CN110608761A - An optical fiber interference device and method capable of eliminating associated amplitude modulation - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种能够对伴生调幅进行消除的光纤干涉装置及方法，包括光纤干涉仪，光纤干涉仪包括激光器和第一耦合器，激光器能够向第一耦合器传输信号，第一耦合器与探头部连接，其特征在于，探头部的输出端和第一耦合器分别通过光电探测件与第一混频器和第二混频器连接，第一混频器和第二混频器与第三混频器及激光器连接，激光器能够向第一混频器和第二混频器输出信号，第一混频器和第二混频器能够将信号输出给第三混频器，第三混频器与控制器连接，所述光电探测件还与控制器连接，能够将第一耦合器和探头部输出的光信号转换为电信号传输给控制器，本发明的光纤干涉装置稳定性和实用性好。
The invention relates to an optical fiber interference device and method capable of eliminating accompanying amplitude modulation, including an optical fiber interferometer, the optical fiber interferometer includes a laser and a first coupler, the laser can transmit signals to the first coupler, the first coupler and a probe part connection, it is characterized in that the output end of the probe part and the first coupler are respectively connected with the first mixer and the second mixer through the photodetector, and the first mixer and the second mixer are connected with the third The mixer and the laser are connected, the laser can output signals to the first mixer and the second mixer, the first mixer and the second mixer can output signals to the third mixer, and the third mixer The optical detector is connected to the controller, and the photodetector is also connected to the controller, which can convert the optical signal output by the first coupler and the probe part into an electrical signal and transmit it to the controller. The optical fiber interference device of the present invention is stable and practical it is good.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及光纤干涉仪技术领域，具体涉及一种能够对伴生调幅进行消除的光纤干涉装置及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber interferometers, in particular to an optical fiber interference device and method capable of eliminating accompanying amplitude modulation.
背景技术Background technique
干涉型光纤传感器是利用光在光纤中进行光的干涉，并利用光的干涉现象对干涉光的相位变化进行测量，通过对干涉光的相位变化的测量来间接测量物理量，包括震动，应力，位移，速度等，干涉型光纤传感器具有灵敏度高，线性度高，体积尺寸小，动态范围大等特点。此类光纤传感器的典型应用包括光纤陀螺仪，光纤振动检测仪，光纤水听器，光纤水平仪，光纤地震计，光纤应变仪等。光纤陀螺仪可以应用于监测火箭飞行状态，卫星运行状态等；光纤振动检测仪可以应用于周界安防等，光纤地震计可以监测地震，核爆等大幅度信号，Zumberge等人指出其动态范围在180dB*1kHz左右；光纤水听器主要用于对水下不可视目标，雷达无法探知的盲区进行监测，光纤水听器阵列相比于传统的水听器具有方向性好，工作带宽大等特点；光纤水平仪主要应用于检测桥梁，建筑物，风力发电机的结构健康；光纤应变仪可以测量超低频的物理过程，如潮汐，其工作频段最低可达0.001Hz。对于光路中的相位变化需要通过特定的算法求解，常用的相位解调算法可以分为：有源检测，无源检测，外差检测，零差检测等。其中有源零差法中的相位生成载波算法(PGC)，具有结构简单，分辨率高的特定，被广泛应用于光纤地震计，光纤水听器阵列等传感器中(CN200810117296.X)。但因内调制过程中高频载波交变电流注入激光器造成功率的不稳定，带来的光强波动，称为伴生调幅效应。The interferometric optical fiber sensor uses light to interfere with light in the optical fiber, and uses the interference phenomenon of light to measure the phase change of the interfering light. By measuring the phase change of the interfering light, it can indirectly measure physical quantities, including vibration, stress, and displacement. , speed, etc., the interferometric fiber optic sensor has the characteristics of high sensitivity, high linearity, small size, and large dynamic range. Typical applications of such fiber optic sensors include fiber optic gyroscopes, fiber optic vibration detectors, fiber optic hydrophones, fiber optic levels, fiber optic seismometers, fiber optic strain gauges, etc. Fiber optic gyroscopes can be used to monitor rocket flight status, satellite operation status, etc.; fiber optic vibration detectors can be used in perimeter security, etc., fiber optic seismometers can monitor earthquakes, nuclear explosions and other large-scale signals. Zumberge et al. pointed out that its dynamic range is in the range of About 180dB*1kHz; fiber optic hydrophones are mainly used to monitor underwater invisible targets and blind areas that cannot be detected by radar. Compared with traditional hydrophone arrays, fiber optic hydrophone arrays have the characteristics of good directionality and large working bandwidth. ; Fiber optic level gauges are mainly used to detect the structural health of bridges, buildings, and wind turbines; fiber optic strain gauges can measure ultra-low frequency physical processes, such as tides, and their working frequency range can reach as low as 0.001Hz. The phase change in the optical path needs to be solved by a specific algorithm. Commonly used phase demodulation algorithms can be divided into: active detection, passive detection, heterodyne detection, homodyne detection, etc. Among them, the phase generation carrier algorithm (PGC) in the active homodyne method has the characteristics of simple structure and high resolution, and is widely used in sensors such as fiber optic seismometers and fiber optic hydrophone arrays (CN200810117296.X). However, due to the power instability caused by the injection of high-frequency carrier alternating current into the laser during the internal modulation process, the resulting light intensity fluctuation is called the accompanying amplitude modulation effect.
