smooth, the leachate is diverted to ensure that the leachate can automatically flow to a regulating reservoir, and when the water level in the garbage pile is too high, emergency dewatering measures are adopted, wherein the emergency dewatering measures adopt but are not limited to drainage of a drainage shaft and automatic flow diversion of a horizontal drainage pipe arranged on a side slope; before excavating the current operation aspect, a leachate drainage guide blind ditch is arranged 2m away from the slope toe of the side slope, when garbage is excavated in a layered mode, a garbage seepage water collection ditch is formed in the surface of a garbage pile at the interval of 10-20m to promote accumulated water to be guided to the leachate drainage guide blind ditch, a leachate collection pit is arranged at the tail end of the blind ditch, leachate stored in the garbage is guided out to the collection pit, and a sewage pump is adopted to drain the leachate to a leachate adjusting tank.
Air guiding measures are as follows: when the gas guide gabion is not arranged on the pile body or the gas guide gabion fails, a vertical drilling gas guide well is adopted to ensure the smooth lead-out of the landfill gas; the drilling depth of the drilling gas guide well is not less than 2/3 of the landfill depth, the distance from the bottom of the well to the bottom of the field is not less than 2m, explosion-proof construction equipment is adopted for drilling, and measures are taken to protect an impermeable layer at the bottom of the field.
Water filtration measures: the produced landfill with higher water content is stacked to a special material stacking field for air drying or blast drying, and the bottom of the material stacking field is provided with a leachate collecting pool; the capacity of the leachate collecting pool is determined according to the actual conditions of the water content of the landfill, the daily delivery capacity and the daily treatment capacity, and for a garbage pile body with the water content of more than 70 percent and obvious water seepage, a water filtering platform is arranged at a platform at the tail end of an excavation operation road, the water filtering platform consists of 400mm graded broken stones and 200mm coarse sand, and the 300mm graded broken stones are arranged at the top of the 200mm coarse sand; a drainage ditch is arranged at the side of the water filtering platform; can utilize effectual natural drainage facility, after straining the moisture in the rubbish dry, secondary digs fortune rubbish dump.
And (3) covering the stack body: temporarily covering by adopting an HDPE (high-density polyethylene) smooth film with the thickness of 0.75mm in the excavation process, and timely covering the area which is not excavated by adopting the HDPE film; in the process of laying the covering film and subsequently and repeatedly uncovering and covering the film, local welding leakage or film surface damage between two films may exist, a person specially assigned after covering carries out carpet type investigation, single repair welding is carried out when the welding leakage or damage occurs, rainwater is ensured not to enter a pile body, each film is uncovered and covered for 3 times, and forced scrapping is ensured within the effective service life.
Rain and sewage diversion: the stack covering film and the stack surface gradient are utilized to effectively control and guide clean rainwater to a platform drainage ditch and a water collecting tank, and a submersible electric pump is adopted to pump water to a peripheral rainwater system;
sterilization and deodorization: 1) according to an excavation plan, weather conditions and the like, a deodorization and disinfection scheme for the year, the month and the week is formulated, spraying operation is carried out by using a medicament, a landfill area, an operation road and a peripheral road surface are kept flat and have no pit water, and a flood interception ditch of the reservoir area is smooth and has no blockage; the operation area and the mosquito and fly dense area are required to be regularly killed, the conditions of the whole field such as mosquitoes and flies, mice and the like are met every month, the danger degree and the killing efficiency are evaluated, the problem is found, the killing scheme is timely adjusted, the spraying mode is mainly that a small truck carries a water tank, a wind gun sprays, a water tank position fixing construction pipeline sprays 3 spraying modes by using a water pump, and the spraying modes are suitable for being selected according to specific conditions.
