CN110616336A - New gold element testing method and new gold roasting and smelting process - Google Patents
New gold element testing method and new gold roasting and smelting process Download PDFInfo
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- CN110616336A CN110616336A CN201810560463.1A CN201810560463A CN110616336A CN 110616336 A CN110616336 A CN 110616336A CN 201810560463 A CN201810560463 A CN 201810560463A CN 110616336 A CN110616336 A CN 110616336A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/02—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering
- G01N25/12—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering of critical point; of other phase change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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Abstract
A method for testing gold before wet decomposing gold ore sample includes such steps as testing gold ore concentrate, storing in stock ground, proportioning, calcining, and exposing the gold from gold ore concentrate before wet extracting.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the present invention belongs to the field of mineral analysis and gold smelting technology, and is an improvement on gold and silver ore analysis method.
Background art:
1. the most common gold element assay process in gold production and operation is to prepare a sample, decompose the sample by a wet method (such as acid decomposition), separate and enrich the gold element decomposed by the sample (such as activated carbon adsorption method), further process the enriched gold, and finally determine the gold by a hydroquinone method, an iodometry method or other methods. Some samples before wet decomposition need to be roasted: … … samples are weighed and placed in a porcelain boat, and the temperature is raised to 650 ℃ from low temperature for 2h (silicate, carbonate and oxide samples can be roasted without roasting) to remove sulfur and organic matters … … "(page 620 of the fourth edition of geological Press rock mineral analysis); "… … samples were weighed, placed in a porcelain boat, and baked in a high temperature furnace from room temperature to 600 ℃ for 2h to remove sulfur and carbon". (fourth edition, third minute book, page 622). There is no precise data on how high a sample requires firing before decomposition, which is not currently specified.
2. At present, the most promising gold smelting production process is 'gold concentrate roasting, roasting smoke gas acid making, roasting slag separation and enrichment smelting gold' because it is a reverse of roasting treatment and wet decomposition assay process, and because the roasting forms SO from sulfur in the gold concentrate and arsenic, carbon elements and the like which have the greatest influence on cyanidation2、As2O3The copper and other elements in the roasting slag are oxidized and can be separated and recovered before cyaniding of gold, the cyaniding and separation of gold are easier, the sodium cyanide consumption is lower, and the valuable elements such as gold, silver, copper, sulfur, arsenic and the like in the ore can be recovered, so that the gold roasting smelting plant is more environment-friendly and more beneficial than a direct cyaniding smelting plant. However, almost all roasting furnaces of roasting cyanidation smelting plants have wide roasting temperature control, the recording temperature is from 550 ℃ down to 800 ℃, even higher and lower temperature records also appear, and the difference of the height is large; mixing gold concentrates with different temperature attributes together, and roasting the mixture in a furnace, wherein the roasting temperature of the gold concentrates after the gold concentrates are put in the furnace fluctuates; there is no subjectively accurate and precise instruction for the operating temperature of the large furnace. This will have a serious impact on gold recovery, wasting resources and reducing benefits.
The invention content is as follows:
1. the purpose of the firing is to fully maximize the exposure of the gold.
The gold test and the gold smelting process both need roasting, the roasting aims not only to remove sulfur and carbon, and the like, but also aims to expose the gold in a sample to the maximum extent, and the complete exposure of the gold is an important guarantee for ensuring the accuracy of the gold element test and the smelting recovery rate.
2. Different gold ores have respective precise and specific roasting temperature-critical temperature (or inflection point temperature)
Different producing areas of the ore, different producing batches, high and low contents of gold and other valuable elements in the oreMeanwhile, the temperature attributes of gold ore samples in different batches are different due to the factors that the components of surrounding rocks in the ores are different, the gold content is the same, the occurrence state of the particle size of gold is different, and the like. Different gold ores can be roasted to the maximum extent only at the respective specific roasting temperature. For example, the simplest quartz vein ore containing large-particle gold is enough to achieve complete exposure of gold when a ground sample reaches 200 meshes, so that the separation of gold can be complete, a roasting link can be omitted in an assay process, the temperature attribute of the quartz vein ore needs to be considered in the roasting smelting process of the quartz vein ore, the temperature attribute of the quartz vein ore is mainly determined by surrounding rock components including gold, the cracked cracks of the surrounding rock can be maximized only when a certain temperature (critical temperature) is reached, gold can be fully exposed, the specific surface area of the gold ore sample reaches the maximum, and the specific surface area is reduced along with the increase of the temperature, so that the roasting temperature is also called as the inflection point temperature. Gold ores with complex compositions, such as gold ores containing arsenic carbon sulfide, in which arsenic and carbon have a serious influence on the separation and enrichment of gold, are indispensable for assay and smelting. The gold in the gold ore containing arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite is fine gold in the form of lattice, and is difficult to be completely exposed by grinding, and only by roasting at critical temperature and in oxidizing atmosphere, arsenic, sulfur and the like in the gold ore are thoroughly decomposed to form As2O3、SO2When the gas escapes to form a channel to fully expose the gold, the specific surface area (m) of the gold ore2/g) reaches a maximum. The gold ore can be roasted at a specific critical temperature, the test result is accurate, the smelting recovery rate can reach the maximum, and therefore the critical temperature of the gold ore is determined before the test and before the gold ore enters a furnace.
