CN110615866A - 一种可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合体系及其在制备嵌段环化共聚物中的应用 - Google Patents

一种可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合体系及其在制备嵌段环化共聚物中的应用 Download PDF

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CN110615866A
CN110615866A CN201910959048.8A CN201910959048A CN110615866A CN 110615866 A CN110615866 A CN 110615866A CN 201910959048 A CN201910959048 A CN 201910959048A CN 110615866 A CN110615866 A CN 110615866A
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来国桥
胡自强
李文清
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Hangzhou Normal University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种可逆加成‑断裂链转移聚合体系及其在制备嵌段环化共聚物中的应用,由聚合介质、双官能团单体、单官能团单体、链转移试剂、引发剂构成的聚合体系本发明通过碳或硅上的偕二甲基效应,设计双官能团呈相互接近构象的单体分子,通过可逆加成‑断裂链转移聚合体系,引发双官能团单体及单官能团环化共聚得到主链上序列具有有序结构的新型嵌段环化共聚物。本发明方法所设计的单体合成简便,克服了因发生交联反应而不能得到目标产物的困难,通过本方法容易合成具有不同大小环的线性环化共聚物。

Description

一种可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合体系及其在制备嵌段环化共 聚物中的应用
技术领域
本申请属于高分子化合物技术领域,具体涉及一种可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)体系及其在制备嵌段环化共聚物中的应用。
背景技术
主链含有大环的线性环化聚合物(Linear cyclopolymer)[Sakai,R.;Satoh,T.;Kakuchi,R.;Kaga,H.;Kakuchi,T.Macromolecules 2004,37,3996]是一类通过双官能团单体由分子内/分子间链增长交替进行而得到的新型聚合物。这种聚合物中的大环可以通过设计而作为金属离子、有机小分子、手性分子(如氨基酸)等识别主体,因而这种聚合物有望作为金属离子分离、手性分离等的固定相分离材料。环化聚合(Cyclopolymerization)是通过单体分子中的两个反应官能团经引发,先进行分子内环化、再分子间反应的这两种链传递反应交替进行的聚合反应,环化聚合是合成线性环化聚合物的一种主要方法。环化聚合的方法有自由基聚合、阴离子聚合、过渡金属催化聚合、基团转移聚合(GTP)、原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)等。由于环化反应热力学稳定性的影响,成功合成的环化聚合物主要是含五元环、六元环的线性环化聚合物[Coluccini,C.;Metrangolo,P.;Parachini,M.;Pasini,D.;Resnati,G.;Righetti,P.J.Polym.Sci.Part A:Polym Chem.2008,46,5202],合成大环线性环化聚合物比较困难。
有效合成大环线性环化聚合物关键在于所设计的双官能团单体分子的反应官能团呈相互接近的构象,这种构象有利于降低分子内环化反应的活化能,提高分子内成环反应活性。利用环己烷环张力和分子内相邻氨基的氢键作用,Endo首次设计了双官能团呈相互接近构象的单体分子,并顺利合成了含十九元大环的线性环化聚合物[Ochiai,B.;Ootani,Y.;Endo,T.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2008,130,10832]。由于单体设计方法的限制,用于合成大环线性环化聚合物的例子则较少。
本发明希望利用偕二甲基(Thorpe-Ingold)效应设计大环环化聚合单体,利用所设计的单体克服单体分子中双官能团活性相对低而导致合成大环环化聚合物困难的难题,通过环化共聚合成新型嵌段环化共聚物。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术存在的不足,本发明利用全新的环化单体设计方法,即通过碳或硅上的偕二甲基效应,设计反应双官能团呈相互接近的构象环化聚合单体,这种设计提高了单体的反应双官能团的反应活性,再利用RAFT技术合成新型嵌段环化共聚物。
为实现上述目的,本发明所采取的技术方案为:
一种可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合体系,由聚合介质、双官能团单体、单官能团单体、链转移试剂、引发剂构成的聚合体系,
所述双官能团单体的结构式如(I)所示:
式(I)中,Y为碳或硅,R1为甲基、苯基或异丙基;R2为甲基、苯基或异丙基;R3为氢原子或甲基,n为2、3或4;
所述单官能团单体的结构式如(II)所示:
式(II)中R4为甲基或乙基,R5为氢原子或甲基。
本发明通过可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合体系,引发双官能团单体及单官能团环化共聚得到主链上序列具有有序结构的新型嵌段环化共聚物。其中可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合体系的通式为S/M1/M2/R/I,式中S表示聚合介质,M1是双官能团单体,M2是单官能团单体,R是链转移试剂,I是引发剂。
