CN110619490B - Method for evaluating cementing sealing performance of fractured and crushed compact carbonate rock zone - Google Patents
Method for evaluating cementing sealing performance of fractured and crushed compact carbonate rock zone Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an evaluation method for the cementation sealing of a fractured and fractured zone. Aiming at the defect that the existing compact carbonate rock fracture zone is lack of the evaluation technology for cementing seal, the invention evaluates the cementing degree of the fracture zone through measuring and counting the cementing rate of holes and cracks of the compact carbonate rock fracture zone on the basis of judging and identifying the carbonate rock fracture zone controlled by cementing action; obtaining an ideal regression equation through a regression curve of the cementation rate and the distance from the fault, and calculating the difference value of the ideal cementation rate of the corresponding position through the actual measuring point crack cementation rate and the regression equation to represent the relative sealing index of the fracture and breakage zone; on the basis, the cementation sealing evaluation of the fracture zone of the compact carbonate rock is carried out. The method is suitable for the compact carbonate rock fracture zone with the sealing controlled by cementing action, and provides a new method for evaluating the sealing of the fracture zone.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of evaluation of tectonic geology and oil gas exploration and development. More particularly, the invention relates to a seismic technology identification and evaluation method of a fractured and fractured zone of carbonate rock.
Background
The periphery of a fault nucleus with a narrow large fracture zone is often developed into a wide fracture zone, and the width of the fracture zone can reach several kilometers. Fracture-fracturing zones (including fault nuclei and fracture zones) not only control the rock mechanics and seepage performance of the fracture zone, but also have complex internal structure deformation, fluid-rock action, and seepage action (Caine et al, 1996; Aydin, 2000; Childs et al, 2009; Faulkner et al, 2010; Choi et al, 2016; peach et al, 2017). Recent studies have shown that fault nuclei tend to be barriers to fluid migration after fracture events and during burial, with complex migration of fluids occurring primarily along the fracture zone, but with complex barrier-channel variations in space and time (Billie et al, 2003; Micarelli et al, 2006; Agosta, 2012; Brogi and Novellino, 2015; Dimmen et al, 2017). Diagenesis (e.g., cementation) during long-term burial can dramatically change the permeability of fractured zones over time (e.g., Billi et al, 2003; hauseger et al, 2010; Haines et al, 2016; Williams et al, 2017), especially old tight carbonates.
Donney et al (1984) have suggested that diagenesis may have an effect on the internal structure of the fracture zone, for example, the mineral formed by recrystallization may have a reduced porosity in the fracture zone. Gibson (1994) studied the cause of fault blocking, believed to be mainly due to the blocking of the interior of the fault. Knipe (1992) proposed a method for evaluating fault seal "graphic analysis". Hippler et al (1994) found that fault activity and diagenesis have a great influence on fault closure, and cementation near a fault plane can cause rapid decrease of sandstone pore permeability near the fault and influence migration of oil and gas to form closure. Labaume et al (2001) suggested that the quartz formed by cementation was the primary cause of the closure of the fractured zone. Wu-kong et al (2011) analyzed 3 diagenetic effects affecting fault seal, including filling, compaction and cementation. The research of the tremulin et al (2010) considers that the fault sealing performance of a carbonate area is different from that of a sandstone area, the fault sealing cause of the carbonate area is related to the pressure dissolution effect and the cementation effect in the diagenesis effect, and the recrystallization effect can also influence the fault sealing performance. Wangzhezhou (2013) suggested that cementation of carbonate minerals is an important cause of fault closure. The Zhanghuan character (2018) considers that the diagenetic cementation sealing causes a displacement pressure difference between a fracture zone and surrounding rocks to form a sealing. The pore-permeability reduction of dense carbonate rock in sedimentary basins is mainly due to diagenetic cementation, the permeability and conductivity of fractured zones of carbonate rock are also the main controlled diagenetic cementation (Bili et al, 2003; Micartelli et al, 2006; Agosta et al, 2007; Rotevatn and Bastesen, 2012; Haines et al, 2016; Panza et al, 2018). Diagenesis of fractured and fractured zones causes space-time complexity of fault closure, and sand-shale butt joint method, mudstone smearing method, section stress analysis method and the like are difficult to apply to the popular quantitative evaluation method of fault closure (such as Kelly et al 1998; Faulkner et al 2003; Agosta et al 2007; Korneva et al 2014; Brogi and N-ovillino 2015). In recent years, tectonic rock formations have been developed (Laubach et al, 2010,2014; Bense et al, 2013; Petrie et al, 2014; Arosi and Wilson,2015), and in-depth studies have been made on rock composition, diagenesis, mechanical properties and permeability changes of fractured and fractured zones of carbonate rocks, and conceptual models of the closure of fractured and fractured zones (such as Agosta et al, 2012; Brogi and Novellino, 2015; Collettini et al, 2014; Faulkner et al, 2003; Fondriest et al, 2012; Korneva et al, 2014; Rotevatn and Bastesen,2014) have been proposed. Research shows that the physical characteristics of the fault can be changed by diagenesis, for example, cementation along the fault can reduce the porosity and permeability of the rock, thereby influencing the fault sealing performance, but the quantitative evaluation of the fracture zone cementation sealing performance is lacked.