发明人发现，在实际应用过程中，两路检波信号在光路上的采集位置可能相距十几公路或上百公里，此时采用传统的补偿伴生调幅效应的办法会导致高频直流光强部分的抑制信号失真，从而造成信号调节失真。The inventor found that, in the actual application process, the collection positions of the two detection signals on the optical path may be separated by more than ten roads or hundreds of kilometers. Suppresses signal distortion that causes distortion in signal conditioning.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为克服现有技术的不足，提供一种能够对伴生调幅进行消除的光纤干涉装置，解决了由于信号采集位置不同引起的高频直流光强部分的抑制信号失真问题，提高了光纤干涉装置的稳定性和实用性。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, provide a kind of optical fiber interference device that can eliminate the associated amplitude modulation, solve the problem of suppression signal distortion of the high-frequency DC light intensity part caused by different signal collection positions, and improve the Stability and practicality of fiber optic interferometers.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用下述技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种能够对伴生调幅进行消除的光纤干涉装置，包括光纤干涉仪，光纤干涉仪包括激光器和第一耦合器，激光器能够向第一耦合器传输信号，第一耦合器与探头部连接，探头部的输出端和第一耦合器分别通过光电探测件与第一混频器和第二混频器连接，第一混频器和第二混频器与第三混频器及激光器连接，激光器能够向第一混频器和第二混频器输出信号，第一混频器和第二混频器能够将信号输出给第三混频器，第三混频器与控制器连接，所述光电探测件还与控制器连接，能够将第一耦合器和探头部输出的光信号转换为电信号传输给控制器。A fiber optic interference device capable of eliminating accompanying amplitude modulation, including a fiber optic interferometer, the fiber optic interferometer includes a laser and a first coupler, the laser can transmit signals to the first coupler, the first coupler is connected to a probe part, and the probe part The output terminal and the first coupler are respectively connected with the first mixer and the second mixer through the photodetector, the first mixer and the second mixer are connected with the third mixer and the laser, and the laser can Output signals to the first mixer and the second mixer, the first mixer and the second mixer can output the signal to the third mixer, the third mixer is connected with the controller, the photoelectric The detection part is also connected with the controller, and can convert the optical signal output by the first coupler and the probe part into an electrical signal and transmit it to the controller.
进一步的，所述控制器与激光器连接，能够控制激光器发出设定的信号。Further, the controller is connected with the laser, and can control the laser to send a set signal.
进一步的，所述探头部包括第二耦合器和第三耦合器，第二耦合器和第三耦合器与第一干涉臂和第二干涉臂的两端连接，第二干涉臂上设置有滤波件，第三耦合器与光电探测件连接。Further, the probe part includes a second coupler and a third coupler, the second coupler and the third coupler are connected to both ends of the first interference arm and the second interference arm, and the second interference arm is provided with a filter parts, and the third coupler is connected with the photodetection part.
进一步的，所述探头部通过光环形器与第一耦合器连接，所述光环形器与第二光电探测器连接，所述探头部包括与光环形器连接的第四耦合器，所述第四耦合器与第三干涉臂和第四干涉臂的一端连接，第三干涉臂和第四干涉臂的另一端分别连接有第一反射镜和第二反射镜，第四干涉臂上设置有滤波件，第一反射镜和第二反射镜能够将光信号反射传输给光环形器，所述光环形器与光电探测件连接，能够将反射的光信号传输给光电探测件。Further, the probe part is connected to the first coupler through an optical circulator, the optical circulator is connected to the second photodetector, the probe part includes a fourth coupler connected to the optical circulator, and the first The four couplers are connected to one end of the third interference arm and the fourth interference arm, and the other ends of the third interference arm and the fourth interference arm are respectively connected to the first mirror and the second mirror, and the fourth interference arm is provided with a filter The first reflection mirror and the second reflection mirror can reflect and transmit the optical signal to the optical circulator, and the optical circulator is connected with the photodetection element, and can transmit the reflected optical signal to the photodetection element.
进一步的，所述光电探测件包括第一光电探测器和第二光电探测器，第一光电探测器输入端与第一耦合器连接，输出端与第一混频器及控制器连接，所述第二光电探测器的输入端与探头部的输出端连接，输出端与第二混频器及控制器连接。Further, the photodetector includes a first photodetector and a second photodetector, the input end of the first photodetector is connected to the first coupler, and the output end is connected to the first mixer and the controller, the The input end of the second photodetector is connected with the output end of the probe part, and the output end is connected with the second mixer and the controller.
进一步的，所述滤波件采用无源的光纤滤波器或有源的光开关。Further, the filter element adopts a passive optical fiber filter or an active optical switch.
进一步的，所述探头部包括第五耦合器及第六耦合器，所述第五耦合器和第六耦合器之间连接有第五干涉臂和第六干涉臂，第六干涉臂设置有第七耦合器。Further, the probe part includes a fifth coupler and a sixth coupler, a fifth interference arm and a sixth interference arm are connected between the fifth coupler and the sixth coupler, and the sixth interference arm is provided with a first Seven couplers.
进一步的，所述光电探测件包括第三光电探测器、第四光电探测器及第五光电探测器，第三光电探测器的输入端与第一耦合器连接，输出端与激光器及第一混频器连接，所述第四光电探测器输入端与第七耦合器连接，输出端与第二混频器连接，所述第五光电探测器输入端与第六耦合器连接，输出端与控制器连接。Further, the photodetector includes a third photodetector, a fourth photodetector and a fifth photodetector, the input end of the third photodetector is connected to the first coupler, and the output end is connected to the laser and the first hybrid. The input terminal of the fourth photodetector is connected with the seventh coupler, the output terminal is connected with the second mixer, the input terminal of the fifth photodetector is connected with the sixth coupler, and the output terminal is connected with the control device connection.
