CN110611360A - High-efficiency multi-stage electric energy charging method and device - Google Patents
High-efficiency multi-stage electric energy charging method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110611360A CN110611360A CN201810612938.7A CN201810612938A CN110611360A CN 110611360 A CN110611360 A CN 110611360A CN 201810612938 A CN201810612938 A CN 201810612938A CN 110611360 A CN110611360 A CN 110611360A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency multi-stage electric energy charging method and a device. The selection switch group is connected between the DC-DC power converter and the full-bridge power converter, and connects a DC voltage generated by the DC-DC power converter to the DC side of the full-bridge power converter through the selection switch group, and connects a battery pack voltage to the DC side of the full-bridge power converter through the selection switch group. And controlling the DC-DC power converter to operate only when the voltage of a commercial power is greater than the voltage of the battery pack, so that a part of power is converted only by the selection switch set and the full-bridge type power converter and is not converted by the DC-DC power converter.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a high-performance multi-level (multi-level) electric energy charging device and a method thereof, and more particularly, to a high-performance multi-level electric energy charging device and a method thereof capable of reducing a volume and simplifying an overall structure.
Background
Generally, the power of the storage battery is dc power, but the power distribution system is still mainly ac system, so that when charging the storage battery, it is necessary to perform ac-dc power conversion between the storage battery and the power distribution system by means of a power converter to perform the storage battery charging operation.
The conventional power converter mainly includes a power semiconductor device, a passive device and a heat dissipation device. In recent years, with the progress of semiconductor technology, the performance of power electronic devices and microcontroller chips is greatly improved, and the price thereof is continuously reduced, so the circuit design trend of the power converter gradually turns to the adoption of a simple power electronic architecture and control mode and the adoption of a large number of passive devices and heat dissipation devices, and the adoption of a relatively complex control mode for increasing the number of the configured power electronic devices and reducing the use of the passive devices is gradually changed, so as to improve the efficiency of the power converter, and further reduce the heat dissipation requirement.
Conventionally, the conventional power converter can selectively shift its switching harmonic to a higher frequency by increasing the switching frequency, so as to reduce the passive device capacity. However, increasing the switching frequency has the disadvantage of increasing the switching losses of the power electronics and decreasing the power converter efficiency, thereby increasing its heat dissipation requirements.
In addition, another conventional circuit design employs a conventional multi-stage power converter, so that the voltage per switching of the power electronic switch can be reduced, and the switching harmonic voltage, the switching loss and the passive device capacity can be reduced at the same time.
Conventional multi-stage power converters require a relatively large number of power electronic switches and relatively complex control schemes, and therefore have been used only in relatively high voltage applications in the early days to reduce the voltage stress on the power electronic switches. However, as the performance of power electronic devices and micro-controller chips is greatly improved and the price thereof is continuously decreased, the conventional multi-stage power converter has been gradually applied to low-voltage and small-capacity power conversion.
Generally, conventional multi-stage power converters can be classified into diode clamped (diode clamped) structures, fly-wheel capacitor (flying capacitor) structures and cascade bridge (cascade bridge) structures according to their circuit structures. In recent years, many conventional multi-stage power converters with unidirectional power flow have appeared, but the circuit architecture or control method thereof still has the disadvantage of relatively complicated structure.
For example, fig. 1(a) shows a circuit structure diagram of a conventional diode reed-type five-order power converter. Referring to fig. 1(a), a conventional diode reed-type five-stage power converter 1A mainly includes a capacitor arm and a power electronic switch arm. A plurality of clamp diodes are connected between the capacitance arm and the power electronic switch arm, the capacitance arm comprises four capacitors, and the four capacitors are equivalent capacitors. The voltage of each capacitor must be equal in operation to establish four equivalent DC voltages, and one of the four equivalent DC voltages of the four capacitors is selected to be output by switching the power electronic switch arm, and a fifth-order AC voltage is generated by cooperating with the capacitor arm.
Referring to fig. 1(a), the clamp diode is used to provide a voltage clamp when the power electronic switch of the power electronic switch arm is turned off. However, the voltage stress of each clamp diode is different, and the four capacitors must be controlled to form a voltage sharing, so the conventional diode clamp five-order power converter 1A has the disadvantage of complicated control circuit.
Fig. 1(B) discloses a circuit structure diagram of a conventional flywheel capacitive five-stage power converter. Referring to fig. 1(B), a conventional flywheel capacitive five-stage power converter 1B mainly includes a capacitor arm and a power electronic switch arm. In addition, a plurality of capacitors are connected to the power electronic switch arm. In operation, each capacitor can build up different voltage, and the switching of the power electronic switch arm generates the combination of the capacitor voltage of the capacitor at the output end, and the capacitor arm is matched to generate a fifth-order alternating voltage.