In conclusion, the cementing action has an important effect on the sealing performance of the fracture zone of the compact carbonate rock, but an effective evaluation method is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defect that the existing compact carbonate rock fracture and fracture zone cementing sealing lacks an evaluation technology, an evaluation method for compact carbonate rock fracture and fracture zone cementing sealing is provided through underground example dissection. According to the method, the carbonate rock fracture zone with sealing performance is controlled according to rock core and slice sample observation, analysis and identification of diagenetic cementation, the cementation degree of holes and cracks in the rock core and the slice is calculated through statistical analysis, an ideal crack cementation degree change curve is obtained through regression analysis of the cementation degree along with the distance from the fault, and on the basis, the relative sealing degree of the fracture zone is represented by normalization processing through the difference value of the actual measured point crack cementation degree and the cementation degree on the ideal curve, so that the sealing performance of the fracture zone is evaluated.
The invention aims to provide an evaluation method for the cementation sealing of a fractured and fractured zone of compact carbonate rock.
The invention also aims to provide application of the evaluation method for the cementation sealing of the fractured and fractured zones of the compact carbonate rock.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions (see fig. 1 for technical process):
(1) and (4) judging the fractured and crushed zone of the carbonate rock under the control of cementing action. On the basis of underground core and slice observation, the discrimination method mainly comprises the following steps: reservoir is compact. Under the cementing action of long diagenesis, carbonate rocks in many ancient sedimentary basins with large burial depth and high geothermal gradient tend to be compact; and the secondary pores related to the crushing zone are mainly. Almost the primary pores of the carbonate rock disappear, and secondary erosion holes, holes and seams are main pore spaces; controlling the pore distribution of the broken belt by cementing action. Fractured fractures in such carbonate rock often undergo complex multi-stage tectonic reactions, long-term cementation occupies the majority of the fractured fracture zone pores, and controls the effective porosity and permeability distribution of the fractured fracture zone.
(2) The formation of fractured zones is a lithologic action. And observing and describing the tectonic and diagenetic action of the fractured and fractured zone of the compact carbonate rock, wherein the key point is the cementation action of cracks and holes of the fractured and fractured zone. And (5) judging the generation of the cementing material, and analyzing and constructing a rock formation sequence. And (5) observing hole reducing characteristics caused by cementing action, and analyzing the influence of the cementing material on reduction of broken hole permeability.
(3) And (5) measuring and counting the cementation rate. Selecting a rock core and a slice which are developed by a hole gap of a fracture zone, covering a square grid with a front photo of each measurement sample or sample by adopting a grid method, firstly measuring and calculating the grid number Nf occupied by the crack and the grid number Np occupied by the hole, and then respectively measuring and calculating the grid number Nfc and Npc occupied by a cemented object, thereby estimating the cementation rate:
crack cementation rate Cf ═ Nfc/Nf
Pore cementation rate Cp ═ Npc/Np
After each sample is measured, statistical analysis is carried out to calculate the crack cementation rate and the hole cementation rate (figures 2 and 3), so as to quantitatively evaluate the cementation degree of the cracks and the holes. And if the cementation rate of the crack and the hole is consistent, representing the cementation degree of the measuring point of the fracture and breakage zone according to the actual adopted crack cementation rate. In actual work, the variation trend of the cementing rate of the thin sheet and the cementing rate of the rock core along with the distance from the fault nucleus can be different (figures 2 and 3). One reason for this is that the lamellae are usually located at the site where the cracks heal better, resulting in relatively few open cracks. Whereas the crack opening away from the fault is higher in the example. This requires comparative analysis in practice, so that subsequent evaluation of the core or slice consolidation rate is preferred.