本发明还公开了一种能够对伴生调幅进行消除的光纤干涉装置的工作方法，激光器、第一耦合器及光电探测件形成第一光路，激光器、第一耦合器、探头部及光电探测件形成第二光路；The invention also discloses a working method of an optical fiber interference device capable of eliminating accompanying amplitude modulation. The laser, the first coupler and the photoelectric detection part form the first optical path, and the laser, the first coupler, the probe part and the photoelectric detection part form a second optical path;
激光器发出测距调制信号，测距调制信号经过第一光路进入第一混频器，第一混频器接收激光器的信号和第一光路的信号并进行混频，得到第一差频信号，第二混频器接收激光器的信号和第二光路的信号，并进行混频，得到第二差频信号，第一差频信号和第二差频信号传输给第三混频器进行混频，得到第一光路和第二光路光程差△L的差频信号，并传输给控制器，控制器根据光程差的差频信号得到两个光路的信号到达光电探测件时的相位差 The laser emits a ranging modulation signal, and the ranging modulation signal enters the first mixer through the first optical path. The first mixer receives the signal of the laser and the signal of the first optical path and mixes them to obtain the first difference frequency signal. The second mixer receives the signal of the laser and the signal of the second optical path, and performs frequency mixing to obtain the second difference frequency signal, and the first difference frequency signal and the second difference frequency signal are transmitted to the third mixer for frequency mixing to obtain The difference frequency signal of the optical path difference ΔL between the first optical path and the second optical path is transmitted to the controller, and the controller obtains the phase difference when the signals of the two optical paths reach the photodetector according to the difference frequency signal of the optical path difference
激光器发出光信号，控制器通过光电探测件接收第一光路和第二光路的输出光信号，将得到的相位差带入第一光路的光电探测件输出的光信号中，利用第二光路的光电探测件检测得到的光信号数据除以第一光路光电检测件输出的带入相位差的光信号数据，得到干涉光信号的数据。The laser sends out optical signals, and the controller receives the output optical signals of the first optical path and the second optical path through the photodetector, and the obtained phase difference Into the optical signal output by the photodetection element of the first optical path, the optical signal data detected by the photodetection element of the second optical path is divided by the optical signal data with a phase difference output by the photoelectric detection element of the first optical path to obtain the interference The data of the light signal.
进一步的，所述相位差的计算方法为：Further, the calculation method of the phase difference is:
其中，Cn为光在光纤中的传输速度；V(t)为光频。Among them, C n is the transmission speed of light in the fiber; V(t) is the light frequency.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明的能够对伴生调幅进行消除的光纤干涉装置，具有第一混频器、第二混频器，第三混频器，能够利用激光器输出的调制信号得到第一光路和第二光路的光程差，从而得到两个光路输出信号的相位差，激光器发出光信号时，将采集的相位差带入第一光路输出的光信号中，然后用第二光路的输出光信号数据除以第一光路带入相位差后的光信号数据，得到干涉数据，解决了由于信号采集位置的不同而引起直流光强的相位差异，从而导致高频直流光强部分的抑制信号失真问题，解决了光纤干涉仪在长距离实际应用时产生的伴生调幅消除失真问题，通过测量出信号采集位置不同引起的相位差，实现了光纤干涉仪在长距离应用时的正常工作，提高了光纤干涉仪的稳定性和实用性。The optical fiber interference device capable of eliminating accompanying amplitude modulation of the present invention has a first mixer, a second mixer, and a third mixer, and can use the modulation signal output by the laser to obtain the light of the first optical path and the second optical path path difference, so as to obtain the phase difference of the output signals of the two optical paths. When the laser emits an optical signal, the collected phase difference is brought into the optical signal output by the first optical path, and then the output optical signal data of the second optical path is divided by the first The optical path brings in the optical signal data after the phase difference to obtain the interference data, which solves the problem of the phase difference of the DC light intensity caused by the difference in the signal collection position, which leads to the suppression signal distortion of the high-frequency DC light intensity part, and solves the problem of optical fiber interference The associated amplitude modulation eliminates the distortion problem caused by the long-distance practical application of the instrument. By measuring the phase difference caused by different signal acquisition positions, the normal operation of the optical fiber interferometer in long-distance applications is realized, and the stability and performance of the optical fiber interferometer are improved. practicality.
附图说明Description of drawings
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的限定。The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide further understanding of the present application, and the schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and not to limit the present application.
图1为本发明实施例1整体结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例2整体结构示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例3整体结构示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;
其中，1.激光器，2.第一耦合器，3.第二耦合器，4.第三耦合器，5.第一干涉臂，6.第二干涉臂，7.第一光纤滤波器，8.第一光电探测器，9.第二光电探测器，10.第一混频器，11.第二混频器，12.第三混频器，13.控制器，14.光环形器，15.第四耦合器，16.第三干涉臂，17.第四干涉臂，18.第一反射镜，19.第二反射镜，20.第二光纤滤波器，21.第五耦合器，22.第六耦合器，23.第五干涉臂，24.第六干涉臂，25.第七耦合器，26.第四光电探测器，27.第三光电探测器，28.第五光电探测器。Among them, 1. laser, 2. first coupler, 3. second coupler, 4. third coupler, 5. first interference arm, 6. second interference arm, 7. first fiber filter, 8 .first photodetector, 9. second photodetector, 10. first mixer, 11. second mixer, 12. third mixer, 13. controller, 14. optical circulator, 15. The fourth coupler, 16. The third interference arm, 17. The fourth interference arm, 18. The first mirror, 19. The second mirror, 20. The second fiber filter, 21. The fifth coupler, 22. The sixth coupler, 23. The fifth interference arm, 24. The sixth interference arm, 25. The seventh coupler, 26. The fourth photodetector, 27. The third photodetector, 28. The fifth photodetector device.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。It should be pointed out that the following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further explanation to the present application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。It should be noted that the terminology used here is only for describing specific implementations, and is not intended to limit the exemplary implementations according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural, and it should also be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they mean There are features, steps, operations, means, components and/or combinations thereof.
为了方便叙述，本发明中如果出现“上”、“下”、“左”“右”字样，仅表示与附图本身的上、下、左、右方向一致，并不对结构起限定作用,仅仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的设备或元件必须具有特定的方位，以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。For the convenience of description, if the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" appear in the present invention, it only means that they are consistent with the directions of up, down, left and right in the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure. It is for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
正如背景技术所介绍的，现有的补偿伴生调幅效应的方法应用于采集位置相距较远的情况时，容易引起直流光强相位差异，从而导致高频直流光强部分的抑制信号失真的问题，针对上述问题，本申请提出了一种能够对伴生调幅消除的光纤干涉装置。As introduced in the background technology, when the existing method of compensating the associated amplitude modulation effect is applied to the situation where the acquisition locations are far apart, it is easy to cause a phase difference in the DC light intensity, which leads to the problem of distortion of the suppression signal of the high-frequency DC light intensity part. In view of the above problems, the present application proposes an optical fiber interference device capable of eliminating accompanying amplitude modulation.
本申请的一种典型实施方式实施例1中，如图1所示，一种能够对伴生调幅消除的光纤干涉装置，包括光纤干涉仪，所述光纤干涉仪采用马赫曾德干涉仪，所述光纤干涉仪包括激光器1，所述激光器采用DFB激光器，所述DFB激光器通过光纤与第一耦合器2连接，第一耦合器能够对DFB激光器输出的光信号进行分光，采用99:1的1X2耦合器作为第一耦合器，所述第一耦合器的99％的通光口连接探头部，所述探头部包括第二耦合器3及第三耦合器4，所述第二耦合器与第一耦合器的99％的通光口连接，所述第二耦合器采用50:50的1X2耦合器，其两个通光口分别与第一干涉臂5和第二干涉臂6的一端连接，第一干涉臂和第二干涉臂的另一端连接第三耦合器，所述第三耦合器采用50:50的1X2耦合器。In Example 1 of a typical implementation of the present application, as shown in Figure 1, an optical fiber interference device capable of eliminating accompanying amplitude modulation includes an optical fiber interferometer, the optical fiber interferometer adopts a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the The fiber optic interferometer includes a laser 1, the laser is a DFB laser, the DFB laser is connected to the first coupler 2 through an optical fiber, the first coupler can split the optical signal output by the DFB laser, and adopts 99:1 1X2 coupling As the first coupler, 99% of the optical ports of the first coupler are connected to the probe part, and the probe part includes the second coupler 3 and the third coupler 4, and the second coupler and the first coupler 99% of the light-through ports of the coupler are connected, and the second coupler adopts a 50:50 1X2 coupler, and its two light-through ports are respectively connected to one end of the first interference arm 5 and the second interference arm 6. The other ends of the first interference arm and the second interference arm are connected to a third coupler, and the third coupler adopts a 50:50 1X2 coupler.
所述第二干涉臂连接有滤波件，所述滤波件采用无源的第一光纤滤波器7，所述光纤滤波器能够阻止线性调频信号通过而不能阻止干涉用的光信号通过，测距时如果有干涉信号是无法解决此测距问题的，因此设置了光纤滤波器，避免测距时信号的干涉。The second interference arm is connected with a filter element, and the filter element adopts a passive first optical fiber filter 7, and the optical fiber filter can prevent the chirp signal from passing through but cannot prevent the optical signal used for interference from passing through. If there is an interference signal, the ranging problem cannot be solved, so a fiber filter is installed to avoid signal interference during ranging.
所述第一耦合器及第三耦合器均与光电探测件连接，所述光电检测件包括第一光电探测器8及第二光电探测器9，所述第一耦合器的1％的通光口与第一光电探测器的输入端连接，所述第三耦合器与第二光电探测器的输入端连接。Both the first coupler and the third coupler are connected to the photodetector, and the photodetector includes a first photodetector 8 and a second photodetector 9, and 1% of the first coupler is connected to the light. The port is connected to the input end of the first photodetector, and the third coupler is connected to the input end of the second photodetector.
第一光电探测器能够接收第一耦合器传来的信号，第二光电探测器能够接收第三耦合器传来的信号，并将信号转化为电信号输出。The first photodetector can receive the signal from the first coupler, and the second photodetector can receive the signal from the third coupler, and convert the signal into an electrical signal for output.
所述第一光电探测器的输出端与第一混频器10连接，能够将电信号传输给第一混频器，第二光电探测器的输出端与第二混频器11连接，能够将电信号传输给第二混频器。The output terminal of the first photodetector is connected with the first mixer 10, and the electrical signal can be transmitted to the first mixer, and the output terminal of the second photodetector is connected with the second mixer 11, and can be The electrical signal is transmitted to the second mixer.
所述第一混频器和第二混频器均与DFB激光器连接，能够接收DFB激光器发出的线性调频信号。Both the first mixer and the second mixer are connected to the DFB laser and can receive the chirp signal sent by the DFB laser.
所述第一混频器和第二混频器均与第三混频12器连接，第三混频器与控制器13连接，能够向控制器发送差频信号。Both the first mixer and the second mixer are connected to the third mixer 12, and the third mixer is connected to the controller 13, and can send a difference frequency signal to the controller.
所述第一光电探测器和第二光电探测器均与控制器连接，能够将电信号传输给控制器。Both the first photodetector and the second photodetector are connected to the controller and can transmit electrical signals to the controller.
所述控制器与DFB激光器连接，能够控制DFB激光器发出设定的线性调频信号或及光信号。The controller is connected with the DFB laser and can control the DFB laser to send out a set chirp signal or optical signal.
实施例2：Example 2:
本实施例公开了一种能够对伴生调幅消除的光纤干涉装置，如图2所示，所述光纤干涉仪采用迈克尔逊干涉仪，其探头部通过光环形器14与第一耦合器的99％的通光口连接，所述探头部包括第四耦合器15，所述第四耦合器采用50:50的1X2耦合器，所述第四耦合器的两个通光口连接有第三干涉臂16和第四干涉臂17的一端，所述第三干涉臂和第四干涉臂的另一端分别连接有第一反射镜18和第二反射镜19，所述第四干涉臂上设置有无源的第二光纤滤波器20,第二光纤滤波器能够阻止线性调频信号的通过而无法阻止干涉用光信号通过。This embodiment discloses a fiber optic interference device capable of eliminating accompanying amplitude modulation. As shown in Figure 2, the fiber optic interferometer adopts a Michelson interferometer, and its probe part passes through 99% of the optical circulator 14 and the first coupler. The optical port connection, the probe part includes a fourth coupler 15, the fourth coupler adopts a 50:50 1X2 coupler, and the two optical ports of the fourth coupler are connected with a third interference arm 16 and one end of the fourth interference arm 17, the other ends of the third interference arm and the fourth interference arm are respectively connected with the first reflector 18 and the second reflector 19, and the fourth interference arm is provided with a passive The second optical fiber filter 20, the second optical fiber filter can prevent the chirp signal from passing through but cannot prevent the interference light signal from passing through.
光环形器有三个端口，其中一个端口与第一耦合器的99％的通光口连接，另一个端口与第四耦合器的通光口连接，第三个端口用于接收第一反射镜和第二反射镜反射的信号，并与第二光电探测器连接，其他结构与实施例1相同，在此不进行详细叙述。The optical circulator has three ports, one of which is connected to 99% of the light port of the first coupler, the other port is connected to the light port of the fourth coupler, and the third port is used to receive the first reflector and The signal reflected by the second reflector is connected to the second photodetector, and other structures are the same as in Embodiment 1, and will not be described in detail here.
实施例3Example 3
本实施例公开了一种能够对伴生调幅消除的光纤干涉装置，如图3所示，所述光纤干涉仪采用马赫曾德干涉仪，所述探头部包括第五耦合器21和第六耦合器22，所述第五耦合器采用40:60的1X2耦合器，第六耦合器采用50:50的1X2耦合器，第五耦合器和第六耦合器之间连接有第五干涉臂23和第六干涉臂24，所述第六干涉臂上设置有第七耦合器25，第七耦合器和第六耦合器在光路上十分接近，第五耦合器40％的通光口与第五干涉臂连接，60％的通光口与第六干涉臂连接，所述第七耦合器采用70:30的1X2耦合器，第七耦合器70％的通光口接第六耦合器，30％的通光口与第四光电探测器26连接，与探头部连接的第一耦合器的1％的通光口与第三光电探测器27连接，所述第六耦合器与第五光电探测器28连接，所述第三光电探测器的输出端连接第一混频器，第四光电探测器的输出端连接第二混频器，第三光电探测器及第四光电探测器均与DFB激光器连接，第一混频器和第二混频器与第三混频器连接，第三混频器与控制器连接，第三光电探测器和第四光电探测器均与控制器连接。This embodiment discloses an optical fiber interference device capable of eliminating accompanying amplitude modulation, as shown in Figure 3, the optical fiber interferometer adopts a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the probe part includes a fifth coupler 21 and a sixth coupler 22. The fifth coupler adopts a 40:60 1X2 coupler, the sixth coupler adopts a 50:50 1X2 coupler, and the fifth interference arm 23 and the sixth coupler are connected between the fifth coupler and the sixth coupler. Six interference arms 24, the sixth interference arm is provided with a seventh coupler 25, the seventh coupler and the sixth coupler are very close on the optical path, and 40% of the fifth coupler 40% optical port is connected to the fifth interference arm connection, 60% of the optical port is connected to the sixth interference arm, the seventh coupler uses a 70:30 1X2 coupler, 70% of the optical port of the seventh coupler is connected to the sixth coupler, and 30% of the optical port is connected to the sixth coupler. The optical port is connected to the fourth photodetector 26, the 1% optical port of the first coupler connected to the probe part is connected to the third photodetector 27, and the sixth coupler is connected to the fifth photodetector 28 , the output end of the third photodetector is connected to the first mixer, the output end of the fourth photodetector is connected to the second mixer, the third photodetector and the fourth photodetector are connected to the DFB laser, The first mixer and the second mixer are connected to the third mixer, the third mixer is connected to the controller, and both the third photodetector and the fourth photodetector are connected to the controller.
实施例4Example 4
本实施例公开了一种能够对伴生调幅消除的光纤干涉装置的工作方法：This embodiment discloses a working method of an optical fiber interference device capable of eliminating associated amplitude modulation:
实施例1的光纤干涉装置中，激光器、第一耦合器、第一光电探测器构成第一光路，激光器、探头部及第二光电探测器构成第二光路。In the optical fiber interference device of Embodiment 1, the laser, the first coupler, and the first photodetector constitute the first optical path, and the laser, the probe unit, and the second photodetector constitute the second optical path.
DFB激光器在控制器的控制下，发出测距调制信号，所述测距调制信号为设定的线性调频信号，本领域技术人员可根据实际情况选择合适的线性调频信号，线性调频信号经过第一光路(第一耦合器-第一光电探测器)，由第一光电探测器输出给第一混频器，同时线性调频信号也直接传输给第一混频器，第一混频器对接收的激光器和第一光路的信号进行混频，形成第一差频信号，并输出给第三混频器，由于第一光纤滤波器能够阻止线性调频信号的通过，线性调频信号经过第二光路(第一耦合器-第二耦合器-第一干涉臂-第三耦合器-第二光电探测器)，由第二光电探测器输出给第二混频器，同时线性调频信号也直接传输给第二混频器，第二混频器对接收的激光器和第二光路的信号进行混频，形成第二差频信号，并输出给第三混频器，第三混频器对第一差频信号和第二差频信号进行混频，得到DFB激光器发出的信号到达第一光电探测器和第二光电探测器处光程差△L的差频信号，并传输给控制器，控制器对光程差的差频信号进行运算，得到第一光电探测器和第二光电探测器输出信号的相位差The DFB laser emits a ranging modulation signal under the control of the controller. The ranging modulation signal is a set chirp signal. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable chirp signal according to the actual situation. The chirp signal passes through the first The optical path (the first coupler-the first photodetector) is output to the first mixer by the first photodetector, and the chirp signal is also directly transmitted to the first mixer, and the first mixer is to the received The laser and the signal of the first optical path are mixed to form the first difference frequency signal, and output to the third mixer. Since the first optical fiber filter can prevent the passage of the chirp signal, the chirp signal passes through the second optical path (the first A coupler - the second coupler - the first interference arm - the third coupler - the second photodetector), the output of the second photodetector to the second mixer, while the chirp signal is also directly transmitted to the second Mixer, the second mixer mixes the received laser and the signal of the second optical path to form a second difference frequency signal, and outputs it to the third mixer, and the third mixer mixes the first difference frequency signal Mix with the second difference frequency signal to obtain the difference frequency signal of the optical path difference △L between the first photodetector and the second photodetector when the signal sent by the DFB laser reaches the first photodetector and the second photodetector, and transmit it to the controller. The controller controls the optical path The difference frequency signal is calculated to obtain the phase difference of the output signals of the first photodetector and the second photodetector
具体计算方法为： The specific calculation method is:
其中，Cn为光在光纤中的传输速度；V(t)为光频。Among them, C n is the transmission speed of light in the fiber; V(t) is the light frequency.
DFB激光器在控制器的控制下发出用于产生干涉的光信号，光信号经过第一光路和后由第一光电探测器输出并传输给控制器，光信号在探头部的第一干涉臂和第二干涉臂中传输，产生干涉后由第三耦合器传通过第二光电探测器传输给控制器，控制器将得到的相位差带入第一光电探测器输出的光信号，然后用第二光电探测器输出的信号数据除以第一光电探测器输出的带入相位差后的信号数据，得到干涉光信号数据。The DFB laser emits an optical signal for interference under the control of the controller. The optical signal passes through the first optical path and is output by the first photodetector and transmitted to the controller. The optical signal passes through the first interference arm of the probe and the second Transmission in the two interference arms, after the interference is generated, the third coupler transmits it to the controller through the second photodetector, and the controller brings the obtained phase difference into the optical signal output by the first photodetector, and then uses the second photoelectric The signal data output by the detector is divided by the signal data output by the first photodetector with the phase difference added to obtain interference light signal data.
实施例2的光纤干涉装置的工作方法为：The working method of the optical fiber interference device of embodiment 2 is:
第一光路为：激光器-第一耦合器-第一光电探测器，第二光路为：激光器-第一耦合器-光环形器-探头部-光环形器-第二光电探测器，DFB激光器发出线性调频信号，线性调频信号经过第一耦合器、第一光电探测器传输给第一混频器，同时线性调频信号直接传输给第一混频器，第一混频器进行混频，得到第一差频信号，第二光纤滤波器能够阻止线性调频信号的通过，因此线性调频信号经光环形器、第四耦合器、第三干涉臂、第一反射镜、光环形器、第二光电探测器后由第二光电探测器传输给第二混频器，同时线性调频信号直接传输给第二混频器，第二混频器进行混频，形成第二差频信号，第一差频信号和第二差频信号传输给第三混频器，第三混频器对第一差频信号和第二差频信号进行混频，得到DFB激光器发出的信号到达第一光电探测器和第二光电探测器处光程差△L的差频信号，并传输给控制器，控制器对光程差的差频信号进行运算，得到第一光电探测器和第二光电探测器输出信号的相位差The first optical path is: laser - first coupler - first photodetector, the second optical path is: laser - first coupler - optical circulator - probe part - optical circulator - second photodetector, DFB laser emits A linear frequency modulation signal, the linear frequency modulation signal is transmitted to the first mixer through the first coupler and the first photodetector, and at the same time the linear frequency modulation signal is directly transmitted to the first mixer, and the first mixer performs frequency mixing to obtain the first A difference frequency signal, the second optical fiber filter can prevent the passage of the chirp signal, so the chirp signal passes through the optical circulator, the fourth coupler, the third interference arm, the first mirror, the optical circulator, and the second photodetector After the device, the second photodetector is transmitted to the second mixer, and at the same time, the chirp signal is directly transmitted to the second mixer, and the second mixer performs frequency mixing to form the second difference frequency signal, and the first difference frequency signal and the second difference frequency signal are transmitted to the third mixer, and the third mixer mixes the first difference frequency signal and the second difference frequency signal, and the signal sent by the DFB laser reaches the first photodetector and the second The difference frequency signal of the optical path difference ΔL at the photodetector is transmitted to the controller, and the controller calculates the difference frequency signal of the optical path difference to obtain the phase difference of the output signals of the first photodetector and the second photodetector
具体计算方法为： The specific calculation method is:
其中，Cn为光在光纤中的传输速度；V(t)为光频。Among them, C n is the transmission speed of light in the fiber; V(t) is the light frequency.
DFB激光器在控制器的控制下发出用于产生干涉的光信号，光信号经第一耦合器、第一光电探测器后传输给控制器，第一耦合器输出的另一路光信号经光环形器进入第三干涉臂和第四干涉臂，由第一反射镜和第二反射镜反射后产生干涉，干涉后的信号通过光环形器传输给第二光电探测器，第二光电探测器将干涉后的光信号传输给控制器，控制器将得到的相位差带入第一光电探测器输出的光信号，然后用第二光电探测器输出的信号数据除以第一光电探测器输出的带入相位差后的信号数据，得到干涉光信号数据。The DFB laser emits an optical signal for interference under the control of the controller. The optical signal is transmitted to the controller after passing through the first coupler and the first photodetector. The other optical signal output by the first coupler passes through the optical circulator. Entering the third interference arm and the fourth interference arm, it is reflected by the first mirror and the second mirror to generate interference, and the signal after interference is transmitted to the second photodetector through the optical circulator, and the second photodetector will The optical signal is transmitted to the controller, and the controller will bring the obtained phase difference into the optical signal output by the first photodetector, and then divide the signal data output by the second photodetector by the input phase output by the first photodetector The difference signal data is obtained to obtain the interference light signal data.
实施例3的光纤干涉装置的工作方法为：The working method of the optical fiber interference device of embodiment 3 is:
第一光路为：激光器-第一耦合器-第三光电探测器，第二光路为：第二光路Ⅰ和第二光路Ⅱ构成，第二光路Ⅰ为：激光器-第一耦合器-第五耦合器-第七耦合器-第四光电探测器，第二光路Ⅱ为激光器-第一耦合器-探头部-第五光电探测器，DFB激光器发出线性调频信号，经过第一耦合器和第三光电探测器传输给第一混频器，线性调频信号同时直接传输给第一混频器，第一混频器进行混频，得到第一差频信号，第一耦合器输出的另一路线性调频信号经过第五耦合器、第七耦合器输入到第四光电探测器，第四光电探测器将信号传输给第二混频器，同时第二混频器接受DFB激光器发出的线性调频信号，第二混频器进行混频，形成第二差频信号，第一差频信号和第二差频信号传输给第三混频器进行混频，得到DFB激光器发出的信号到达第三光电探测器和第四光电探测器处光程差△L的差频信号，并传输给控制器，控制器对光程差的差频信号进行运算，得到第三光电探测器和第四光电探测器输出信号的相位差The first optical path is: laser - the first coupler - the third photodetector, the second optical path is: the second optical path I and the second optical path II, the second optical path I is: laser - the first coupler - the fifth coupling device-the seventh coupler-the fourth photodetector, the second optical path II is the laser-the first coupler-probe part-the fifth photodetector, the DFB laser sends out a chirp signal, and passes through the first coupler and the third photoelectric detector The detector is transmitted to the first mixer, and the linear frequency modulation signal is directly transmitted to the first mixer at the same time, and the first mixer performs frequency mixing to obtain the first difference frequency signal, and another linear frequency modulation signal output by the first coupler Input to the fourth photodetector through the fifth coupler and the seventh coupler, the fourth photodetector transmits the signal to the second mixer, and the second mixer accepts the chirp signal sent by the DFB laser, and the second The mixer performs frequency mixing to form the second difference frequency signal, the first difference frequency signal and the second difference frequency signal are transmitted to the third mixer for frequency mixing, and the signal sent by the DFB laser reaches the third photodetector and the second The difference frequency signal of the optical path difference ΔL at the four photodetectors is transmitted to the controller, and the controller calculates the difference frequency signal of the optical path difference to obtain the phase of the output signals of the third photodetector and the fourth photodetector Difference
具体计算方法为： The specific calculation method is:
其中，Cn为光在光纤中的传输速度；V(t)为光频。Among them, C n is the transmission speed of light in the fiber; V(t) is the light frequency.
本实施例中，由于第七耦合器和第六耦合器的光程接近，所以激光器发出的信号到达第四光电探测器的光程和到达第五光电探测器的光程近似为相等。In this embodiment, since the optical distances of the seventh coupler and the sixth coupler are close, the optical distance of the signal sent by the laser to the fourth photodetector is approximately equal to the optical distance to the fifth photodetector.
DFB激光器发出用于干涉的光信号，光信号一路经第一耦合器、第三光电探测器传输给控制器，另一路探头部产生干涉后由第五光电探测器传输给控制器，控制器将得到的相位差带入第三光电探测器输出的光信号，然后用第五光电探测器输出的信号数据除以第三光电探测器输出的带入相位差后的信号数据，得到干涉光信号数据。The DFB laser emits an optical signal for interference, one path of the optical signal is transmitted to the controller through the first coupler and the third photodetector, and the other path of the probe is interfered and then transmitted to the controller by the fifth photodetector, the controller will The obtained phase difference is brought into the optical signal output by the third photodetector, and then the signal data output by the fifth photodetector is divided by the signal data output by the third photodetector with the phase difference, to obtain the interference optical signal data .
采用两路检波信号来补偿伴生调幅效应时，当不考虑两路检波信号的光程问题时，第一光电探测器处的光强I1(t)表达式为When two detection signals are used to compensate the associated amplitude modulation effect, when the optical path of the two detection signals is not considered, the light intensity I 1 (t) at the first photodetector is expressed as
I0为光源的直流分量；ΔI0为光强随着电流变化的变化量幅值；ωc为波长的角速度；时间t；为光源的初始相位。I 0 is the DC component of the light source; ΔI 0 is the magnitude of the change in light intensity as the current changes; ω c is the angular velocity of the wavelength; time t; is the initial phase of the light source.
当不考虑两路检波信号的光程问题时，假设I1(t)为光源的出射光I0(t)，第二光电探测器处的光强I2(t)表达式为When the optical path of the two detection signals is not considered, assuming that I 1 (t) is the outgoing light I 0 (t) of the light source, the expression of the light intensity I 2 (t) at the second photodetector is
A和B为固定常数；v0为直流光频；Δv为光频的变化幅值；ωc为波长的角速度；△L为两干涉臂的光程差；Cn为光在光纤中的传输速度。A and B are fixed constants; v 0 is the DC optical frequency; Δv is the amplitude of the optical frequency change; ω c is the angular velocity of the wavelength; △L is the optical path difference between the two interference arms; C n is the transmission of light in the optical fiber speed.