Referring to fig. 1(B), the conventional flywheel capacitive five-stage power converter 1B has a disadvantage of complicated control circuit because the withstand voltage of each capacitor is different and the voltage of the capacitor must be accurately controlled.
Fig. 1(C) shows a circuit structure of a conventional cascaded bridge type five-stage power converter. Referring to fig. 1(C), the conventional tandem bridge type five-stage power converter 1C includes two full-bridge type power converters, and the two full-bridge type power converters are connected in series. Each of the full-bridge power converters is connected to a capacitor, so that the output voltage of each of the full-bridge power converters includes three voltage levels. The output voltage of the conventional cascaded bridge type five-stage power converter 1C is the sum of the output voltages of the two full bridge type power converters.
Referring to fig. 1(C), structurally, since the dc buses of the two full-bridge power converters are not connected to each other, two independent dc voltage sources are required to be supplied to the dc buses of the two full-bridge power converters, and thus the conventional stacked-bridge five-stage power converter 1C has a disadvantage of complicated power supply circuit.
Referring to fig. 1(a), 1(B) and 1(C), the conventional diode reed type five-stage power converter 1A, the conventional flywheel capacitive type five-stage power converter 1B and the conventional stacked bridge type five-stage power converter 1C all use eight power electronic switches, which results in the disadvantages of complicated overall structure, increased volume and increased manufacturing cost.
Referring to fig. 1(a), since the capacity of the single-phase battery energy storage system is not large and the voltage of the battery pack is not high, a bi-directional dc-dc power converter must be added between the battery pack and the conventional diode reed-type five-stage power converter 1A, which has a disadvantage of complicated structure. Referring to fig. 1(B), a bidirectional dc-dc power converter must be added between the battery pack and the conventional flywheel capacitive five-stage power converter 1B, which has a complicated structure.
Referring to fig. 1(C), since the capacity of the single-phase battery energy storage system is not large and the voltage of the battery pack is not high, an isolated bidirectional dc-dc power converter must be added between the battery pack and the conventional stacked bridge five-stage power converter 1C, which also has the disadvantage of complicated structure.
Referring to fig. 1(a), 1(B) and 1(C), the conventional diode reed-type five-stage power converter 1A, the conventional flywheel capacitive five-stage power converter 1B and the conventional stacked bridge type five-stage power converter 1C all have a bidirectional power flow that must be processed by two-stage power converters, which also has the disadvantages of complicated power conversion process and reduced power converter efficiency.
For example, another conventional multi-stage ac-dc power converter, such as the "multi-stage ac/dc power conversion method and apparatus" disclosed in taiwan patent publication No. TW-I524647, which corresponds to the invention patent No. US 9,438,132, discloses a unidirectional isolated multi-stage dc-dc power conversion apparatus and method.
As described above, the conventional multi-stage ac/dc power conversion apparatus of taiwan patent publication No. TW-I524647 and U.S. patent No. US 9,438,132 includes a high frequency power converter and a low frequency power converter. The high frequency power converter includes an AC port and the low frequency power converter includes an AC port and a DC port.
As described above, the conventional multi-stage ac/dc power conversion method of taiwan patent publication No. TW-I524647 and U.S. patent No. US 9,438,132 includes: connecting the AC port of the high frequency power converter and the AC port of the low frequency power converter to form a series connection, and synchronizing the operating frequency of the low frequency power converter with the frequency operation of an AC power source; the high-frequency power converter is operated and controlled by high-frequency pulse width modulation so that the multi-level alternating current/direct current power conversion device generates a multi-level alternating current voltage; by controlling the multi-level AC voltage, the current at an AC input port tends to a sine wave and is in phase with the voltage of the AC power supply, so as to achieve the effect of approaching unit input, and the low-frequency power converter is controlled to output a DC voltage to be supplied to a load through a DC output port.
Obviously, there is still a technical disadvantage in the conventional multi-stage ac/dc power converter structure that the structure or device characteristics thereof need to be improved. Therefore, there is a need to provide or develop a simplified isolated multi-stage ac/dc power converter.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a high performance multi-stage power charging method and apparatus, wherein a dc-dc power converter, a selection switch set and a full-bridge power converter are disposed between a commercial power and a battery pack, the selection switch set is connected between the dc-dc power converter and the full-bridge power converter, and the dc-dc power converter is controlled only when a commercial power voltage is greater than a battery pack voltage, so that a portion of power is converted only by the selection switch set and the full-bridge power converter, and is not converted by the dc-dc power converter, thereby simplifying the overall circuit architecture, reducing the manufacturing cost and reducing the overall size.