2) Performing deodorization, disinfection and killing operation on an operation surface at an important point, wherein foul gas is generated most obviously in spring and autumn in relatively serious seasons for breeding mosquitoes and flies, and the spraying strength of the deodorization, disinfection and killing agent is increased;
in summer, mosquitoes and flies are favored to hide and are not easy to spray in place when the temperature is higher, and in order to ensure better killing effect and operation safety of operators in a high-temperature operation environment, the killing operation is carried out before 10 am or after sunset in the afternoon;
when the temperature is below 0 ℃ in winter, malodorous gas is hardly generated, the spraying can be stopped, and if the weather is continuously fine in winter, comprehensive disinfection and killing should be carried out at proper time;
when the wind power is more than 4 grades, the spraying effect is not good, the medicament can be reduced or the spraying is stopped, and the spraying scheme is adjusted timely according to the air quality monitoring condition;
under other climatic conditions, the time interval of intensive mosquito and fly activities is taken as the killing operation time interval, and the killing effect is ensured by adopting a repeated and comprehensive killing mode in combination with the characteristics of wide landfill operation area, no sealing and fly escape in the killing process.
Sufficient site investigation work is performed before excavation so as to conveniently evaluate the pollution risk of the refuse landfill and further conveniently take corresponding measures to avoid the risk, the whole excavation process is performed under strict safety measure conditions, and the safety of excavation operation is ensured;
the excavation operation adopts a multi-level slope-releasing platform excavation method, so that the dangers such as collapse and the like can be effectively avoided, and the safety of the excavation operation is ensured;
the leachate of the garbage pile body can be effectively dredged by arranging the leachate guiding and draining blind ditch;
through the arrangement of the drilling gas guiding well, the smooth guiding of the landfill gas is effectively ensured, and the safety of operating personnel is ensured;
by arranging the water filtering platform, the water in the garbage is filtered to be dry by utilizing an effective natural water filtering facility so as to facilitate the transportation of the garbage;
in the excavation operation process, the HDPE film is adopted to cover the garbage pile body, so that rainwater can be prevented from entering the garbage pile body, and the excavation operation difficulty is increased;
the environmental sanitation of the operation surface is ensured by sterilizing and deodorizing the operation surface;
in conclusion, the method effectively avoids safety risks by reasonably and normatively excavating the refuse landfill, can reconstruct other buildings by the refuse landfill, can reasonably dispose the refuse landfill, eliminates the potential safety hazard of the refuse landfill, and can relieve the problem of shortage of urban land.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A garbage pile excavation operation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
site investigation: investigating the refuse landfill site from two aspects of data investigation and environmental investigation, and making an investigation analysis report according to the investigation result;
engineering risk elimination: identifying the dangerous situation of the garbage side slope exceeding the safety side slope before excavation, carrying out danger elimination treatment, and protecting by adopting temporary support measures if necessary;
excavation operation: excavating the garbage dump of the platform step by step from the current operation platform, adopting an excavator relay form, retreating and excavating from two sides of a medium-small excavator to the direction of an operation road at the center of an area, stopping a large excavator on the road surface of the operation road to take and load earth, taking out earth from the middle operation road by an earth vehicle, abandoning the earth vehicle in a dump, and constructing a working platform for excavating a mechanical operation field when excavating to a unit depth, and continuously excavating until the bottom of a reservoir area;
gradient control: adopting a multistage slope-releasing platform-setting excavation method: firstly, dividing a garbage pile into units according to daily excavation load operation capacity, layering according to landfill height, and setting multi-stage platform layered excavation;
safety measures are as follows: forced ventilation measures are required on the site operation surface of the excavator to prevent methane from gathering on the surface of an operation area, explosion-proof construction equipment is adopted for drilling the surface of the pile body, water drainage equipment has explosion-proof performance, an electric pump cannot be adopted in a guide and exhaust vertical shaft, smoke and fire are strictly forbidden in construction operation, and the integrity of facilities such as a sealing covering system, a landfill gas guide and exhaust system, a rain and sewage diversion system and the like is ensured during construction;
