CN110609129A - Method for researching physical, chemical and biological characteristics of forest soil - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for researching physical, chemical and biological characteristics of forest soil, which comprises the following steps: s1. collecting soil samples from in-situ or epitaxial excavated soil profiles; s2, analyzing and determining the physical property, the chemical property and the biological property of the soil sample; s3. the relation between organic carbon in forest soil and soil factor is studied. The research method of the invention obtains accurate data through sample plot actual measurement to analyze the distribution rule and the relation between the distribution rule and the environmental variable, is beneficial to discussing the ecological function of the artificial forest soil of the coastal plateau, and has important significance for the sustainable management of the coastal plateau forest land and the recovery of the forest productivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of research on carbon reserves of forest soil, and particularly relates to a method for researching physical, chemical and biological characteristics of forest soil.
Background
In recent years, the problem of carbon reserves has increasingly become a leading edge and a hot spot in the fields of global changes and research of geoscience. Soil is the core of the terrestrial ecosystem, and the research on carbon cycle and carbon accumulation of soil is one of the hot contents of the carbon cycle of the current terrestrial ecosystem and the research on global change. The reserve of the soil carbon reservoir reflects the carbon fixation capacity of a soil system, the reserve and the spatial distribution of the soil carbon reservoir are determined, the method is a foundation for researching the carbon cycle of a land ecosystem, is an important means for researching the greenhouse gas flux and the carbon cycle balance calculation between soil and atmosphere, and is a foundation for establishing a soil carbon reservoir list, evaluating the historical shortage or surplus of the soil carbon reservoir list and predicting the soil carbon fixation potential. The forest ecosystem plays an important role in carbon cycle as a main body of a terrestrial biosphere, not only maintains a large amount of carbon reservoirs (accounting for more than 86% of the global vegetation carbon reservoirs) by itself, but also maintains a huge soil carbon reservoir (accounting for 73% of the global soil carbon reservoirs) (POET W M and the like), and the change of the carbon reservoirs is considered to be a main cause of atmospheric carbon reservoirs and global climate change and shows a huge carbon sink effect.
The Hainan province is the only province in all tropical zones in China, and tropical forest ecosystems including tropical rain forests, seasonal rain forests and the like become the most key and most core components in the forest ecosystems in China due to abundant species diversity, complex community structures and extremely high productivity. In recent years, researches on carbon balance of forest ecosystems are carried out successively, for example, the study on the existing quantity and water retention characteristics of 3 forest litter in Hainan and the like is carried out by Weiwei and the like, and the researches are carried out to the space-time pattern of biomass and carbon storage of an artificial forest of Hainan eucalyptus such as Yangzhou and the like, the initial exploration of easily-oxidized organic carbon and light group carbon content of the artificial lawn soil of Hainan such as Xiaodong and the like. The determination of different forest type litters and carbon reserves in different areas provides basic data for our province to evaluate the carbon sink/carbon source capacity of the corresponding forest type soil ecosystem. But the research on the carbon reserves of different types of forest soil of coastal plateau of the Hainan island is lacked. By recognizing the organic carbon components of the forest soil and researching the dynamic change of the components and the mutual dynamic change of the components, the space-time dynamics of the organic carbon reservoirs of the forest soils of different types are discussed, and a reference is provided for accurately evaluating the carbon absorption capacity and the absorption potential of the forest soil of the coastal plateau of our province, predicting and maintaining the long-term productivity of the ecological system of the artificial forest, guiding the sustainable management and the reconstruction of the artificial forest and laying a foundation for researching the carbon cycle of the ecological system of the coastal plateau of Hainan province and even the global carbon balance.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: a research method for the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of forest soil is explored, and the method is an important process for evaluating the carbon sequestration capacity of soil with different forest types.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for researching physical, chemical and biological characteristics of forest soil comprises the following steps:
s1. collecting soil samples from in-situ or epitaxial excavated soil profiles;
s2, analyzing and determining the physical property, the chemical property and the biological property of the soil sample;
s3. the relation between organic carbon in forest soil and soil factor is studied.
Further, in step s1, a plurality of forest type excavation soil profiles are selected for the plurality of areas.
Further, in step s2, the profile soil volume weight, the profile soil organic carbon distribution and the soil fertility of different forest types should be analyzed.