In order to achieve the above object, the high-performance multi-stage power charging method according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes:
configuring a DC-DC power converter, a selection switch group and a full-bridge power converter between a commercial power and a battery pack;
connecting the selection switch group between the DC-DC power converter and the full-bridge power converter;
connecting a direct current voltage generated by the direct current-direct current power converter to a direct current bus bar or a direct current side of the full-bridge power converter through the selection switch group;
connecting a battery pack voltage to the DC bus or the DC side of the full-bridge type electric energy converter through the selection switch group; and
and controlling the DC-DC power converter to operate only when the voltage of a commercial power is greater than the voltage of the battery pack, so that a part of power is converted only by the selection switch set and the full-bridge type power converter and is not converted by the DC-DC power converter.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dc negative output terminal of the dc-dc converter is connected to the dc side of the full-bridge power converter.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a capacitor is connected in parallel to the input terminal of the dc-dc power converter.
The dc-dc power converter of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is a unidirectional dc-dc power converter.
The dc-dc power converter of the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a first power switch, a diode, an inductor and a capacitor.
The selection switch set of the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a first power electronic switch and a diode.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first side of the selection switch set is connected to an input terminal of the dc-dc power converter and a battery pack.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a second side of the selection switch set is connected to the dc side of the full-bridge power converter.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the commercial power voltage is less than the battery pack voltage, the battery pack is charged only by the selection switch set and the full-bridge power converter.
The operation of the selection switch set in the preferred embodiment of the present invention is determined by the comparison result of the mains voltage and the battery pack voltage.
To achieve the above object, the high-performance multi-stage power charging device according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises:
the direct current-direct current electric energy converter is provided with an input end, a direct current positive output end and a direct current negative output end, and the input end of the direct current-direct current electric energy converter is connected with a battery pack;
the direct current-direct current electric energy converter comprises a direct current-direct current electric energy converter, a selection switch group and a control circuit, wherein the direct current-direct current electric energy converter is connected with the direct current positive output end of the direct current-direct current electric energy converter; and
the full-bridge type electric energy converter is provided with a direct current side and an alternating current side, the selection switch group is connected between the direct current-direct current electric energy converter and the full-bridge type electric energy converter, a direct current voltage generated by the direct current-direct current electric energy converter is connected to the direct current side of the full-bridge type electric energy converter through the selection switch group, and a battery pack voltage is also connected to the direct current side of the full-bridge type electric energy converter through the selection switch group;
the selective switch group and the full-bridge type electric energy converter form a five-stage electric energy converter, and the direct current-direct current electric energy converter is controlled to operate only when the voltage of a commercial power is greater than the voltage of the battery pack, so that a part of power is converted only through the selective switch group and the full-bridge type electric energy converter, and is not converted through the direct current-direct current electric energy converter.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dc negative output terminal of the dc-dc converter is connected to the dc side of the full-bridge power converter.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a capacitor is connected in parallel to the input terminal of the dc-dc power converter.
The dc-dc power converter of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is a unidirectional dc-dc power converter.
The dc-dc power converter of the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a first power switch, a diode, an inductor and a capacitor.
The selection switch set of the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a first power electronic switch and a diode.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first side of the selection switch set is connected to the input terminal of the dc-dc power converter and a battery pack.
The second side of the selection switch set of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is connected to the dc side of the full-bridge power converter.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the commercial power voltage is less than the battery pack voltage, the battery pack is charged only by the selection switch set and the full-bridge power converter.
The operation of the selection switch set in the preferred embodiment of the present invention is determined by the comparison result of the mains voltage and the battery pack voltage.
Drawings
Fig. 1(a) is a schematic diagram of a conventional diode reed-type five-order power converter.
Fig. 1(B) is a schematic circuit diagram of a conventional flywheel capacitive five-stage power converter.
Fig. 1(C) is a schematic circuit diagram of a conventional cascaded bridge type five-stage power converter.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a high-performance multi-stage power charging device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a high-performance multi-stage power charging method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4(a) is a schematic diagram of the high-performance multi-stage power charging device according to the preferred embodiment of the invention in the first operating mode when the voltage of the utility power is lower than the voltage of the battery pack.
Fig. 4(B) is a schematic diagram of the high-performance multi-stage power charging device according to the preferred embodiment of the invention in the second operation mode when the voltage of the utility power is lower than the voltage of the battery pack.
Fig. 4(C) is a schematic diagram of the high-performance multi-stage power charging device according to the preferred embodiment of the invention in the third operating mode when the voltage of the utility power is lower than the voltage of the battery pack.
Fig. 4(D) is a schematic diagram of the high-performance multi-stage power charging device according to the preferred embodiment of the invention in the fourth operation mode when the voltage of the utility power is lower than the voltage of the battery pack.
Fig. 5(a) is a schematic diagram of the high-performance multi-stage power charging device according to the preferred embodiment of the invention in the fifth operation mode when the voltage of the utility power is greater than the voltage of the battery pack.
Fig. 5(B) is a schematic diagram of the high-performance multi-stage power charging device according to the preferred embodiment of the invention in the sixth operating mode when the voltage of the utility power is greater than the voltage of the battery pack.