作为优选,所述聚合介质为二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲苯中的一种。
作为优选,所述链转移试剂为二硫代苯甲酸氰基异丙酯(CPDB)。
作为优选,所述引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)。
作为优选,所述双官能团单体、单官能团单体、链转移试剂、引发剂的摩尔比为100:100:4:1。
作为优选,聚合体系中双官能团单体或单官能团单体的浓度为0.0375mol/L~0.075mol/L。本发明通过控制聚合介质(溶剂)的添加量来配置M1和M2的浓度,浓度的控制是制备有序结构的嵌段环化共聚物的一个重要因素。
上述可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合体系在制备嵌段环化共聚物中的应用,包括下述步骤:
(1)在氮气保护下,将链转移试剂加入聚合介质中,搅拌溶解;
(2)加入通氮除氧的双官能团单体和单官能团单体,继续通氮除氧气;
(3)在氮气保护下加入引发剂,升温到设定温度,恒温反应;
(4)反应结束后,用甲醇沉淀聚合液得共聚物。
作为优选,聚合体系的反应温度为75~90℃。
作为优选,所述聚合介质为二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲苯中的一种;所述链转移试剂为二硫代苯甲酸氰基异丙酯;所述引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈。
作为优选,所述双官能团单体、单官能团单体、链转移试剂、引发剂的摩尔比为100:100:4:1;聚合体系中双官能团单体或单官能团单体的浓度为0.0375mol/L~0.075mol/L。
发明所设计的聚合单体中的双官能团呈相互接近的构象,该构象提高了分子内环化反应的活性,有利于反应按生成大环线性环化聚合物的方向进行,克服了因发生交联反应而不能得到目标产物的困难。
本发明与现有技术术相比,本发明方法所设计的单体合成简便,通过本方法容易合成具有不同大小环的线性环化共聚物。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例,对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明,这些实施例是对本发明的说明而作,不是对本发明的限制。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。实施例中的物质份数都为摩尔份数。
实施例1
M1单体(式(I)中Y为硅,R1为苯基,R2为苯基;R3为甲基,n为2)和M2单体(通式中R4为甲基,R5为氢)的环化共聚
称取二硫代苯甲酸氰基异丙酯(CPDB)4份,溶解在相应体积量的甲苯中,通氮除氧气。称取100份的M1单体和M2单体,通氮除氧气后,加入甲苯溶液中,继续通氮除氧,加入1份的偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)引发剂,加热到80℃温度下恒温反应。3小时后,用甲醇处理聚合液,得新型嵌段环化共聚物,Mn=3000,PDI=1.27。所得共聚物经水解处理后,核磁分析,δ=0.98ppm,1.14ppm处出现MMA序列的峰,其主链结构为MAM-MAM-MAM序列MAM为重复单元有序结构的嵌段环化共聚物。
实施例2
M1单体(通式中Y为硅,R1为甲基,R2为苯基;R3为甲基,n为3)和M2单体(通式中R4为乙基,R5为氢)的环化共聚
称取二硫代苯甲酸氰基异丙酯(CPDB)4份,溶解在相应体积量的二甲亚砜中,通氮除氧气。称取100份的M1单体和M2单体,通氮除氧气后,加入甲苯溶液中,继续通氮除氧,加入1份的偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)引发剂,加热到80℃温度下恒温反应。4小时后,用甲醇处理聚合液,得新型嵌段环化共聚物,Mn=3200,PDI=1.30。所得共聚物经水解处理后,核磁分析,δ=0.98ppm,1.14ppm处出现MMA序列的峰,其主链结构为MAM-MAM-MAM序列MAM为重复单元有序结构的嵌段环化共聚物。
实施例3
M1单体(通式中Y为硅,R1为异丙基,R2为异丙基;R3为甲基,n为4)和M2单体(通式中R4为甲基,R5为氢)的环化共聚
称取二硫代苯甲酸氰基异丙酯(CPDB)4份,溶解在相应体积量的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,通氮除氧气。称取100份的M1单体和M2单体,通氮除氧气后,加入甲苯溶液中,继续通氮除氧,加入1份的偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)引发剂,加热到80℃温度下恒温反应。4小时后,用甲醇处理聚合液,得新型嵌段环化共聚物,Mn=3500,PDI=1.23。所得共聚物经水解处理后,核磁分析,δ=0.98ppm,1.14ppm处出现MMA序列的峰,其主链结构为MAM-MAM-MAM序列MAM为重复单元有序结构的嵌段环化共聚物。
实施例4
M1单体(通式中Y为碳,R1为异丙基,R2为异丙基;R3为甲基,n为3)和M2单体(通式中R4为甲基,R5为氢)的环化共聚
称取二硫代苯甲酸氰基异丙酯(CPDB)4份,溶解在相应体积量的甲苯中,通氮除氧气。称取100份的M1单体和M2单体,通氮除氧气后,加入甲苯溶液中,继续通氮除氧,加入1份的偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)引发剂,加热到80℃温度下恒温反应。4小时后,用甲醇处理聚合液,得新型嵌段环化共聚物,Mn=3400,PDI=1.20。所得共聚物经水解处理后,核磁分析,δ=0.98ppm,1.14ppm处出现MMA序列的峰,其主链结构为MAM-MAM-MAM序列MAM为重复单元有序结构的嵌段环化共聚物。
实施例5
M1单体(通式中Y为硅,R1为苯基,R2为苯基;R3为氢,n为3)和M2单体(通式中R4为甲基,R5为甲基)的环化共聚
称取二硫代苯甲酸氰基异丙酯(CPDB)4份,溶解在相应体积量的甲苯中,通氮除氧气。称取100份的M1单体和M2单体,通氮除氧气后,加入甲苯溶液中,继续通氮除氧,加入1份的偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)引发剂,加热到80℃温度下恒温反应。4小时后,用甲醇处理聚合液,得新型嵌段环化共聚物,Mn=2800,PDI=1.25。所得共聚物经水解处理后,核磁分析,δ=1.02ppm,1.09ppm,1.14ppm处出现AMA序列的峰,其主链结构为AMA-MAM-AMA序列AMA为重复单元有序结构的嵌段环化共聚物。
实施例6
M1单体(通式中Y为硅,R1为苯基,R2为苯基;R3为氢,n为3)和M2单体(通式中R4为乙基,R5为甲基)的环化共聚
称取二硫代苯甲酸氰基异丙酯(CPDB)4份,溶解在相应体积量的甲苯中,通氮除氧气。称取100份的M1单体和M2单体,通氮除氧气后,加入甲苯溶液中,继续通氮除氧,加入1份的偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)引发剂,加热到80℃温度下恒温反应。4小时后,用甲醇处理聚合液,得新型嵌段环化共聚物,Mn=2900,PDI=1.25。所得共聚物经水解处理后,核磁分析,δ=1.02ppm,1.09ppm,1.14ppm处出现AMA序列的峰,其主链结构为AMA-MAM-AMA序列AMA为重复单元有序结构的嵌段环化共聚物。
实施例7
M1单体(通式中Y为碳,R1为苯基,R2为苯基;R3为氢,n为3)和M2单体(通式中R4为乙基,R5为甲基)的环化共聚
称取二硫代苯甲酸氰基异丙酯(CPDB)4份,溶解在相应体积量的甲苯中,通氮除氧气。称取100份的M1单体和M2单体,通氮除氧气后,加入二甲亚砜溶液中,继续通氮除氧,加入1份的偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)引发剂,加热到80℃温度下恒温反应。5小时后,用甲醇处理聚合液,得新型嵌段环化共聚物,Mn=3100,PDI=1.29。所得共聚物经水解处理后,核磁分析,δ=1.02ppm,1.09ppm,1.14ppm处出现AMA序列的峰,其主链结构为AMA-MAM-AMA序列AMA为重复单元有序结构的嵌段环化共聚物。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本申请构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本申请的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合体系,其特征在于由聚合介质、双官能团单体、单官能团单体、链转移试剂、引发剂构成的聚合体系,
所述双官能团单体的结构式如(I)所示:
式(I)中,Y为碳或硅,R1为甲基、苯基或异丙基;R2为甲基、苯基或异丙基;R3为氢原子或甲基,n为2、3或4;
所述单官能团单体的结构式如(II)所示:
式(II)中R4为甲基或乙基,R5为氢原子或甲基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合体系,其特征在于:所述聚合介质为二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲苯中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合体系,其特征在于:所述链转移试剂为二硫代苯甲酸氰基异丙酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合体系,其特征在于:所述引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合体系,其特征在于:所述双官能团单体、单官能团单体、链转移试剂、引发剂的摩尔比为100:100:4:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合体系,其特征在于:聚合体系中双官能团单体或单官能团单体的浓度为0.0375mol/L~0.075mol/L。
7.一种权利要求1所述可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合体系在制备嵌段环化共聚物中的应用,其特征在于包括下述步骤:
(1)在氮气保护下,将链转移试剂加入聚合介质中,搅拌溶解;
(2)加入通氮除氧的双官能团单体和单官能团单体,继续通氮除氧气;
(3)在氮气保护下加入引发剂,升温到设定温度,恒温反应;
(4)反应结束后,用甲醇沉淀聚合液得共聚物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合体系在制备嵌段环化共聚物中的应用,其特征在于:聚合体系的反应温度为75~90℃。
9.根据权利要求7所述的可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合体系在制备嵌段环化共聚物中的应用,其特征在于:所述聚合介质为二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲苯中的一种;所述链转移试剂为二硫代苯甲酸氰基异丙酯;所述引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈。
10.根据权利要求7所述的可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合体系在制备嵌段环化共聚物中的应用,其特征在于:所述双官能团单体、单官能团单体、链转移试剂、引发剂的摩尔比为100:100:4:1;聚合体系中双官能团单体或单官能团单体的浓度为0.0375mol/L~0.075mol/L。
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