precipitation and water guiding measures: when the horizontal diversion of leachate in the pile is not smooth, the leachate is diverted to ensure that the leachate can automatically flow to a regulating reservoir, and when the water level in the garbage pile is too high, emergency dewatering measures are adopted, wherein the emergency dewatering measures adopt but are not limited to drainage of a drainage shaft and automatic flow diversion of a horizontal drainage pipe arranged on a side slope;
air guiding measures are as follows: when the gas guide gabion is not arranged on the pile body or the gas guide gabion fails, a vertical drilling gas guide well is adopted to ensure the smooth lead-out of the landfill gas;
water filtration measures: the produced landfill with higher water content is stacked to a special material stacking field for air drying or blast drying, and the bottom of the material stacking field is provided with a leachate collecting pool;
and (3) covering the stack body: temporarily covering by adopting an HDPE (high-density polyethylene) smooth film with the thickness of 0.75mm in the excavation process, and timely covering the area which is not excavated by adopting the HDPE film;
rain and sewage diversion: the stack covering film and the stack surface gradient are utilized to effectively control and guide clean rainwater to a platform drainage ditch and a water collecting tank, and a submersible electric pump is adopted to pump water to a peripheral rainwater system;
sterilization and deodorization: the operation area and the mosquito and fly dense area are regularly killed, the conditions of mosquitoes, flies, mice and the like in the whole field are checked every month, the danger degree and the killing efficiency are evaluated, the killing scheme is timely adjusted when the problem is found, and the deodorization, killing and operation is mainly carried out on the operation surface.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the site investigation step comprises data collection, personnel interview and site survey, the data collection mainly comprises landfill site environment data, engineering design and construction data, operation management records, related documents and natural and social information of the site area; the site reconnaissance mainly comprises the current situation and the historical situation of a landfill site, the current situation and the historical situation of a surrounding area, and the description of geology, hydrology and topography around a field;
the key reconnaissance objects comprise: integrity and operation conditions of functional systems such as landfill gas guiding and discharging facilities, leachate guiding and discharging and treating facilities, rain and sewage diversion facilities, sealing coverage systems and the like;
the present and historical conditions of landfills include: the type of the landfill, the landfill age and the landfill sequence of each area, the thickness of a landfill body and the water level of a reservoir bottom, the operation condition and the extension condition of a landfill site, whether leachate leakage accidents occur or not and whether the transverse migration of landfill gas occurs or not;
the present and historical conditions of the surrounding area include: the type of land use, nearby surface water, municipal facilities, of the surrounding area at present or in the past;
the description of geology, hydrology and terrain surrounding the field includes: the observation and recording of the site and surrounding geology, hydrogeology and topography is analyzed to assist in determining the risk of contaminant migration.
3. The method for excavating a refuse dump according to claim 1, wherein the environmental survey in the site survey step comprises: making a sampling analysis working plan, sampling on site, evaluating data, analyzing results and compiling a survey analysis report; the working content of the sampling analysis working plan comprises checking the existing information, determining a sampling object, making a sampling scheme and making a sampling analysis scheme; determining a sample object refers to actually determining a relevant sample analysis object from the landfill, and generally includes: landfill components, groundwater, surface water, bottom and surrounding soil, landfill gas, malodor, atmospheric environment.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the landfill site is pretreated before danger elimination, and for the landfill site with the landfill life less than 1 year, the mining area is pretreated by aerobic remediation technology, the treatment time is not less than 1 week, and the pretreatment mainly adopts integral aerobic stabilization or local aerobic stabilization.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in the excavation step, the thickness of the pile is monitored in real time during excavation, the seepage-proofing structure of the side slope and the bottom is strictly prevented from being damaged, the mechanical excavation is converted into manual excavation when the thickness of the pile is about 0.5m, and the seepage-proofing structure is reasonably disposed after the transportation of the landfill excavation is finished.
6. The method for excavating the garbage heap according to claim 1, wherein in the gradient control step, the height of each layer of the layered excavation is not more than 5m, the width of each platform is not less than 2m, the gradient of the slope is not more than 1:2, and the safety factor of stability is strictly ensured to be more than 1.30.