Fig. 5(C) is a schematic diagram of the high-performance multi-stage power charging device according to the preferred embodiment of the invention in the seventh operating mode when the voltage of the utility power is greater than the voltage of the battery pack.
Fig. 5(D) is a schematic diagram of the high-performance multi-stage power charging device according to the preferred embodiment of the invention in the eighth operating mode when the voltage of the utility power is greater than the voltage of the battery pack.
Detailed Description
The high-performance multi-stage charging method and apparatus of the preferred embodiment of the invention can be applied to various multi-stage charging apparatuses or multi-stage ac/dc power conversion apparatuses, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the high-efficiency multi-stage electric energy charging method and device of the preferred embodiment of the invention are suitable for various alternating current power supplies, such as: a three-phase three-wire ac power supply or a three-phase four-wire ac power supply.
The high-efficiency multi-stage charging method and apparatus of the preferred embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the state of health (SOH), the state of capacity (SOC), the estimated residual discharge time (residual discharge time), or other battery states of lead-acid batteries, lithium-iron batteries, or batteries with similar characteristics, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a high-performance multi-stage power charging device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 2, a high-performance multi-stage power charging device 2A according to a preferred embodiment of the invention includes a dc-dc power converter 21, a selection switch set 22A and a full-bridge power converter 23.
Referring to fig. 2 again, for example, the dc-dc power converter 21 has an input terminal (low voltage terminal on the left side), a dc positive output terminal (high voltage terminal on the right side) and a dc negative output terminal (high voltage terminal on the right side), and the input terminal of the dc-dc power converter 21 is connected to a battery pack 20 (e.g., a battery pack or other battery pack).
Referring to fig. 2 again, for example, the dc-dc power converter 21 includes a first power switch Sd2A diode, an inductor LdAnd a capacitor CdAnd the first power switch Sd2Diode, inductor LdAnd a capacitor CdAre suitably connected.
Referring to fig. 2 again, for example, the dc-dc power converter 21 is a unidirectional dc-dc power converter or a dc-dc power converter with similar functions. In the charging operation, the dc-dc power converter 21 is operated as a step-down power converter.
Referring to fig. 2 again, for example, the dc-dc power conversion of another preferred embodiment of the present inventionThe input of the device 21 is selectively connected in parallel with at least one capacitor Ch(shown on the left side of fig. 2) or at least one capacitor bank.
Referring to fig. 2 again, for example, the selection switch set 22a includes a first power electronic switch Ss1And a diode, and the first power electronic switch Ss1And diodes are appropriately connected to form the selection switch group 22 a. The operation of the selection switch 22a is determined by comparing a mains voltage with a battery voltage.
Referring to fig. 2 again, for example, the selection switch set 22a has a first side (left side) and a second side (right side). In addition, the first side of the selection switch group 22a is connected to the dc positive output terminal of the dc-dc power converter 21, and the dc negative output terminal of the dc-dc power converter 21 is connected to the dc side of the full-bridge power converter 23.
Referring to fig. 2 again, for example, the full-bridge power converter 23 has a dc side and an ac side, and the selection switch set 22a is connected between the dc-dc power converter 21 and the full-bridge power converter 23, and connects a dc voltage generated by the dc-dc power converter 21 to the dc side of the full-bridge power converter 23 through the selection switch set 22a, and connects the battery voltage to the dc side of the full-bridge power converter 23 through the selection switch set 22 a.
Referring to fig. 2 again, for example, the full-bridge power converter 23 includes a first power electronic switch Sh1A second power electronic switch Sh2A third power electronic switch Sh3A fourth power electronic switch Sh4And a filter inductor Lh, and the first power electronic switch Sh1A second power electronic switch Sh2And a third power electronic switch Sh3And a fourth power electronic switch Sh4And a filter inductor Lh are connected as appropriate.
Referring to fig. 2 again, for example, when the utility voltage is less than the voltage of the battery pack 20, the charging of the battery pack 20 is selected only by the selection switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23.
Referring to fig. 2 again, for example, only when the utility voltage is greater than the voltage of the battery pack 20, the control operation of the dc-dc power converter 21 is selectively allowed, so that a portion of the power is converted only by the selection switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23, and is not converted by the dc-dc power converter 21.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a high-performance multi-stage power charging method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the high-performance multi-stage power charging method according to the preferred embodiment of the invention includes step S1: first, for example, the dc-dc power converter 21, the selection switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter are configured 23 between a commercial power 3 and a battery pack 20.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the high-performance multi-stage power charging method according to the preferred embodiment of the invention includes step S2: then, for example, the selection switch set 22a is connected between the dc-dc power converter 21 and the full-bridge power converter 23.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the high-performance multi-stage power charging method according to the preferred embodiment of the invention includes step S3: then, for example, a dc voltage generated by the dc-dc power converter 21 is connected to a dc bus or a dc side of the full-bridge power converter 23 via the selection switch set 22 a.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the high-performance multi-stage power charging method according to the preferred embodiment of the invention includes step S4: then, for example, a battery voltage is also connected to the dc bus or dc side of the full-bridge power converter 23 via the selection switch set 22 a.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the high-performance multi-stage power charging method according to the preferred embodiment of the invention includes step S5: then, for example, only when a utility voltage is greater than the battery voltage, the dc-dc power converter 21 is controlled so that a portion of power is converted only by the selection switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 without being converted by the dc-dc power converter 21 when the utility voltage is less than the battery voltage.
Fig. 4(a) illustrates a schematic diagram of a high-performance multi-stage power charging device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in a first operating mode when the voltage of the utility power is less than the voltage of the battery pack. Referring to fig. 2 and 4(a), the first power electronic switch S of the selection switch set 22as1Will determine the voltage on the dc bus or dc side of the full bridge power converter 23.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4(a) to 4(D), when the commercial power voltage is lower than the battery pack voltage, the first power electronic switch S of the selection switch set 22a is turned ons1Is constantly on, and the DC bus or DC side of the full-bridge power converter 23 passes through the first power electronic switch S of the selection switch set 22as1Is connected to the battery pack 20 such that the voltage on the dc bus or dc side of the full bridge power converter 23 is the voltage of the battery pack 20. At this time, the five-stage power converter composed of the selection switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 includes four operation modes, and the circuit operation thereof is as shown in fig. 4(a) to 4 (D).
Referring to fig. 2 and 4(a), for example, when the utility voltage is less than the battery voltage, the full-bridge power converter 23 has a first operation mode, which switches a first power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h1And a fourth power electronic switch Sh4Conducting and switching on the second power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h2And a third power electronic switch Sh3Off, the circuit operates as shown by the arrow in fig. 4 (a). At this time, the ac voltage of the five-stage power converter composed of the selection switch group 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 is Vbat。
Referring to fig. 2 and 4(a), the first operation mode is used to select the battery pack 20 to be directly powered by the five-stage power converter composed of the select switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23, or select the five-stage power converter composed of the select switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 to directly charge the battery pack 20, so that the electric energy is processed by only one stage of power converter, thereby simplifying the overall circuit architecture, reducing the manufacturing cost and reducing the overall volume.
Fig. 4(B) illustrates a second operation mode of the high-performance multi-stage power charging device according to the preferred embodiment of the invention when the voltage of the utility power is lower than the voltage of the battery pack. Referring to fig. 2 and 4(B), for example, when the utility voltage is less than the battery voltage, the full-bridge power converter 23 has a second operation mode, which switches the third power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h3And a fourth power electronic switch Sh4Conducting and switching on the first power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h1And a second power electronic switch Sh2Off, the circuit operates as shown by the arrow in fig. 4 (B). At this time, the ac voltage of the fifth-order power converter composed of the selection switch group 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 is 0.
Fig. 4(C) is a schematic diagram of the high-performance multi-stage power charging device according to the preferred embodiment of the invention in the third operating mode when the voltage of the utility power is lower than the voltage of the battery pack. Referring to fig. 2 and 4(C), for example, when the utility voltage is less than the battery voltage, the full-bridge power converter 23 has a third operation mode, which switches the second power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h2And a third power electronic switch Sh3Conducting and switching on the first power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h1And a fourth power electronic switch Sh4Off, the circuit operates as shown by the arrow in fig. 4 (C).
Referring to fig. 2 and 4(C), at this time, the ac voltage of the five-stage power converter composed of the selection switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 is-Vbat. The battery pack 20 is directly charged by the fifth-order power converter composed of the selection switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 according to the third operation mode, so that the electric energy is only processed by the single-stage power converter, thereby simplifying the overall circuit structure, reducing the manufacturing cost and reducing the overall volume.
Fig. 4(D) illustrates a fourth operation mode of the high-performance multi-stage power charging device according to the preferred embodiment of the invention when the voltage of the utility power is lower than the voltage of the battery pack. Referring to fig. 2 and 4(D), for example, when the utility voltage is less than the battery voltage, the full-bridge power converter 23 has a fourth operation mode, which switches the first power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h1And a second power electronic switch Sh2Conducting and switching on the third power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h3And a fourth power electronic switch Sh4Off, the circuit operates as shown by the arrow in fig. 4 (D). At this time, the ac voltage of the fifth-order power converter composed of the selection switch group 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 is 0.
Fig. 5(a) illustrates a fifth operation mode of the high-performance multi-stage power charging device according to the preferred embodiment of the invention when the voltage of the utility power is higher than the voltage of the battery pack. Referring to fig. 2 and 5(a), for example, when the utility voltage is greater than the battery voltage, the first power electronic switch S of the selection switch set 22a is turned ons1Switching is performed, and the DC bus or DC side of the full-bridge type power converter 23 is passed through the first power electronic switch S of the selection switch set 22a1The dc bus or the dc side of the full-bridge power converter 23 is connected to the high-voltage end of the dc-dc power converter 21 through the diode of the selection switch set 22 a.
Referring to fig. 2 and 5(a) to 5(D), the five-stage power converter composed of the selection switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 also includes another four operation modes, and the circuit operation thereof is as shown in fig. 5(a) to 5 (D).
Referring to fig. 2 and 5(a), for example, when the utility voltage is greater than the battery voltage, the full-bridge power converter 23 has a fifth operation mode in which the diode of the selection switch set 22a and the first power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23 are switched onh1And a fourth power electronic switch Sh4Is turned on and the first power electronic switch S of the selection switch group 22a is turned ons1And a second power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h2And a third power electronic switch Sh3Off, the circuit operates as shown by the arrow in fig. 5 (a).
Referring to fig. 2 and 5(a), for example, the fifth operation mode is used to select the battery pack 20 to be supplied with power through the dc-dc power converter 21 and the five-stage power converter composed of the select switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23, or select the battery pack 20 to be charged through the five-stage power converter composed of the select switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 and the dc-dc power converter 21, so that the power is processed through the two-stage power converter. At this time, the ac voltage of the five-stage power converter composed of the selection switch group 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 is VCa。
Fig. 5(B) illustrates a sixth operation mode of the high-performance multi-stage power charging device according to the preferred embodiment of the invention when the voltage of the utility power is higher than the voltage of the battery pack. Referring to fig. 2 and 5(B), for example, when the utility voltage is greater than the battery voltage, the full-bridge power converter 23 has a sixth operation mode, which switches the first power electronic switch S of the selection switch set 22as1And the first power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h1And a fourth power electronic switch Sh4Conducting and switching on the second power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h2And a third power electronic switch Sh3Off, the circuit operates as shown by the arrow in fig. 5 (B).
Referring to fig. 2 and 5(B), for example, the sixth operation mode is selected to directly charge the battery pack 20 through the five-stage power converter composed of the selection switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23. At this time, the ac voltage of the five-stage power converter composed of the selection switch group 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 is Vbat。
FIG. 5(C) shows that the high-performance multi-stage power charging device of the preferred embodiment of the present invention employs the seventh operation when the voltage of the utility power is greater than the voltage of the battery packSchematic diagram of the mode. Referring to fig. 2 and 5(C), for example, when the utility voltage is greater than the battery voltage, the full-bridge power converter 23 has a seventh operation mode, which switches the second power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h2And a third power electronic switch Sh3Is turned on and the first power electronic switch S of the selection switch group 22a is turned ons1And the first power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h1And a fourth power electronic switch Sh4Off, the circuit operates as shown by the arrow in fig. 5 (C).
Referring to fig. 2 and 5(C), for example, the battery pack 20 is charged by selecting the five-stage power converter composed of the battery pack 20 via the selection switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 and the dc-dc power converter 21, so that the electric energy is processed by the two-stage power converter. At this time, the ac voltage of the five-stage power converter composed of the selection switch group 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 is-VCa。
Fig. 5(D) illustrates a schematic diagram of the high-performance multi-stage power charging device according to the preferred embodiment of the invention in the eighth operating mode when the voltage of the utility power is greater than the voltage of the battery pack. Referring to fig. 2 and 5(D), for example, when the utility voltage is greater than the battery voltage, the full-bridge power converter 23 has an eighth operation mode that switches the first power electronic switch S of the selection switch set 22as1And a second power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h2And a third power electronic switch Sh3Conducting and switching on the first power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h1And a fourth power electronic switch Sh4Off, the circuit operates as shown by the arrow in fig. 5 (D).
Referring to fig. 2 and 5(D), for example, the battery pack 20 is charged directly through the fifth-order power converter composed of the selection switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 by the eighth operation mode selection. At this time, the ac voltage of the five-stage power converter composed of the selection switch group 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 is-Vbat。
Referring to fig. 2, 4(a) to 4(D) and 5(a) to 5(D), the five-stage power converter composed of the selection switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 can generate the alternating-current voltage V with five-stage variationCa、Vbat、0、-Vbat、-VCa. The five-stage power converter composed of the selection switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 must generate an ac voltage V at the ac terminal in order to control the current of the filter inductor Lh of the full-bridge power converter 23Ca、-VCaHigher than the peak voltage of the mains voltage, and an alternating voltage Vbat、-VbatBelow the mains voltage.
Referring to fig. 4(a) to 4(D) and 5(a) to 4(D), the five-stage power converter composed of the selection switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 can be divided into two operation intervals in the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle, respectively. When the absolute value of the mains voltage is smaller than the battery pack voltage, the first working interval is defined, and when the absolute value of the mains voltage is larger than the battery pack voltage, the second working interval is defined. Each operating region includes two operating modes, which respectively generate voltages higher and lower than the mains voltage, so as to control the current rise or fall of the filter inductor Lh of the full-bridge power converter 23.
Referring to fig. 2, 4(a) and 4(B), when the commercial power voltage is in the positive half cycle and the voltage value is smaller than the battery voltage, the five-stage power converter composed of the selection switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 is operated in the first operating region, and the five-stage power converter is switched between the first operating mode and the second operating mode by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to generate two voltage levels 0 and VbatAt this time, the first power electronic switch S of the selection switch set 22a is switched ons1Conducting a full-on state, and switching the first power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h1And a third power electronic switch Sh3Performing pulse width modulation switching.
Referring to fig. 2, 5(a) and 5(B), when the commercial power voltage is in the positive half cycle and the voltage value is greater than the battery pack voltage, the selection switch sets 22a and 5BThe five-stage power converter composed of the full-bridge power converter 23 performs pulse width modulation switching between the fifth operation mode and the sixth operation mode to generate two voltage levels VCaAnd VbatAt this time, the first power electronic switch S of the selection switch set 22a is switched ons1Performing pulse width modulation switching and switching the first power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h1And a fourth power electronic switch Sh4And carrying out full conduction.
Referring to fig. 2, 4(C) and 4(D), when the commercial power voltage is at the negative half cycle and the absolute value of the voltage is smaller than the battery voltage, and the battery is operated in the first operating region, the five-stage power converter composed of the selection switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 will perform pulse width modulation switching between the third operating mode and the fourth operating mode to generate two voltage levels 0 and-VbatAt this time, the first power electronic switch S of the selection switch set 22a is switched ons1Conducting a full-on state, and switching the first power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h1And a third power electronic switch Sh3Performing pulse width modulation switching.
Referring to fig. 2, 5(C) and 5(D), when the commercial power voltage is at the negative half cycle and the absolute value of the voltage is greater than the battery voltage, and the battery is operated in the second working interval, the five-stage power converter composed of the selection switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 will perform pulse width modulation switching between the seventh operating mode and the eighth operating mode to generate two voltage levels-VCaand-VbatAt this time, the first power electronic switch S of the selection switch set 22a is switched ons1Performing pulse width modulation switching and switching the second power electronic switch S of the full-bridge power converter 23h2And a third power electronic switch Sh3And carrying out full conduction.
Referring to fig. 2 again, the first power electronic switch S of the five-stage power converter composed of the selection switch set 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23s1A first power electronic switch Sh1A second power electronic switchSh2And a third power electronic switch Sh3And a fourth power electronic switch Sh4The switching pattern of (2) is shown in table 1.
Table 1: power electronic switch state meter of five-order electric energy converter
Referring to fig. 2 again, when the battery pack 20 is charged, the dc-dc power converter 21 is operated as a buck power converter, and the capacitor C is operateddTo charge the battery pack 20. When the first power switch S of the DC-DC power converter 21d2When conducting, the inductor LdEnergy is stored and the battery pack 20 is charged. When the first power switch S of the DC-DC power converter 21d2At the time of turn-off, the inductor LdEnergy is released to continue charging the battery pack 20. When the inductor L isdTwo voltage levels V when operating in continuous current modeCaAnd VbatThe relation is as follows:
Vbat＝(1-D)VCa (2)
wherein D is a power switch Sd2The duty cycle of (c).
Referring to fig. 2 again, the high-performance multi-stage electric energy charging device of the preferred embodiment of the invention can be used to control the unidirectional real power flow and the virtual power flow. The dc-dc converter 21 can perform unidirectional dc power conversion to generate a stable dc voltage higher than the peak value of the mains voltage, and the five-stage power converter composed of the selector switch group 22a and the full-bridge power converter 23 can generate a five-stage ac voltage and control the unidirectional real power and virtual power flow of the grid connection.
The above description is of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles applied thereto, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any changes and modifications based on the equivalent changes and simple substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. A high-efficiency multi-stage electric energy charging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
configuring a DC-DC power converter, a selection switch group and a full-bridge power converter between a commercial power and a battery pack;
connecting the selection switch group between the DC-DC power converter and the full-bridge power converter;
connecting a direct current voltage generated by the direct current-direct current power converter to a direct current side of the full-bridge power converter through the selection switch group;
connecting a battery pack voltage to the direct current side of the full-bridge type electric energy converter through the selection switch group; and
and controlling the DC-DC power converter to operate only when the voltage of a commercial power is greater than the voltage of the battery pack, so that a part of power is converted only through the selection switch set and the full-bridge type power converter and is not converted through the DC-DC power converter.
2. The high performance multi-stage power charging method of claim 1, wherein: and the direct current negative output end of the direct current-direct current electric energy converter is connected with the direct current side of the full-bridge electric energy converter.