3. The method for determining the critical temperature comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: taking enough representative gold ores to prepare samples, weighing a plurality of samples and respectively placing the samples in porcelain boats, wherein the sample is marked as Y1、Y2、Y3……Yn-1、Yn、Yn+1……
Step two: setting a temperature gradient from low to high (such as 500 ℃, 500+10 ℃ and 500+20 ℃ … …), and respectively roasting the samples for 2h at different temperatures.
Step three: separating and enriching the roasted samples, and measuring by iodometry or hydroquinone method, wherein the results are marked as P1、P2、P3……Pn-1、Pn、Pn+1……
Step four: analyzing and comparing the test results to determine the critical temperature and absolute content of the ore.
Comparing the results of the measurements to find P1＜P2＜P3……＜Pn-1、＜Pn、＞Pn+1＞Pn+2… …, the same gold ore sample is roasted from low temperature to high temperature at different temperatures, and the grade is measured by increasing P1＜P2＜P3… …, the nth sample reached the highest value PnThe test grade begins to decrease when the temperature rises again, and the test grade drops sharply when the temperature rises continuously, so that the roasting temperature of the nth sample is determined as the critical temperature or the inflection point temperature of the batch of ores (the grade of the ores measured after the ores are roasted at the critical temperature is the highest, and the absolute content and the reverse relative content of the ores are the highest).
If the specific surface area (S) of the calcined sample at different temperatures is measured, the result is found to be in positive correlation with the grade. Namely: s1＜S2＜S3＜……Sn-1＜Sn＞Sn+1Is greater than … …. The measurement time of the specific surface area is short, so that the method has great significance for the operation monitoring of a large furnace in production.
4. The inflection point temperature (critical temperature) of the ore is determined by the fact that after roasting at different temperatures, the inflection point temperature is determined by the existing testing method, and then the inflection point temperature is determined by comparing and analyzing the measured results. The ore is tested only after being roasted at a specific inflection point temperature, and the measured value is the highest and reflects the real content (absolute content) and the real grade of the ore. On the contrary, the result determined after the ore is roasted at 600 ℃ or 600-650 ℃ is hardly real, only relative content, relative grade and relative result can be obtained, the recovery rate converted from the relative test result in the current smelting production is unreal 'relative recovery rate', and the report yield is far less than the required yield.
5. The key is used for unlocking a lock, the method of testing the real content of the ore only through the inflection temperature roasting is sought, the testing process of a certain unknown ore is as if the locksmith unlocks a closed lock matched key, the key is the inflection temperature (critical temperature) of the ore, the inflection temperature is found, the real content of the ore is sought, and the testing method is called as the inflection temperature roasting testing method.
6. The inflection point temperature roasting test method has important significance for gold test and gold smelting production. For example, silver-containing gold concentrate (simultaneously containing arsenic, carbon and the like) produced by a certain gold ore dressing plant is subjected to fine distribution of gold, roasting is carried out at 600 ℃, the detected result is 63g/t, the detected grade is sequentially increased along with the increase of the temperature, the highest 78g/t is reached when the temperature is increased to 720 ℃, and the detected grade is reduced when the temperature is continuously increased. It can be seen that the effect of sample firing on the assay results is significant, and the firing temperature must be its own inflection temperature (720 ℃) rather than 600 degrees or anywhere between 600 and 650 degrees. And like a certain gold roasting smelting plant in 08 years, because of the influence of factors such as the price of sulfuric acid and the like, high-sulfur concentrate is added into gold concentrate, a large furnace runs at 800-900 ℃ for a long time, even exceeds 900 ℃ for several shifts, and the roasting temperature exceeds the inflection point temperature of the gold concentrate, so that gold is rewrapped, the recovery of gold is seriously influenced, and the loss is huge.
7. The tailing slag in the tailing dam is sampled, and the sample is certainly a mixture of a plurality of ores with different properties after roasting and leaching and also has the inflection point temperature of the sample (although the inflection point temperature does not represent the inflection point temperature of each of the gold ores with different properties before roasting). The tailings sample is directly tested and detected without roasting, and the result represents the gold report data of the tailings slag, because the tailings of the current gold roasting smelting enterprises are not roasted. And the tailings sample is tested after being roasted at the inflection point temperature, the result is real data compared with the direct test, the result is larger than or far larger than the report data (relative data) of the direct test, the result is usually higher than 1-2g/t and is also frequently detected at the position higher than 2-4g/t, and how serious the gold resource loss is.
8. The gold is fully exposed to improve the leaching rate of the gold, the roasting slag has the largest specific surface area only when the gold concentrate is roasted at the inflection point temperature, and the gold can be fully exposed, which cannot be achieved by regrinding and is the key for improving the gold recovery rate. The method adopts inflection point temperature roasting to perfect the gold assay method, and popularizes the active temperature control (inflection point temperature) roasting technology of the roasting furnace for gold roasting smelting, thereby having great significance for fully utilizing resources and improving the economic benefit and social benefit of enterprises.