After a large amount of measurement statistics of different measuring points or mineshafts, the average value of the fracture rate can be used for representing the average cementation degree of the measuring points or the mineshafts.
(4) And (5) counting the cementation degree. On the basis of a large amount of statistical analysis, the evaluation standards of good, medium and poor cementation degrees are formulated, and the cementation degree evaluation in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction is carried out. The evaluation criteria can be adjusted according to the cementation rate distribution of different areas.
And (4) exposing the head in the field, directly compiling the cementation rate result on a base map of the fractured zone, and evaluating the cementation degree of the fractured zone in the plane and the longitudinal direction by combining related data.
And (3) underground, carrying out a cementing rate distribution chart in the vertical direction of the single well, comparing the change of the cementing rate in the longitudinal direction, and carrying out qualitative evaluation on the cementing degree. And qualitatively evaluating the cementation degree of different blocks on the plane according to the comparison of the cementation rates among wells of the target interval.
And according to the data conditions, carrying out layering evaluation on the cementation degree in the longitudinal direction and zoning evaluation on the plane.
(5) And (4) calculating a cementation rate regression equation. In the fractured and fractured zone of carbonate rock, strong heterogeneity and great change of cementation degree in longitudinal and transverse directions are caused by various geological conditions. However, under normal conditions, the cementation degree has a certain change rule (as shown in fig. 2 and 3), so that the ideal cementation degree with regular change can be obtained on the basis of a large amount of statistical data.
Counting the distance between the sample point and the fault nucleus, compiling a correlation analysis chart (figures 2 and 3) of the cementation rate along with the distance from the fault nucleus, and analyzing the relation between the cementation rate and the distance from the fault nucleus. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, despite the greater dispersion of the data, the overall core-to-sheet consolidation rate tended to decrease with distance from the fault and the consolidation of the core became more consistent away from the fault. Meanwhile, the closer the distance to the fault nucleus is, the more complex the cementation effect is, and the larger the cementation degree change is, which is probably related to the more complex the structure of the fracture zone and the transportation and conduction network thereof. The differences in the decreasing cementation between the core and the sheet in the examples may be related to sampling or different sizes of cementation and are under further study.
Statistics in which the correlation of the cementation rate to the distance from the fault nucleus is better can be used to perform an analysis of the degree of ideal cementation. The analysis of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 shows that the cementation rate of the cracks and the holes has similar distribution along the fracture zone, and the correlation of the cementation rate of the core cracks is best. In addition, the connectivity of holes in the fracture zone of the compact carbonate rock is extremely poor, the permeability of a reservoir is mainly controlled by a fracture network, and the cementation degree of the fracture network can reflect the sealing property of the fracture zone.
On the basis, data with large partial deviation are deleted, and an ideal regression curve and a regression equation of the cementation degree of the core and the sheet cracks and the distance from the fault are compiled, wherein the regression curve represents the cementation degree along the fracture zone under an ideal state.
(6) Evaluation of the blocking property of the broken tape in fracture. Calculating the ideal cementation rate (Cfs) of the position corresponding to the actual measured point crack cementation rate (Cf) through the regression equation, and representing the relative sealing index (Sf) of the fractured and fractured zone by the following formula:
Sf＝(Cf-Cfs)/Cfs
the relative degree of closure of the fractured zone is expressed as an index. As shown in fig. 4, if Sf is positive, the sealing performance is enhanced, and if Sf is negative, the opening degree is enhanced.
According to the actual situation, determining the standard for dividing the relative sealing index (Sf), and specifically evaluating good and poor sealing and good and poor opening layer sections or parts.
Meanwhile, the cementation rate can also be used for evaluating the sealing property, and the sealing property is generally stronger when the cementation rate is larger.
In addition, when the fracture-related parameters of the fractured zone are obtained, the sealing property of the fractured zone can be further evaluated in a fine manner by combining the density, the opening degree, the permeability and the porosity of the fracture.
(7) And (4) checking and correcting the evaluation method, formula and parameters. And (3) checking and correcting parameters and formulas in the oil and gas reservoir sample with higher research degree by combining other methods, thereby perfecting the research method.
(8) Application of the method for evaluating the cementation sealing property of the fracture and breakage zone.
The method overcomes the defect that the cementation sealing is difficult to quantitatively evaluate, realizes the evaluation of the cementation sealing of the fractured and crushed zone of the compact carbonate rock, and provides a new method for the evaluation of the sealing of the fractured and crushed zone.
The invention is suitable for the compact carbonate rock fracture zone with the sealing controlled by cementing action of underground and field outcrop, and can also be applied to the large compact clastic rock fracture zone with the sealing controlled by cementing action.
Drawings
FIG. 1 flow chart for evaluating the cementation sealing performance of a broken zone
FIG. 2 core fracture (a) and hole (b) cementation rate-distance from fault nuclear scatter plot
FIG. 3 scatter plot of fraction crack (a) to hole (b) cementation rate versus distance from fault nucleus
FIG. 4 relative seal index-distance from fault nuclear scatter plot
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated in the following by way of example (see flow sheet in fig. 1) based on observations from tight carbonate fracture zone, but the examples are not intended to limit the invention in any way. The methods and apparatus employed in the present invention are conventional in the art, unless otherwise indicated.
(1) And (4) collecting and analyzing data of the compact carbonate fracture zone, and knowing the basic structure and pore characteristics of the fracture zone.
(2) And (4) judging the fractured and fractured zone of the carbonate rock controlled by cementation. The distinguishing method mainly comprises the following steps: reservoir compaction; the secondary pores related to the crushing zone are mainly formed; thirdly, the cementation is the main factor for reducing the holes of the cracks and the holes. The fracture zone of carbonate rock, preferably controlled by cementation, is determined according to these methods and evaluated.
(3) The fractured zone is constructed into a lithologic description. The main contents comprise: firstly, observing and describing the tectonic and diagenetic action of a fracture and fracture zone of the compact carbonate rock, and mainly performing cementation on cracks and holes of the fracture and fracture zone; dividing the generation of the cementing material, and judging and constructing a rock sequence according to the cutting relation of the crack and the cementing sequence; and thirdly, observing the hole reducing characteristic caused by the cementing action, and analyzing the influence of the cementing material on the reduction of the broken hole seepage.
(4) And (5) measuring and counting the cementation rate. Selecting samples of the fracture zone and the hole gap development and the related slices, adopting a grid method, covering a square grid with a front photo of each measurement sample or sample, firstly measuring and calculating the grid number Nf occupied by the fracture and the grid number Np occupied by the hole, and then respectively measuring and calculating the grid number Nfc and Npc occupied by the cement, thereby estimating
And (3) the cementation degree of the crack: cf is Nfc/Nf
And (3) hole cementation degree: cp ═ Npc/Np
After each sample is measured and calculated, statistical analysis is carried out, and the crack cementation degree and the hole cementation degree are calculated. The measured degrees of the fracture and pore cementation of the rock core are shown in fig. 2 and the measured degrees of the fracture and pore cementation of the sheet are shown in fig. 3.
And after a large amount of measurement and calculation statistics are carried out on different measuring points or mineshafts, the average value of the measurement points or the mineshafts represents the average cementation degree of the measuring points or the mineshafts.
(5) And (4) evaluating the cementation degree. On the basis of a large amount of statistical analysis, the evaluation standards of good, medium and poor cementation degrees are formulated, and the cementation degree evaluation in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction is carried out.
And (4) exposing the head in the field, compiling the cementation rate result on a base map of the fractured and fractured zone, and evaluating the cementation degree of the fractured and fractured zone in the plane and the longitudinal direction by combining related data. Thereby defining well-cemented, medium-cemented, and poor-cemented sections.
And (3) carrying out underground cementing rate distribution mapping in the vertical direction of the single well, comparing the change of the cementing rate in the longitudinal direction, and carrying out interval evaluation on the cementing degree of the single well. And qualitatively evaluating the cementation degree of different blocks on the plane according to the comparison of the cementation rates among wells of the target interval.
And according to the data conditions, carrying out layering evaluation on the cementation degree in the longitudinal direction and zoning evaluation on the plane.