7. The excavation operation method of the garbage heap body according to claim 1, wherein in the precipitation water guiding measure step, before excavating the current working layer, a leachate drainage blind ditch is arranged 2m away from the slope toe of the side slope, when garbage is excavated in layers, garbage seepage water collecting channels are arranged on the surface of the garbage heap body at intervals of 10-20m to promote the accumulated water to be guided to the leachate drainage blind ditch, a leachate collecting pit is arranged at the tail end of the blind ditch, leachate stored in the garbage is guided out to the collecting pit, and the leachate is discharged to a leachate regulating tank by a sewage pump.
8. The method of excavating a garbage stack according to claim 1, wherein in the step of conducting gas, the drilling depth of the gas conducting hole is not less than 2/3 of the landfill depth, and the distance from the bottom of the hole to the bottom of the field is not less than 2 m.
9. The method for excavating work of a garbage heap according to claim 1, wherein in the step of water filtering measure, for the garbage heap with water content of more than 70% and obvious water seepage, a water filtering platform is arranged at a platform at the end of an excavation work road, the water filtering platform is composed of 400mm graded broken stones and 200mm coarse sand, and the 300mm graded broken stones are arranged on the top of the 200mm coarse sand; a drainage ditch is arranged at the side of the water filtering platform; can utilize effectual natural drainage facility, after straining the moisture in the rubbish dry, secondary digs fortune rubbish dump.
10. The excavation work method for the trash pile according to claim 1, wherein in the step of deodorizing, the spraying strength of the deodorizing and sterilizing agent should be increased in spring and autumn during the process of performing the key deodorizing, deodorizing and sterilizing work on the work surface;
in summer, the disinfection and killing operation is carried out before 10 am or after sunset in the afternoon;
the spraying can be stopped when the temperature is below 0 ℃ in winter, and if the weather is continuously fine in winter, comprehensive disinfection and killing can be carried out timely;
when the wind power is above 4 grade, the medicament can be reduced or the spraying can be stopped;
under other climatic conditions, the time interval of the mosquito and fly activities is intensive as the time interval of the killing operation, and a repeated and comprehensive killing mode is adopted.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910955554.XA CN110624928B (en) | 2019-10-09 | 2019-10-09 | Garbage pile excavation operation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910955554.XA CN110624928B (en) | 2019-10-09 | 2019-10-09 | Garbage pile excavation operation method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110624928A true CN110624928A (en) | 2019-12-31 |
| CN110624928B CN110624928B (en) | 2020-11-17 |
Family
ID=68976237
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910955554.XA Active CN110624928B (en) | 2019-10-09 | 2019-10-09 | Garbage pile excavation operation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110624928B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114101278A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-03-01 | 捷艾悉环保科技（上海）有限公司 | Intelligent processing method and pretreatment method for excavating stale garbage |
| CN114319455A (en) * | 2021-11-27 | 2022-04-12 | 中国化学工程第十四建设有限公司 | Full-coverage sealing, environmental treatment and greening process for large-scale refuse landfill |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005238050A (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2005-09-08 | Miyoshi Oil & Fat Co Ltd | Method for reproducing waste reclamation disposal plant |
| KR20090124821A (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2009-12-03 | 이주형 | Reuse of land and treatment of waste at nangi landfill |
| KR20110063896A (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2011-06-15 | 주식회사 건화 | Excavation landfill |
| CN102335669A (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-02-01 | 湖南省一鼎环保有限公司 | Processing method of garbage landfill |
| CN104874598A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-02 | 中能润达环境工程有限公司 | Land reuse processing method of refuse landfill |
| CN106694529A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-05-24 | 广东东实开能能源有限公司 | Refuse yard regeneration reusing system and method |
| CN107597789A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-01-19 | 东莞翰飞环保科技有限公司 | A kind of refuse landfill subregion application method |