9. Because the ore has the inflection point temperature attribute, the gold production enterprise is determined to be in compliance with the attribute in the test and the production, and the scientific management of gold concentrate of a gold roasting and smelting plant in various process links such as purchase, storage, batching, roasting and the like is enhanced, and the method comprises the following aspects:
(1) the inflection point temperature of each batch of gold concentrate fed into the plant must be determined and marked, and the data result of roasting assay according to the inflection point temperature is used as a raw material report and the basis for participating in metal balance.
(2) The gold ore storage in the stock ground must be classified and stored according to different inflection point temperatures of the ores. The ores with different inflection point temperatures are mixed and discharged respectively.
(3) The gold ore batching before entering the furnace must follow the principle that the material matching with the same inflection point temperature is the first element.
(4) And (3) scheduling directive active temperature control roasting, namely, the operating temperature of the large furnace must be the same as the inflection point temperature of the ore in the furnace.
(5) The materials of different batches enter the large furnace and keep the principle that the inflection point temperature is similar.
(5) The specific surface area was tested as one of the methods for monitoring the operation of the furnace.
10. At present, millions of tons of gold concentrate are required to be roasted and smelted in gold roasting smelting plants all over China every year, ten tons to tens of tons of gold which is not lost are lost to a tailing dam every year, turning point temperature roasting is adopted, a gold assay method is perfected, and an active temperature control roasting technology of a roasting furnace for gold roasting smelting is popularized, so that the method has great significance for fully utilizing resources and improving economic benefits and social benefits of enterprises.
Claims (5)
1. The new gold element test method is an inflection point temperature roasting test method (or a critical temperature roasting test method), the inflection point temperature test method requires that a gold ore sample is roasted before wet decomposition, the roasting temperature adopts the unique inflection point temperature of the sample, and the result detected by roasting the gold ore at the inflection point temperature is the highest and represents the real (absolute) content of the ore.
2. The key point of improving economic benefit of gold roasting smelting enterprise is that according to the attribute of gold ore with inflection point temperature, the roasting furnace adopts active temperature control (inflection point temperature) roasting technique, i.e. scientific management of various technological links of gold concentrate from purchase, storage, batching and roasting, etc. said method includes (1) every batch of gold concentrate must determine its inflection point temperature and mark, and uses the data result of roasting test according to inflection point temperature as raw material report form and basis for participating in metal balance, (2) the gold ore storage in stock yard must be mixed according to ore marks with different ore inflection point temperatures, (3) the gold ore batching before entering furnace must be matched according to the principle of material with same inflection point temperature as first element, (4) the instruction active temperature control roasting is dispatched, i.e. the operation temperature of large furnace must be identical with the inflection point temperature of ore in furnace, (5) the materials of different batches successively enter large furnace and maintain the principle of similar inflection point temperatures, (5) the specific surface area was tested as one of the methods for monitoring the operation of the furnace.
3. The inflection temperature of claim 1 and claim 2 is defined as: the gold ore has unique inflection point temperature, the different inflection point temperatures of the gold ores with different components, the specific surface area of the gold ore reaches the maximum value after the gold ore is roasted at the inflection point temperature, the gold is completely exposed, the gold wet separation detection of the gold is more accurate, and the roasting smelting recovery rate of the gold ore is higher.
4. The inflection temperature baking of claim 1 and claim 2 has two meanings: firstly, the purpose of roasting is to expose gold, and secondly, the gold roasting at the inflection point temperature is completely exposed (the nano-grade gold is also exposed), which is difficult to achieve by mechanical ore grinding.
5. The inflection point temperature (critical temperature) determination method of claim 1:
the method comprises the following steps: taking enough representative gold ores to prepare samples, weighing a plurality of samples and respectively placing the samples in porcelain boats, wherein the sample is marked as Y1、Y2、Y3……Yn-1、Yn、Yn+1……
Step two: setting a temperature gradient from low to high (such as 500 ℃, 500+10 ℃ and 500+20 ℃ … …), and respectively roasting the samples for 2h at different temperatures.
Step three: separating and enriching the roasted samples, and measuring by iodometry or hydroquinone method, wherein the results are marked as P1、P2、P3……Pn-1、Pn、Pn+1……
Step four: analyzing and comparing the test results to determine the critical temperature and absolute content of the ore.
Comparing the results of the measurements to find P1＜P2＜P3……＜Pn-1、＜Pn、＞Pn+1＞Pn+2… …, the same gold ore sample is roasted from low temperature to high temperature at different temperatures, and the grade is measured by increasing P1＜P2＜P3… …, the nth sample reached the highest value PnThe test grade begins to decrease when the temperature rises again, and the test grade drops sharply when the temperature continues to rise, so that the roasting temperature of the nth sample is determined as the critical temperature or the inflection point temperature of the batch of ores.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114577977A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-06-03 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第六地质大队(山东省第六地质矿产勘查院) | Analysis method of gold ore containing graphite and sample roasting effect analysis equipment thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114577977A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-06-03 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第六地质大队(山东省第六地质矿产勘查院) | Analysis method of gold ore containing graphite and sample roasting effect analysis equipment thereof |
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