由1-1和1-2式子可知，常用的补偿伴生调幅效应的办法主要是基于两路检波信号相除来克服直流光强I0(t)变化的影响，抑制信号解调失真。From the formulas 1-1 and 1-2, it can be seen that the commonly used method of compensating the associated amplitude modulation effect is mainly based on the division of the two detection signals to overcome the influence of the change of the DC light intensity I 0 (t) and suppress signal demodulation distortion.
但是，当两路检测信号在光路中的距离相距几十或上百公里时，就不能直接以第一光电探测器处检测到的光强I1(t)作为光源的出射光I0(t)，因为第二光电探测器处检测到的光强信号与光源的出射光I0(t)存在相位差，直接相除会导致信号解调失真。However, when the distance between the two detection signals in the optical path is tens or hundreds of kilometers, the light intensity I 1 (t) detected at the first photodetector cannot be directly used as the outgoing light I 0 (t ), because there is a phase difference between the light intensity signal detected at the second photodetector and the outgoing light I 0 (t) of the light source, direct division will lead to signal demodulation distortion.
当考虑两路检测信号的光程问题时，必须考虑上测量点之间的相位差。则第一光电探测器处的光强I1(t)表达式为When considering the optical path of the two detection signals, the phase difference between the upper measurement points must be considered. Then the expression of light intensity I 1 (t) at the first photodetector is
I0为光源的直流分量；ΔI0为光强随着电流变化的变化量幅值；ωc为波长的角速度；t为时间；为光源的初始相位；为光源出射光到达第一光电探测器处增加的相位变化量。I 0 is the DC component of the light source; ΔI 0 is the magnitude of the change in light intensity as the current changes; ω c is the angular velocity of the wavelength; t is time; is the initial phase of the light source; It is the amount of phase change added when the emitted light from the light source reaches the first photodetector.
其中 in
L1为光源到第一光电探测器处的光程；Cn为光在光纤中的传输速度；v(t)为光频。L 1 is the optical path from the light source to the first photodetector; C n is the transmission speed of light in the optical fiber; v(t) is the optical frequency.
当考虑两路检测信号的光程问题时。第二光电探测器处的光强I2(t)表达式为When considering the optical path of the two detection signals. The expression of light intensity I 2 (t) at the second photodetector is
A和B为固定常数；I0(t)为光源的出射光到达第二光电探测器处的光强表达式；ωc为波长的角速度；v0为直流光频；Δv为光频的变化幅值；△L为两干涉臂的光程差；Cn为光在光纤中的传输速度。A and B are fixed constants; I 0 (t) is the expression of light intensity when the outgoing light of the light source reaches the second photodetector; ω c is the angular velocity of the wavelength; v 0 is the DC optical frequency; Δv is the change of the optical frequency Amplitude; △L is the optical path difference between the two interference arms; C n is the transmission speed of light in the fiber.
其中 in
I0为光源的直流分量；ΔI0为光强随着电流变化的变化量幅值；ωc为波长的角速度；t为时间；为光源的初始相位；为光源出射光到达第二光电探测器处增加的相位变化量。I 0 is the DC component of the light source; ΔI 0 is the magnitude of the change in light intensity as the current changes; ω c is the angular velocity of the wavelength; t is time; is the initial phase of the light source; It is the amount of phase change added when the emitted light from the light source reaches the second photodetector.
其中 in
L2为光源到第二光电探测器处的光程；Cn为光在光纤中的传输速度；v(t)为光频。L 2 is the optical path from the light source to the second photodetector; C n is the transmission speed of light in the optical fiber; v(t) is the optical frequency.
如上所示，若想在考虑两路检测信号的光程问题时，让第一光电探测器处的光强I1(t)等于光源的出射光到达第一光电探测器处的光强I0(t)，根据公式1-3、1-6；设光源的出射光到达第一光电探测器和第二光电探测器处光的相位差为As shown above, if we want to make the light intensity I 1 (t) at the first photodetector equal to the light intensity I 0 at the first photodetector when the outgoing light from the light source reaches the first photodetector when considering the optical distance of the two detection signals (t), according to the formulas 1-3, 1-6; if the outgoing light of the light source arrives at the first photodetector and the second photodetector, the phase difference of the light is
可得Available
I0为光源的直流分量；ΔI0为光强随着电流变化的变化量幅值；ωc为波长的角速度；t为时间；为光源的初始相位；为光源出射光到达第一光电探测器处增加的相位变化量；为光源的出射光到达第一光电探测器和第二光电探测器处光的相位差。I 0 is the DC component of the light source; ΔI 0 is the magnitude of the change in light intensity as the current changes; ω c is the angular velocity of the wavelength; t is time; is the initial phase of the light source; is the amount of phase change added to the place where the emitted light from the light source reaches the first photodetector; is the phase difference of light emitted by the light source to the first photodetector and the second photodetector.
即只需要测得光源的出射光到达第一光电探测器和第二光电探测器处光的相位差为就可通过两路检测信号的相除来克服伴生调幅效应中光强变化的影响，达到信号解调的目的。That is, it is only necessary to measure the phase difference of the light emitted by the light source when it reaches the first photodetector and the second photodetector as The influence of light intensity changes in the accompanying amplitude modulation effect can be overcome by dividing the two detection signals, and the purpose of signal demodulation can be achieved.
因此采用本实施例的装置和方法，解决了由于信号采集位置的不同而引起直流光强的相位差异，从而导致高频直流光强部分的抑制信号失真问题，解决了光纤干涉仪在长距离实际应用时产生的伴生调幅消除失真问题。Therefore, the device and method of this embodiment solves the problem of the phase difference of the DC light intensity caused by the difference in the signal collection position, which leads to the suppression signal distortion of the high-frequency DC light intensity part, and solves the problem of the optical fiber interferometer in the long-distance actual The associated amplitude modulation generated during application eliminates the distortion problem.
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.
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