(6) And (4) calculating a regression equation of the cementation rate of the fractured and fractured zone. Counting the distance between the sample point and the fault nucleus, compiling a correlation analysis chart (figures 2 and 3) of the cementation rate along with the distance from the fault nucleus, and analyzing the relation between the cementation rate and the distance from the fault nucleus. Statistics in which the correlation of the cementation rate to the distance from the fault nucleus is better can be used to perform an analysis of the degree of ideal cementation. The analysis of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 shows that the cementation rate of the cracks and the holes has similar distribution along the fracture zone, and the correlation of the cementation rate of the core cracks is best. In addition, the connectivity of holes in the fracture zone of the compact carbonate rock is extremely poor, the permeability of a reservoir is mainly controlled by a fracture network, and the cementation degree of the fracture network can reflect the sealing property of the fracture zone.
On the basis, data with large partial deviation are deleted, and an ideal regression curve and a regression equation of the cementation degree of the core and the sheet cracks and the distance from the fault are compiled, wherein the regression curve represents the cementation degree along the fracture zone under an ideal state.
(7) Evaluation of the blocking property of the broken tape in fracture. Calculating the ideal cementation rate (Cfs) of the position corresponding to the actual measured point crack cementation rate (Cf) through the regression equation, and representing the relative sealing index (Sf) of the fractured and fractured zone by the following formula:
Sf＝(Cf-Cfs)/Cfs
the relative degree of closure of the fractured zone is expressed as an index. As shown in fig. 4, if Sf is positive, the sealing performance is enhanced, and if Sf is negative, the opening degree is enhanced.
According to the actual situation, determining the standard for dividing the relative sealing index (Sf), and specifically evaluating good and poor sealing and good and poor opening layer sections or parts.
Meanwhile, the cementation rate can also be used for evaluating the sealing property, and the sealing property is generally stronger when the cementation rate is larger.
In addition, the closure of the fractured and fractured zones is further evaluated in a fine manner by combining the possibly acquired fracture density, opening, permeability and porosity data.
(8) And (4) checking and correcting the evaluation method, formula and parameters.
(9) Application of the method for evaluating the cementation sealing property of the fracture and breakage zone.
In the specific implementation process of the invention, parameters related to the cementation degree can be increased and deleted according to the actual situation, and technical support is provided for the evaluation research of the cementation sealing of the fractured and fractured zone.
Claims (1)
1. A method for evaluating the gel sealing performance of a fractured and crushed compact carbonate rock zone is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps of carrying out statistics on the cementation degree in the direction perpendicular to the fracture zone, adopting a grid method to measure and count the cementation degree, covering a square grid with a front photo of each measured rock core or slice sample or sample, firstly measuring and calculating the grid number Nf occupied by cracks, and then respectively measuring and calculating the grid number Nfc occupied by cement, thereby estimating
And (3) the cementation degree of the crack: cf is Nfc/Nf
(2) Calculating a regression equation of the cementation degree of the fracture and fracture zone, wherein the regression equation is used for statistically analyzing the relation between the cementation rate and the distance from a fault nucleus, analyzing the relation between the cementation degree and the distance from the fault nucleus, deleting data with large partial deviation, and compiling an ideal regression curve and regression equation of the cementation degree of the rock core and the fracture and the distance from the fault nucleus;
(3) calculating the cementing property index of the fractured and fractured zone, calculating the ideal cementing rate (Cfs) of the position corresponding to the actual measured point fracture cementing rate (Cf) through the regression equation, and representing the relative sealing property index (Sf) of the fractured and fractured zone by a normalization formula:
Sf＝(Cf-Cfs)/Cfs
(4) analyzing the correlation between the relative closure index and the distance from the fault nucleus, establishing a correlation scatter diagram between the relative closure index of the fractured and fractured zone and the distance from the fault nucleus, and evaluating the relative closure of the fractured and fractured zones at different parts according to the difference of the relative closure index; in general, the greater the relative seal index value, the stronger the seal.
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| CN108387930B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-09-20 | 中山大学 | A kind of method of carbonate rock fault belt sealed harmonic drive |
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| 准噶尔盆地夏红北断裂带结构及其封闭差异性评价;吴孔友等;《石油与天然气地质》;20151228;第36卷(第06期);第906-912页 * |
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