| CN207330939U (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2018-05-08 | 北京铮实环保工程有限公司 | A kind of fast and stable processing system before the excavation for informal landfill |
| CN109351755A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-19 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of processing method of aging rubbish |
-
2019
- 2019-10-09 CN CN201910955554.XA patent/CN110624928B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005238050A (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2005-09-08 | Miyoshi Oil & Fat Co Ltd | Method for reproducing waste reclamation disposal plant |
| KR20090124821A (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2009-12-03 | 이주형 | Reuse of land and treatment of waste at nangi landfill |
| KR20110063896A (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2011-06-15 | 주식회사 건화 | Excavation landfill |
| CN102335669A (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-02-01 | 湖南省一鼎环保有限公司 | Processing method of garbage landfill |
| CN104874598A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-02 | 中能润达环境工程有限公司 | Land reuse processing method of refuse landfill |
| CN106694529A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-05-24 | 广东东实开能能源有限公司 | Refuse yard regeneration reusing system and method |
| CN207330939U (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2018-05-08 | 北京铮实环保工程有限公司 | A kind of fast and stable processing system before the excavation for informal landfill |
| CN107597789A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-01-19 | 东莞翰飞环保科技有限公司 | A kind of refuse landfill subregion application method |
| CN109351755A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-19 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of processing method of aging rubbish |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 张楠: "陈腐垃圾填埋场的开挖及资源化的利用分析", 《居舍》 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114101278A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-03-01 | 捷艾悉环保科技（上海）有限公司 | Intelligent processing method and pretreatment method for excavating stale garbage |
| CN114101278B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-11-22 | 捷艾悉环保科技（上海）有限公司 | Intelligent excavation stale refuse treatment method and pretreatment method |
| CN114319455A (en) * | 2021-11-27 | 2022-04-12 | 中国化学工程第十四建设有限公司 | Full-coverage sealing, environmental treatment and greening process for large-scale refuse landfill |
| CN114319455B (en) * | 2021-11-27 | 2024-03-05 | 中国化学工程第十四建设有限公司 | Full-coverage sealing field, environment treatment and re-greening process for large refuse landfill |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110624928B (en) | 2020-11-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Townsend et al. | Sustainable practices for landfill design and operation | |
| Meegoda et al. | Landfill design and operation | |
| CN110624928B (en) | Garbage pile excavation operation method | |
| O’Leary et al. | Landfilling | |
| Guyer et al. | An introduction to sanitary landfills | |
| Victoria | Siting, design, operation and rehabilitation of landfills | |
| Kamaruddin et al. | Sanitary landfill operation and management | |
| CN114101278B (en) | Intelligent excavation stale refuse treatment method and pretreatment method | |
| RU2294245C1 (en) | Method of the environmental protection against pollution by the domestic and industrial wastes | |
| Mendoza et al. | Design of a model to assess the environmental risk of leachate dams | |
| Nwachukwu et al. | Model of Secure Landfill Using Abandoned Mine Pit—Technical and Economic Imperatives In Poor Developing Nations | |
| Pazoki et al. | Landfilling | |
| Majewski | The Reclamation of a Municipal Waste Landfill-Grudziądz Case Study | |
| Keister et al. | Landfills | |
| CAZALBAŞU | STUDY ON MANAGEMENT METHODS OF THE MASSAGE WASTE. | |
| Burke et al. | Burying by the bale | |
| Joseph¹ et al. | Dumpsite rehabilitation | |
| Manual | Best Management Practices | |
| Terlecky Jr | Sanitary landfill | |
| Scekic | Risks of underground methane gas in construction projects. A survey on methane gas concentration in Gothenburg, Sweden | |
| Nogales | Remedial Action Work Plan for the Former US Border Protection Firing Range | |
| NANKENG DONGMO | Improvement of the construction techniques of landfills in the Center Region: Case study of Nkolfoulou Landfill (Yaoundé) | |
| Matthews | Review of management of used tyres at landfill sites | |
| Amin | Designing sustainable landfill for Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia | |
| KUMAR et al. | A Detailed Study on Land Fill Construction Process |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |