CN110617483B - Plasma gasification and melting integrated furnace - Google Patents
Plasma gasification and melting integrated furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN110617483B CN110617483B CN201910957093.XA CN201910957093A CN110617483B CN 110617483 B CN110617483 B CN 110617483B CN 201910957093 A CN201910957093 A CN 201910957093A CN 110617483 B CN110617483 B CN 110617483B
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000009272 plasma gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 23
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/38—Multi-hearth arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/40—Gasification
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
- F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
- F23G2204/201—Plasma
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/00001—Exhaust gas recirculation
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a plasma gasification and melting integrated furnace, which comprises a furnace body, an air pipe, a distributing device and a plasma generator. The furnace body is internally provided with a treatment cavity, and the furnace body sequentially comprises a conversion section, a dry pyrolysis reduction section, an oxidation section, a slag section and a solution section from top to bottom. The treatment cavity extends upwards into the conversion section, the treatment cavity sequentially passes through the dry pyrolysis reduction section, the oxidation section and the slag section downwards and then extends into the solution section, the material distribution device is assembled at the conversion section and distributes materials into the treatment cavity, the part of the treatment cavity, which is positioned in the dry pyrolysis reduction section, is communicated with the air pipe, the plasma generator is assembled at the oxidation section, the solution section is provided with an electrode, an outflow channel which is communicated with the part of the treatment cavity, which is positioned in the solution section, and a flow velocity switch which selectively opens and closes the outflow channel, and the electrode is respectively distributed at the part of the treatment cavity, which is positioned in the solution section, and the outflow channel. The plasma gasification melting integrated furnace can treat various dangerous objects and has good treatment effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of waste treatment, in particular to a plasma gasification melting integrated furnace for dangerous waste treatment.
Background
Harmless treatment of solid wastes, particularly hazardous solid wastes, is a worldwide problem, and the treatment technologies commonly used internationally at present mainly comprise methods such as a solidification landfill method, an incineration method, a high-temperature melting technology and the like. The curing landfill method is the simplest and common method, but the method has serious environmental risks and land occupation problems, and is gradually replaced by other methods. The incineration method is a mainstream treatment method in the field of hazardous waste treatment, and although the method can play a role in reducing the amount to a certain extent, the treated residues such as fly ash and the like are still hazardous waste, and solidification landfill treatment is still needed in the later stage, so that the problems of environmental pollution and land occupation cannot be fundamentally solved.
Although the plasma high temperature melting technology is currently internationally recognized as the most effective and applicable method for treating most hazardous wastes, the effects of light emission and less landfill can be achieved. However, the existing plasma gasification furnace has single type of dangerous waste treatment and poor treatment effect.
Therefore, there is a need for a plasma gasification melting furnace that can treat a wide variety of hazardous waste with good treatment results to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a plasma gasification melting integrated furnace which can treat various dangerous wastes and has good treatment effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the plasma gasification melting integrated furnace comprises a furnace body, an air pipe, a distributing device and a plasma generator. The furnace body is internally provided with a treatment cavity, the furnace body sequentially comprises a conversion section, a dry pyrolysis reduction section, an oxidation section, a slag section and a solution section from top to bottom, the treatment cavity upwards extends into the conversion section, the treatment cavity downwards sequentially penetrates through the dry pyrolysis reduction section, the oxidation section and the slag section and then stretches into the solution section, the distribution device is assembled at the conversion section and distributes materials into the treatment cavity, the treatment cavity is positioned at the position in the dry pyrolysis reduction section and is communicated with the air pipe, the plasma generator is assembled at the oxidation section, the solution section is provided with an electrode, an outflow channel which is positioned at the position in the solution section and a flow switch which selectively opens and closes the outflow channel, and the electrode is respectively arranged at the position of the solution section and the outflow channel.
Preferably, the plasma gasification and melting integrated furnace further comprises a fixed frame and a bottom support frame, wherein the conversion section, the drying pyrolysis reduction section, the oxidation section and the slag section form an integrated structure together to form a furnace body upper part, the solution section forms a furnace body lower part, the furnace body upper part is fixedly connected with the fixed frame, the bottom support frame stretches into the fixed frame, the furnace body lower part is arranged at the bottom support frame, and the furnace body upper part and the furnace body lower part are detachably assembled.
Preferably, the bottom support frame comprises a track which is horizontally arranged and extends into the fixed frame and a lifting driver which is slidably arranged on the track, and the lower part of the furnace body is arranged at the output end of the lifting driver.
Preferably, the lifting driver is a linear motor, a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder.
Preferably, the part of the treatment cavity, which is positioned at the drying pyrolysis reduction section, is in a shape of a truncated cone with a small upper part and a large lower part, and the taper range of the part of the treatment cavity, which is positioned at the drying pyrolysis reduction section, is 81-85 degrees.
Preferably, the drying pyrolysis reduction section is provided with a drying layer temperature sensor, a pyrolysis layer temperature sensor and a reduction layer temperature sensor which are spaced from each other in sequence from top to bottom; the slag section is provided with a slag layer temperature sensor; the solution section is provided with a solution upper layer temperature sensor and a solution lower layer temperature sensor.
Preferably, the oxidation section comprises a water cooling jacket and supporting rib plates, the supporting rib plates are arranged at the outer side of the water cooling jacket, and the plasma generators are circumferentially arranged around the water cooling jacket respectively.
Preferably, an oxide layer temperature sensor is arranged on the water cooling jacket.
Preferably, a heating element and a flow channel temperature sensor are installed at the outlet of the outflow channel, and the flow rate switch is adjacent to the heating element.
Preferably, the end part of the conversion section is provided with a flue communicated with the processing cavity, the top of the conversion section is also provided with a level gauge, and the outflow channel comprises a liquid flow hole, an ascending channel and a main channel.
Compared with the prior art, the furnace body sequentially comprises a conversion section, a dry pyrolysis reduction section, an oxidation section, a slag section and a solution section from top to bottom, the treatment cavity upwards extends into the conversion section, the treatment cavity downwards sequentially passes through the dry pyrolysis reduction section, the oxidation section and the slag section and then extends into the solution section, the material distribution device is assembled at the conversion section and distributes materials into the treatment cavity, the part of the treatment cavity, which is positioned in the dry pyrolysis reduction section, is communicated with the air pipe, the plasma generator is assembled at the oxidation section, the solution section is provided with an electrode, an outflow channel communicated with the part of the treatment cavity, which is positioned in the solution section, and a flow velocity switch for selectively opening and closing the outflow channel, and the electrode is respectively arranged at the part of the treatment cavity, which is positioned in the solution section, and the outflow channel; therefore, when the distribution device uniformly distributes the dangerous waste to the position of the treatment cavity in the conversion section, the dangerous waste falls into the solution section after being treated by the conversion section, the dry pyrolysis reduction section, the oxidation section and the slag section in sequence, the temperature of the solution section is up to 1600-1700 ℃ by the electrode of the solution section, and most of the dangerous waste is in a molten state at 1450 ℃, so that the plasma gasification and melting integrated furnace can treat various dangerous waste. The hazardous waste falls into the solution section after being treated by the conversion section, the dry pyrolysis reduction section, the oxidation section and the slag section in sequence and is treated by the solution section at high temperature to become a molten state, so that the treatment effect is good, and intermittent slag discharge is controlled by the cooperation of the outflow channel and the flow rate switch.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a plasma gasification melting furnace according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the integrated furnace for gasifying and melting plasma shown in FIG. 1 in defining each section of the furnace body.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the technical content and constructional features of the present invention in detail, the following description will be made with reference to the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a plasma gasification melting integrated furnace 100 of the present invention includes a furnace body 10, an air duct 20, a distributing device 30, and a plasma generator 40. The furnace body 10 is internally provided with a treatment cavity 50, and the furnace body 10 sequentially comprises a conversion section 11, a dry pyrolysis reduction section 12, an oxidation section 13, a slag section 14 and a solution section 15 from top to bottom; the treatment cavity 50 extends upwards into the conversion section 11, and the treatment cavity 50 sequentially passes through the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12, the oxidation section 13 and the slag section 14 and then extends into the solution section 15, so that the treatment cavity 50 is formed at the conversion section 11, the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12, the oxidation section 13, the slag section 14 and the solution section 15; the distribution device 30 is arranged at the conversion section 11 and is used for arranging materials (such as hazardous waste) into the treatment cavity 50, so that the hazardous waste is uniformly arranged into the treatment cavity 50 at the position 51 of the conversion section 11; and the part 52 of the treatment cavity 50 in the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12 is communicated with the air pipe 20; the plasma generator 40 is installed at the oxidation stage 13, and the solution stage 15 is provided with an electrode 60, an outflow channel 16 communicating with a portion 55 of the treatment chamber 50 located in the solution stage 15, and a flow rate switch 70 selectively opening and closing the outflow channel 16. The electrodes 60 are disposed in the treatment chamber 50 at the location 55 of the solution section 15 and the outflow channel 16, respectively. Specifically, in order to facilitate rapid maintenance, the plasma gasification melting integrated furnace 100 of the present invention further comprises a fixed frame 80 and a bottom supporting frame 90, wherein the conversion section 11, the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12, the oxidation section 13 and the slag section 14 together form an integrated structure to form an upper furnace body 10a, the solution section 15 forms a lower furnace body, the upper furnace body 10a is fixedly connected with the fixed frame 80, and the fixed frame 80 supports and fixes the upper furnace body 10 a; the bottom support frame 90 extends into the fixed frame 80, the lower part of the furnace body is arranged at the bottom support frame 90, and the upper part 10a of the furnace body is detachably assembled with the lower part of the furnace body; preferably, the bottom supporting frame 90 comprises a track 91 horizontally arranged and extending into the fixed frame 80 and a lifting driver 92 slidably arranged on the track 91, the lower part of the furnace body is arranged at the output end of the lifting driver 92, and the lifting driver 92 drives the lower part of the furnace body to move in a way of being engaged with or separated from the upper part 10a of the furnace body; for example, the lifting driver 92 is a hydraulic cylinder, however, the lifting driver 92 may be a linear motor or a cylinder according to practical needs, and is not limited thereto. More specifically, the following are:
as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the portion 52 of the treatment cavity 50 located in the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12 is in a shape of a truncated cone with a smaller top and a larger bottom, and the taper α of the portion 52 of the treatment cavity 50 located in the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12 ranges from 81 degrees to 85 degrees, and the shape thereof is adapted to the expansion of the heated volume of the material (for example, hazardous waste) and the contraction of the cooled volume of the flue gas flow, so that the friction resistance of the hazardous waste in the falling process is reduced, and the formation of a material arch is avoided. The conicity alpha of the treatment cavity 50 at the part 52 of the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12 has a great influence on the reasonable distribution of the flue gas flow and the forward running of dangerous wastes. When the taper α of the treatment chamber 50 at the location 52 of the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12 is small, hazardous waste is advantageously reduced, but marginal flue gas flow is easily developed, which over time can lead to excessive development of marginal flue gas flow and an increase in coke ratio. When the taper alpha is large, the side fume flow is favorable to be restrained, but the furnace burden is unfavorable to be lowered, and the furnace body is favorable to be operated smoothly, so the taper alpha of the part 52 of the treatment cavity 50 positioned in the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12 is designed to be 81-85 degrees.