Further, in step s3, correlation analysis is performed on the organic carbon content of different types of forest soil and the corresponding soil total nitrogen, soil total phosphorus, soil quick-acting potassium and soil ammonium nitrogen content.
Further, in steps s2 and s3, the plurality of forest types are casuarina equisetifolia, secondary forest, coconut tree, eucalyptus and acacia, respectively.
Further, when the profile soil volume weight analysis is carried out, the soil volume weight of each soil layer depth of each forest type is measured and analyzed, and the change trend of the soil volume weight along with the soil depth is obtained.
Further, when the organic carbon distribution of the profile soil is analyzed, the organic carbon content of each soil layer depth of each forest type is subjected to statistical analysis, and the significance of the statistical difference of the organic carbon content of the soil in each forest type and each soil layer depth is obtained.
Drawings
FIGS. 1(a) - (e) are schematic diagrams of the volume weights of soil of Ephedra sinica, Secondary forest, coconut, Eucalyptus and acacia, respectively, in the coastal plateau of Hainan;
FIGS. 2(a) - (d) are graphs for analyzing the correlation between organic carbon in forest soil and total nitrogen, total phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and ammonium nitrogen in coastal plateau of Hainan coast, respectively.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention, the following embodiments are provided to further illustrate the present invention.
The method for researching the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the forest soil comprises the following steps:
s1., surveying 12 city coast terraces by adopting a route survey method and a field sample survey method, finally selecting representative 4 city coast terraces (Wenchang, Lingao, Ledong and Wanning) of the 12 city coast terraces and establishing sample plots by taking different forest types (mainly 5 forest types such as coconut forest, casuarina equisetifolia, thinking forest, eucalyptus forest, secondary village forest and the like) of the Hainan island coast terraces as survey objects, and marking each sample plot by adopting a cement boundary pillar or a PVC pipe. Collecting a soil sample from the in-situ or epitaxial excavated soil profile of the sample plot;
s2, collecting a soil sample from the soil profile of the built sample plot or the epitaxial excavation, analyzing and measuring the physical properties, chemical properties (organic matters, pH value, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and the like) and biological properties of the forest soil, revealing the current situation and trend of the soil fertility of different forest types of the coastal terrace, providing scientific basis for sustainable operation of the forest and clarifying the relationship between the soil properties and the C storage characteristics;
s21, analyzing the volume weight of the profile soil;
selecting Wenchang, Lingao, Ledong and Wanning 4 coastal terraces in 12 city and countiesTaking 5 forest types such as casuarina equisetifolia, secondary forest, coconut tree, eucalyptus and acacia, and excavating 20 soil sections with the length of 100cm in total. Wherein casuarina equisetifolia excavates 4 soil sections, 4 secondary forests, 4 coconuts, 4 eucalyptuses and 4 acacia. The soil unit weight of different soil layer depths is measured and analyzed, and the result is shown in figure 1. Wherein the volume weight of 0-100cm soil layer of casuarina is 1.34-1.39g/cm3. The surface soil volume weight is the largest, and the surface soil volume weight is approximately reduced along with the increase of the soil depth; the soil layer unit weight of 0-100cm of the secondary forest is 1.48-1.57g/cm3. The volume weight of the soil gradually increases along with the increase of the depth of the soil; the volume weight of 0-100cm soil layer of the coconut forest is 1.39-1.57g/cm3. The surface soil volume weight is minimum, and the volume weight of the soil gradually increases along with the increase of the soil depth; the volume weight of the soil layer of 0-100cm of the eucalyptus forest is 1.36-1.43g/cm3. The volume weight of the soil shows a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing on a section; the volume weight of 0-100cm soil layer of facielin is 1.31-1.37g/cm3. The change trend of the volume weight of the soil on the section is generally consistent with that of eucalyptus forest.