3. The high performance multi-stage power charging method of claim 1, wherein: the input end of the DC-DC electric energy converter is connected with a capacitor in parallel.
4. The high performance multi-stage power charging method of claim 1, wherein: the DC-DC power converter is a unidirectional DC-DC power converter.
5. The high performance multi-stage power charging method of claim 1, wherein: the DC-DC power converter includes a first power switch, a diode, an inductor and a capacitor.
6. The high performance multi-stage power charging method of claim 1, wherein: a first side of the selection switch set is connected to an input end of the dc-dc power converter and a battery pack.
7. The high performance multi-stage power charging method of claim 1, wherein: and a second side of the selection switch group is connected with the direct current side of the full-bridge type electric energy converter.
8. The high performance multi-stage power charging method of claim 1, wherein: the selection switch group comprises a power electronic switch and a diode.
9. The high performance multi-stage power charging method of claim 1, wherein: when the mains voltage is lower than the battery pack voltage, the charging of the battery pack is only converted through the selection switch group and the full-bridge type electric energy converter.
10. The high performance multi-stage power charging method of claim 1, wherein: the action of the selection switch group is determined by the comparison result of the mains voltage and the battery pack voltage.
11. A high-performance multi-stage electric energy charging device is characterized in that: it includes:
the direct current-direct current electric energy converter is provided with an input end, a direct current positive output end and a direct current negative output end, and the input end of the direct current-direct current electric energy converter is connected with a battery pack;
the direct current-direct current electric energy converter comprises a direct current-direct current electric energy converter, a selection switch group and a control circuit, wherein the direct current-direct current electric energy converter is connected with the direct current positive output end of the direct current-direct current electric energy converter; and
the full-bridge type electric energy converter is provided with a direct current side and an alternating current side, the selection switch group is connected between the direct current-direct current electric energy converter and the full-bridge type electric energy converter, a direct current voltage generated by the direct current-direct current electric energy converter is connected to the direct current side of the full-bridge type electric energy converter through the selection switch group, and a battery pack voltage is also connected to the direct current side of the full-bridge type electric energy converter through the selection switch group;
and the DC-DC electric energy converter is controlled to operate only when the voltage of a commercial power is greater than the voltage of the battery pack, so that part of power is converted only through the selection switch group and the full-bridge type electric energy converter and is not converted through the DC-DC electric energy converter.
12. The high performance multi-stage power charging apparatus of claim 11, wherein: and the direct current negative output end of the direct current-direct current electric energy converter is connected with the direct current side of the full-bridge electric energy converter.
13. The high performance multi-stage power charging apparatus of claim 11, wherein: the input end of the DC-DC electric energy converter is connected with a capacitor in parallel.
14. The high performance multi-stage power charging apparatus of claim 11, wherein: the DC-DC power converter is a unidirectional DC-DC power converter.
15. The high performance multi-stage power charging apparatus of claim 11, wherein: the DC-DC power converter includes a first power switch, a diode, an inductor and a capacitor.
16. The high performance multi-stage power charging apparatus of claim 11, wherein: the first side of the selection switch group is connected with the input end of the direct current-direct current electric energy converter and a battery pack.
17. The high performance multi-stage power charging method of claim 11, wherein: and the second side of the selection switch group is connected with the direct current side of the full-bridge type electric energy converter.
18. The high performance multi-stage power charging apparatus of claim 11, wherein: the selection switch group comprises a power electronic switch and a diode.
19. The high performance multi-stage power charging apparatus of claim 11, wherein: when the mains voltage is lower than the battery pack voltage, the charging of the battery pack is only converted through the selection switch group and the full-bridge type electric energy converter.
20. The high performance multi-stage power charging apparatus of claim 11, wherein: the action of the selection switch group is determined by the comparison result of the mains voltage and the battery pack voltage.
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| TW201406026A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2014-02-01 | Cyber Power Systems Inc | DC to DC converter and a voltage converter capable of selecting coupling ratios |
| WO2016079603A1 (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-05-26 | Brusa Elektronik Ag | Dc/dc conversion device |
| CN106684978A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-17 | 宇龙计算机通信科技(深圳)有限公司 | Charging circuit, charging control method of charging circuit, and terminal |
| CN106787775A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-31 | 深圳市崧盛电子股份有限公司 | A kind of bidirectional, dc converter and its control method |
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| TW201406026A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2014-02-01 | Cyber Power Systems Inc | DC to DC converter and a voltage converter capable of selecting coupling ratios |
| WO2016079603A1 (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-05-26 | Brusa Elektronik Ag | Dc/dc conversion device |
| CN106684978A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-17 | 宇龙计算机通信科技(深圳)有限公司 | Charging circuit, charging control method of charging circuit, and terminal |
| CN106787775A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-31 | 深圳市崧盛电子股份有限公司 | A kind of bidirectional, dc converter and its control method |
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Application publication date: 20191224 |