As shown in fig. 1to 3, the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12 is provided with a dry layer temperature sensor 17a, a pyrolysis layer temperature sensor 17b and a reduction layer temperature sensor 17c which are spaced apart from each other in order from top to bottom for detecting the temperature of the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12; the slag section 14 is provided with a slag layer temperature sensor 17d for detecting the temperature of the slag section 14; the solution section 15 is provided with a solution upper temperature sensor 17e and a solution lower temperature sensor 17f for detecting the temperature of the solution section 15, but not limited thereto. As shown in fig. 3, the left dimension H1 indicates the range of the conversion stage 11, the dimension H2 indicates the range of the dry pyrolysis reduction stage 12, the dimension H3 indicates the range of the oxidation stage 13, the dimension H4 indicates the range of the slag stage 14, and the dimension H5 indicates the range of the solution stage 15.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the oxidation section 13 includes a water-cooling jacket 131 and a supporting rib plate 132, and the supporting rib plate 132 is installed at the outer side of the water-cooling jacket 131 and is used for supporting and fixing the water-cooling jacket 131; the plasma generators 40 are circumferentially arranged around the water cooling jacket 131, preferably 3 plasma generators 40 uniformly surround the water cooling jacket 131, so that the oxidation section 13 generates high-temperature plasma under the action of the plasma generators 40, inorganic matters in dangerous waste materials are thoroughly decomposed, a large amount of heat is provided for slag, and slag blocks are prevented from being hung under the action of the water cooling jacket 131 and the supporting rib plates 132. Specifically, the water jacket 131 is provided with an oxide layer temperature sensor 17g for observing the temperature of the reaction, but not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a heating element 17h and a flow-path temperature sensor 17i are installed at the outlet of the outflow path 16, and a flow-rate switch 70 is adjacent to the heating element 17h to prevent the outlet of the outflow path 16 from being blocked by the heating element 17h and the flow-path temperature sensor 17 i. Specifically, the outflow channel 161 includes a flow hole 161, an ascending channel 162 and a main channel 163, so that the solution in the solution section 15 flows to the main channel 163 through the ascending channel 162 only when accumulated to a certain extent, but is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the end of the conversion section 11 is provided with a flue 17j communicating with the processing chamber 50, and a level gauge 17k is further mounted on the top of the conversion section 11 to observe the level of the material in the furnace by means of the level gauge 17 k.
The working principle of the plasma gasification melting integrated furnace of the invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
when material (such as, but not limited to hazardous waste) is evenly arranged from the distribution device 30 into the portion 51 of the treatment chamber 50 at the conversion section 11, the condition of the material level in the furnace is observed by the level gauge 17 k; the hazardous waste falls in dry pyrolysis reduction section 12 through conversion section 11, because dry pyrolysis reduction section 12 adopts right round platform shape, its shape adaptation hazardous waste is heated back volume expansion and flue gas stream cooling back volume shrink, is favorable to reducing the frictional resistance that hazardous waste descends, avoids forming the material arch. Meanwhile, the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12 is provided with a dry layer temperature sensor 17a, a pyrolysis layer temperature sensor 17b and a reduction layer temperature sensor 17c for detecting the temperature of the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12.
While hazardous waste entering the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12 is treated by the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12 with: after the hazardous waste enters the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12, moisture is evolved under the influence of heat. The drying stage is carried out at 100-250 ℃; the pyrolysis reaction starts when the temperature rises above 300 degrees. At 300-800 degrees, the volatile components in the hazardous waste can be released by about 70%, and the high energy density input of the plasma generator 40 accelerates and promotes the decomposition of the organic components. Volatile matters separated out by the pyrolysis reaction mainly comprise hydrocarbon, hydrogen, steam, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, tar and the like.
The pyrolysis reaction equation is: c xHyOz→C(s)+H2+H2O+CO+CO2+CH4 +Tar
The reduction process is an anoxic environment, and the combustion products and water vapor in the oxidation section 13 at the lower part react with carbon in the reduction layer to generate H 2, CO and the like.
The main reactions are as follows: CO+C.fwdarw.CO; h 2O+C→H2 +CO
After the three drying pyrolysis reduction stages, the remaining fixed carbon chemically reacts with the air introduced from the air duct 20 to release a great amount of heat to support the drying, pyrolysis and subsequent reduction of the hazardous waste. The main reactions are as follows: C+O 2→CO2
The waste treated by the drying pyrolysis reduction section 12 enters the oxidation section 13, and the reaction temperature of the oxidation section 13 is 900-1200 ℃, so that the temperature is too high, part of the waste reaches the ash melting point, 3 plasma generators 40 are uniformly arranged on the oxidation section 13, high-temperature plasmas are generated under the action of the plasma generators 40, inorganic matters in dangerous waste materials are thoroughly decomposed, a large amount of heat is provided for slag, and meanwhile, the oxidation section 13 comprises a water cooling jacket 131 and a supporting rib plate 132 structure, so that slag blocks are prevented from being hung on walls.
After passing through the oxidation section 13, the waste will become ash, fall into the slag section 14, and the slag layer temperature is detected by the slag layer temperature sensor 17d of the slag section 14.
The waste after passing through the slag section 14 finally falls into a solution section 15, the solution section 15 is provided with a solution layer upper temperature sensor 17e and a solution layer upper temperature sensor 17f, and the temperature condition of the solution section 15 is observed; and the joint (or joint) between the upper furnace body part 10a and the lower furnace body part is automatically sealed due to the fact that molten slag is cooled, so that the tightness of the joint between the upper furnace body part 10a and the lower furnace body part is ensured.
In addition, since the solution section 15 is provided with the electrode 60, ash falling into the solution section 15 provides melting temperature, and forms solution after melting, the solution enters the liquid flow hole 161 and passes through the ascending channel 162 to the main channel 163, and intermittent slag discharge is controlled by the flow switch 70 so as to control the slag forming speed to be matched with the melting speed; by means of the flow-path temperature sensor 17i and the heating element 17h, the outlet of the outflow path 16 is prevented from being blocked. Because the lower part of the furnace body is supported by the bottom supporting frame 90, and the bottom supporting frame 90 comprises a rail 91 and a lifting driver 92, the maintenance of the lower part of the furnace body is convenient.
The furnace keeps micro negative pressure to ensure that harmful gas is not discharged, and the flue gas enters the conversion section 11 after passing through the drying pyrolysis oxidation section 12 and then passes through the flue 17j on the left side and the right side.
Compared with the prior art, the furnace body 10 sequentially comprises the conversion section 11, the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12, the oxidation section 13, the slag section 14 and the solution section 15 from top to bottom, the treatment cavity 50 extends upwards into the conversion section 11, the treatment cavity 50 sequentially passes through the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12, the oxidation section 13 and the slag section 14 downwards and then extends into the solution section 15, the distribution device 30 is assembled at the conversion section 11 and distributes materials into the treatment cavity 50, the part 52 of the treatment cavity 50 positioned in the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12 is communicated with the air pipe 20, the plasma generator 40 is assembled at the oxidation section 13, the solution section 15 is provided with the electrode 60, the outflow channel 16 communicated with the part 55 of the treatment cavity 50 positioned in the solution section 15 and the flow rate switch 70 for selectively opening and closing the outflow channel 16, and the electrode 60 is respectively arranged at the part 55 of the treatment cavity 50 positioned in the solution section 15 and the outflow channel 16; therefore, when the distribution device 30 uniformly distributes the hazardous waste to the portion 51 of the treatment cavity 50 in the conversion section 11, the hazardous waste is dropped into the solution section 15 after being treated by the conversion section 11, the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12, the oxidation section 13 and the slag section 14 in sequence, and the electrode 60 of the solution section 15 makes the temperature of the solution section 15 reach 1600 to 1700 ℃, and most of the hazardous waste is in a molten state at 1450 ℃, so that the plasma gasification and melting integrated furnace 100 can treat various hazardous waste. The hazardous waste is sequentially processed by the conversion section 11, the dry pyrolysis reduction section 12, the oxidation section 13 and the slag section 14, falls into the solution section 15, is processed at high temperature by the solution section 15 and becomes a molten state, so that the treatment effect is good, and intermittent slag discharge is controlled by the cooperation of the outflow channel 16 and the flow switch 70.
Notably, the upper furnace body 10a comprises a refractory layer and a steel outer shell layer from inside to outside in sequence; the lower part of the furnace body, except the oxidation section 13, comprises a refractory layer and a steel shell layer from inside to outside in sequence, but the furnace is not limited to the refractory layer and the steel shell layer. In addition, the integrated plasma gasification melting furnace 100 of the present invention is suitable for being electrically connected with the existing controller, so as to realize the intelligent control of the integrated plasma gasification melting furnace 100 of the present invention under the action of the controller.
The foregoing disclosure is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a plasma gasification melts integrative stove, includes furnace body, tuber pipe, distributing device and plasma generator, the inside processing chamber that has of furnace body, its characterized in that, the furnace body from top to bottom contains conversion section, dry pyrolysis reduction section, oxidation section, sediment section and solution section in proper order, the processing chamber upwards stretches into in the conversion section, the processing chamber downwards passes in proper order behind dry pyrolysis reduction section, oxidation section and the sediment section stretch into in the solution section, distributing device assemble in conversion section department and arrange the material in the processing chamber, the processing chamber is located the position in dry pyrolysis reduction section is linked together with the tuber pipe, plasma generator assemble in oxidation section department, the solution section is equipped with electrode, with the processing chamber is located the position in the solution section the outflow passageway and the flow switch of selectivity to the outflow passageway switching, the electrode is located the processing chamber is located the position in solution section and outflow passageway department respectively;
The plasma gasification and melting integrated furnace further comprises a fixed frame and a bottom support frame, wherein the conversion section, the drying pyrolysis reduction section, the oxidation section and the slag section form an integrated structure together to form an upper furnace body part, the solution section forms a lower furnace body part, the upper furnace body part is fixedly connected with the fixed frame, the bottom support frame stretches into the fixed frame, the lower furnace body part is arranged at the bottom support frame, and the upper furnace body part and the lower furnace body part are detachably connected; the bottom support frame comprises a track which is horizontally arranged and extends into the fixed frame and a lifting driver which is arranged on the track in a sliding way, and the lower part of the furnace body is arranged at the output end of the lifting driver; the part of the treatment cavity, which is positioned at the dry pyrolysis reduction section, is in a truncated cone shape with a small upper part and a large lower part, and the taper range of the part of the treatment cavity, which is positioned at the dry pyrolysis reduction section, is 81-85 degrees.
2. The integrated plasma gasification and melting furnace according to claim 1, wherein the lifting drive is a linear motor, a hydraulic cylinder, or an air cylinder.
3. The integrated furnace for gasifying and melting plasma according to claim 1, wherein the drying pyrolysis reduction section is provided with a drying layer temperature sensor, a pyrolysis layer temperature sensor and a reduction layer temperature sensor which are spaced from each other in sequence from top to bottom; the slag section is provided with a slag layer temperature sensor; the solution section is provided with a solution upper layer temperature sensor and a solution lower layer temperature sensor.
4. The integrated furnace for plasma gasification and fusion according to claim 1, wherein the oxidation section comprises a water-cooled jacket and supporting rib plates, the supporting rib plates are installed at the outer side of the water-cooled jacket, and the plasma generators are respectively circumferentially arranged around the water-cooled jacket.
5. The integrated furnace for gasifying and melting plasma according to claim 4, wherein the water-cooled jacket is provided with an oxide layer temperature sensor.
6. The integrated plasma gasification and melting furnace according to claim 1, wherein a heating element and a runner temperature sensor are installed at the outlet of the outflow channel, and the flow rate switch is adjacent to the heating element.
7. The integrated furnace for plasma gasification and melting according to claim 1, wherein a flue communicated with the processing cavity is arranged at the end part of the conversion section, a level gauge is further arranged at the top of the conversion section, and the outflow channel comprises a liquid flow hole, a rising channel and a main flow channel.
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| FR3020663B1 (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2016-05-27 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | ARRANGEMENT OF THE OUTLET PIPE OF AN IMMERSION PLASMA TORCH DEDICATED TO THE TREATMENT OF WASTE |
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