S22, analyzing organic carbon distribution of profile soil
TABLE 1 comparison of forest soil organic carbon content in coastal plateau of Hainan area/(g/kg)
Note: different lower case letters after the same row of data indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
The 5 types of forest soil in Hainan were sampled and analyzed, and the organic carbon content in the soil profile was determined (see Table 1). The organic carbon content of 5 forest soils in Hainan is 1.79-10.6g/kg, and the forest soils belong to the soil with low organic carbon content and have larger variation. The organic carbon content of 5 kinds of forest soil has obvious vertical distribution in the soil profile and is in a decreasing trend along with the increase of the soil depth. The content of organic carbon in the soil of 0-100cm of casuarina is 2.14-6.46 g/kg; the secondary forest is between 3.62 and 10.6 g/kg; the coconut forest is between 1.79 and 6.13 g/kg; the eucalyptus forest is between 3.32 and 8.83 g/kg; phasianoline is between 3.31-7.98 g/kg. Statistical analysis is carried out on the organic carbon content of different soil layers of different forests, and the results show that the organic carbon content of the soil in the soil layers of 0-10cm, 10-20cm and 60-100cm of 5 forests is not remarkably different statistically. The organic carbon content difference in soil layers of 20-40cm of 5 types of forests is obvious (P is less than 0.05), wherein the acacia forest is the highest, the eucalyptus forest, the secondary forest and the casuarina equisetifolia are the second, and the coconut forest is the lowest. The organic carbon content difference in soil layers of 40-60cm of 5 types of forests is obvious (P is less than 0.05), and the organic carbon content difference is also highest in terms of acacia forest, inferior in terms of eucalyptus forest, secondary forest and casuarina, and lowest in terms of coconut forest.
S23. analysis of soil fertility of different forest types
TABLE 2 comparison of forest soil pH in coastal plateau of Hainan province
Note: different lower case letters after the same row of data indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
The pH of the forest soil of the coastal plateau of Hainan is between 5.14 and 6.62 (Table 2). Wherein the soil pH of the casuarina equisetifolia is between 6.10 and 6.55 and is faintly acid soil, and the soil pH is 0 to 100 cm; the pH value of 0-100cm soil of the secondary forest is 5.17-5.56, and the secondary forest belongs to strong acid soil; the pH value of the 0-100cm soil of the coconut forest is 6.42-6.62, and the coconut forest belongs to weakly acidic soil; the pH value of the eucalyptus forest soil of 0-100cm is 5.41-5.93, and the eucalyptus forest belongs to acid soil; the pH value of the 0-100cm soil of the phasiancholia is between 5.14-5.20, and the phasiancholia belongs to strong acid soil; for topsoil (0-10cm), the difference in pH was significant for 5 forest soils (P < 0.05). The pH value of the soil on the surface layers of the coconut forest and the casuarina equisetifolia is obviously higher than that of the soil on the surface layers of other 3 forests.
TABLE 3 comparison of forest soil total nitrogen in coastal plateau of Hainan area/(g/kg)
Note: different lower case letters after the same row of data indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
A comparison of the total nitrogen in forest soil of coastal plateau in Hainan is shown in Table 3. The total nitrogen of 5 forest soils in the coastal plateau of Hainan is between 0.20 and 1.04g/kg, and basically belongs to low-nitrogen fertility soil. The total nitrogen content of 5 kinds of forest soil has obvious vertical distribution in the soil profile, and the total nitrogen content of the forest soil is reduced along with the increase of the soil depth. Wherein the total nitrogen of the casuarina 0-100cm soil is between 0.20-0.54g/kg, and belongs to low-nitrogen fertility soil; the total nitrogen of 0-100cm soil of the secondary forest is 0.42-1.04g/kg, and the nitrogen fertility of other soil layers except a top soil layer (0-10cm) is still not high; the total nitrogen of the 0-100cm soil of the coconut forest is between 0.23 and 0.55g/kg, and the soil nitrogen fertility is low; the total nitrogen of the eucalyptus forest 0-100cm soil is between 0.34-0.68g/kg, and the soil nitrogen fertility is low; the total nitrogen of 0-100cm of phasianchun soil is 0.36-0.76g/kg, and the nitrogen fertility of the soil is not high. The difference between the total nitrogen contents of 5 forest surface soil (0-10cm) is obvious (P is less than 0.05), wherein the total nitrogen of the secondary forest surface soil is obviously higher than that of casuarina equisetifolia and coconut forest.
TABLE 4 comparison of Total phosphorus in Hainan coastal plateau forest soil%
Note: different lower case letters after the same row of data indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
TABLE 5 comparison of Total Potassium content of forest soil from Hainan coastal plateau%
Note: different lower case letters after the same row of data indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
The total phosphorus content of 5 forest soils in coastal terraces of Hainan is between 0.03 and 0.09 percent and basically does not exceed 0.1 percent (Table 4). The statistical analysis result shows that the difference between the total phosphorus contents of the 5 kinds of forest soil is not large. The total potassium content of 5 forest soils in coastal terraces of Hainan is 0.65-1.60%, and mostly between four and five grades (Table 5). Except surface soil (0-10cm) and deep soil (60-100cm), the total potassium content of other soil layers of 5 kinds of forest soil is remarkably different (P is less than 0.05). Basically, secondary forests are the highest, and casuarina equisetifolia is the lowest.
TABLE 6 comparison of available phosphorus in forest soil of coastal plateau in Hainan area/(mg/kg)
Note: different lower case letters after the same row of data indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
The effective phosphorus content of 5 forest soils in coastal terraces of Hainan varies greatly between 2.33-167.76mg/kg (Table 6). The profile of the soil is basically reduced along with the increase of the depth of the soil. Wherein the soil effective phosphorus of the casuarina 0-100cm is between 13.28-86.40mg/kg, and the content of the effective phosphorus is rich; the soil 0-100cm of the secondary forest has available phosphorus of 19.71-29.78mg/kg and rich content of available phosphorus; the content of available phosphorus in 0-100cm soil of the coconut forest is 27.12-167.76mg/kg, and the content of available phosphorus is rich; the effective phosphorus content in the eucalyptus forest soil of 0-100cm is 2.33-4.56mg/kg, and the effective phosphorus content is low; the soil with 0-100cm of phasiandra has effective phosphorus content of 2.58-4.96mg/kg and low effective phosphorus content. The difference between the effective phosphorus contents of the soil with 40-100cm of 5 kinds of forests is small. And the difference of the available phosphorus of the soil with the depth of 0-40cm is obvious (P is less than 0.05), and the difference is basically highest in coconut forest and lowest in eucalyptus forest and acacia forest.
TABLE 7 comparison of fast-acting Potassium in forest soil of coastal plateau of Hainan area/(mg/kg)
Note: different lower case letters after the same row of data indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
The quick-acting potassium content of 5 forest soils in coastal terraces in Hainan province is between 4.85 and 74.49mg/kg, and the variation is large (Table 7). The content change of the soil conditioner also approximately shows a trend of decreasing with the increase of the soil depth in the soil profile. Wherein the fast-acting potassium in the soil with the concentration of 0-100cm of casuarina is 4.85-12.45mg/kg, and the content of the fast-acting potassium is low; the soil quick-acting potassium of 0-100cm of the secondary forest is between 27.66-39.42mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium content is lower; the content of the quick-acting potassium in the 0-100cm soil of the coconut forest is 23.73-74.49mg/kg, and the content of the quick-acting potassium is medium; the fast-acting potassium in the eucalyptus forest 0-100cm soil is 9.06-19.19mg/kg, and the content of the fast-acting potassium is low; the soil quick-acting potassium of 0-100cm of phasianoline is 20.41-42.07mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium content is low. The difference of the quick-acting potassium contents of the soil in different soil layers of 5 forests is obvious (P is less than 0.05), the content of the quick-acting potassium is approximately the highest in coconut forest and secondary forest, and the content of casuarina equisetifolia and eucalyptus forest is the lowest.
TABLE 8 comparison of nitrate Nitrogen in forest soil of coastal plateau in Hainan area/(mg/kg)
Note: different lower case letters after the same row of data indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
The nitrate nitrogen content of 5 forest soils in coastal terraces of Hainan is 0.86-7.97mg/kg (Table 8). The content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil of 0-100cm of casuarina is 0.86-3.00 mg/kg; the content of nitrate nitrogen in 0-100cm soil of the secondary forest is 1.64-4.69 mg/kg; the content of the nitrate nitrogen in the soil of 0-100cm of the coconut forest is 1.00-5.68 mg/kg; the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil of 0-100cm of the eucalyptus forest is 1.18-2.54 mg/kg; the content of nitrate nitrogen in 0-100cm soil of the phasiacolin is 1.70-7.97 mg/kg. Roughly highest in phasianchun, lowest in casuarina and eucalyptol.
TABLE 9 comparison of forest ammonium Nitrogen in coastal plateau of Hainan area/(mg/kg)
Note: different lower case letters after the same row of data indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
The content of the ammonium nitrogen in 5 forest soils of coastal terraces in Hainan province is between 2.43 and 9.89mg/kg (Table 9). The content of the casuarina equisetifolia 0-100cm soil ammonium nitrogen is between 2.43-5.38 mg/kg; the content of ammonium nitrogen in 0-100cm soil of the secondary forest is 5.83-8.54 mg/kg; the content of the coconut forest 0-100cm soil ammonium nitrogen is 3.67-5.27 mg/kg; the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil of 0-100cm of the eucalyptus forest is 5.51-6.24 mg/kg; the content of the ammonium nitrogen in the 0-100cm soil of the phasiacolin is between 5.23 and 9.89 mg/kg. The content of the ammonium nitrogen in the soil on the surface layer (0-10cm) of 5 kinds of forests has no obvious difference. The content of ammonium nitrogen in soil of other soil layers is approximately highest in thinking forest, secondary forest and eucalyptus forest, and the content of casuarina is lowest.
s3. relationship between organic carbon and soil factor in forest of coastal plateau in Hainan
Performing correlation analysis on the organic carbon content of 5 types of forest soil and the corresponding total nitrogen content of the soil (figure 2), and finding that the organic carbon content and the corresponding total nitrogen content of the soil are in extremely obvious positive correlation (r is 0.761, and P is 0.01), which indicates that the forest soil organic carbon and the total nitrogen of the soil of the coastal plateau have good positive correlation; carrying out correlation analysis on the organic carbon content of 5 types of forest soil and the corresponding soil total phosphorus content, and finding that the organic carbon content and the corresponding soil total phosphorus content are in extremely obvious positive correlation (r is 0.360 x, and P is 0.01), which indicates that the forest soil organic carbon of the coastal plateau and the soil total phosphorus have very good positive correlation; carrying out correlation analysis on the organic carbon content of 5 forest soils and the corresponding quick-acting soil potassium content, and finding that the organic carbon content and the corresponding quick-acting soil potassium content are in extremely obvious positive correlation (r is 0.329 x and P is 0.01), thereby indicating that the forest soil organic carbon of the coastal plateau and the quick-acting soil potassium have very good positive correlation; correlation analysis is carried out on the organic carbon content and the corresponding soil ammonium nitrogen content of 5 forest soils, and the organic carbon content and the corresponding soil ammonium nitrogen content are found to be in a very significant positive correlation (r is 0.245 and P is 0.01), which indicates that the forest soil organic carbon and the soil ammonium nitrogen content of the coastal plateau have a very good positive correlation.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for researching physical, chemical and biological characteristics of forest soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1. collecting soil samples from in-situ or epitaxial excavated soil profiles;
s2, analyzing and determining the physical property, the chemical property and the biological property of the soil sample;
s3. the relation between organic carbon in forest soil and soil factor is studied.
2. A method for studying the characteristics of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of forest soil according to claim 1, wherein: in step s1, a plurality of forest type excavation soil profiles are selected in a plurality of areas.
3. A method for studying the characteristics of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of forest soil according to claim 1, wherein: in step s2, the profile soil bulk density, the profile soil organic carbon distribution and the soil fertility of different forest types should be analyzed.
4. A method for studying the characteristics of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of forest soil according to claim 1, wherein: and step s3, performing correlation analysis on the organic carbon content of different types of forest soil and the corresponding soil total nitrogen, soil total phosphorus, soil quick-acting potassium and soil ammonium nitrogen content.
5. A method for studying the characteristics of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of forest soil according to claim 1, wherein: in steps s2 and s3, the plurality of forest types are casuarina equisetifolia, secondary forest, coconut tree, eucalyptus and acacia, respectively.
6. A method for studying the characteristics of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of forest soil according to claim 1, wherein: and when the profile soil volume weight analysis is carried out, the soil volume weight of each soil layer depth of each forest type is determined and analyzed, and the change trend of the soil volume weight along with the soil depth is obtained.
7. A method for studying the characteristics of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of forest soil according to claim 1, wherein: and when the organic carbon distribution of the profile soil is analyzed, the organic carbon content of each forest type in each soil layer depth is subjected to statistical analysis, and the significance of the statistical difference of the organic carbon content of each forest type in each soil layer depth is obtained.
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