CN110607492A - Method for improving super-hydrophobic performance of aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Method for improving super-hydrophobic performance of aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN110607492A CN110607492A CN201911038299.9A CN201911038299A CN110607492A CN 110607492 A CN110607492 A CN 110607492A CN 201911038299 A CN201911038299 A CN 201911038299A CN 110607492 A CN110607492 A CN 110607492A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/362—Laser etching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
- C23F1/10—Etching compositions
- C23F1/14—Aqueous compositions
- C23F1/16—Acidic compositions
- C23F1/20—Acidic compositions for etching aluminium or alloys thereof
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the super-hydrophobic performance of an aluminum alloy, which relates to the technical field of surface modification of metal materials and comprises the following steps: s1: carrying out solid solution treatment on the aluminum alloy at 480-510 ℃ to obtain solid-dissolved aluminum alloy; s2: carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy subjected to solid solution at 160-200 ℃ to obtain an aged aluminum alloy; s3: carrying out grinding and polishing treatment on the aged aluminum alloy to obtain a polished aluminum alloy; s4: carrying out laser treatment on the polished aluminum alloy to obtain the aluminum alloy subjected to laser treatment; s5: and chemically etching the aluminum alloy subjected to the laser treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy with the super-hydrophobic property. The method for improving the super-hydrophobic property of the aluminum alloy provided by the invention is simple in preparation process and low in preparation cost, and the preparation process is beneficial to improving the super-hydrophobic property of the aluminum alloy and is also beneficial to improving the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surface modification of metal materials, in particular to a method for improving the super-hydrophobic property of an aluminum alloy.
Background
The wettability of the surface of a material is one of the important properties of the material. Surface wettability is usually measured by contact angle, which is the result of surface tension equilibrium of a liquid at the solid, liquid, and gas interfaces of a material surface. In recent years, the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces of metal materials has received increasing attention.
The aluminum alloy has the excellent characteristics of low density, excellent heat conductivity and electric conductivity, high specific strength, excellent castability and the like, is an important structural material, is widely applied in the fields of aerospace, automobile industry, buildings, railways and the like, and has important significance for improving the surface performance of the aluminum alloy and preparing a surface with super-hydrophobic performance.
At present, two approaches are mainly used for improving the super-hydrophobic performance of the aluminum alloy: firstly, a low-surface-energy substance is modified on a rough surface; secondly, constructing micro-nano roughness on low surface energy substances; however, the existing method generally has the defects of complex process and high preparation cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method for improving the super-hydrophobic property of the aluminum alloy, which has the advantages of simple process and low cost.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for improving the super-hydrophobic property of an aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out solid solution treatment on the aluminum alloy at 480-510 ℃ to obtain solid-dissolved aluminum alloy;
s2: carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy subjected to solid solution at 160-200 ℃ to obtain an aged aluminum alloy;
s3: carrying out grinding and polishing treatment on the aged aluminum alloy to obtain a polished aluminum alloy;
s4: carrying out laser treatment on the polished aluminum alloy to obtain the aluminum alloy subjected to laser treatment;
s5: and chemically etching the aluminum alloy subjected to the laser treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy with the super-hydrophobic property.
Optionally, the aluminum alloy is prepared by a spray forming process.
Optionally, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2 percent of Si; 0.3 percent of Fe; 3.8-4.9% of Cu; 1.2-1.8% of Mg; 0.3-0.9% of Mn; 0.3 percent of Fe; 0.1 percent of Cr; 0.25 percent of Zn; the balance being Al.
Alternatively, the time range of the solution treatment in step S1 is 8 to 20 hours.
Optionally, the time range of the aging treatment in the step S2 is 4h to 8 h.
Optionally, in the step S4, the laser power of the laser processing is 0 to 30W, the scanning rate is 0 to 100mm/S, the number of scanning passes is 1 to 3, and the scanning interval is 0 to 200 μm.
Optionally, the chemical etching solution is a stearic acid solution.
Optionally, the concentration of the stearic acid solution is 2.9 mol/L.
Optionally, the temperature of the chemical etching is 36 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the method for improving the super-hydrophobic property of the aluminum alloy has the following advantages:
the method for improving the superhydrophobic performance of the aluminum alloy comprises the steps of firstly carrying out heat treatment on the aluminum alloy by a solid solution and aging method, and then carrying out treatment on the heat-treated aluminum alloy by a laser and chemical etching method to obtain a superhydrophobic surface of the aluminum alloy; the preparation method is simple in preparation process and low in preparation cost, the structure performance of the aluminum alloy is improved by introducing a heat treatment process in the preparation process, and the super-hydrophobic performance of the aluminum alloy is improved, so that the super-hydrophobic surface is formed, and meanwhile, the mechanical performance of the aluminum alloy is improved; according to the invention, the metallographic structure and the morphological characteristics of the aluminum alloy are improved together by combining heat treatment, laser treatment and chemical etching, so that the superhydrophobic performance of the surface of the aluminum alloy is improved, and the mechanical performance of the aluminum alloy is also improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure spectrum of an original aluminum alloy sample according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure spectrum of a heat-treated aluminum alloy sample according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure of an aluminum alloy sample after laser treatment and chemical etching according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of distributed hardness values for an aluminum alloy according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a contact angle of an aluminum alloy surface according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to solve the problems of complex process and high preparation cost of the existing preparation method of the aluminum alloy super-hydrophobic surface, the invention provides a method for improving the super-hydrophobic performance of the aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out solid solution treatment on the aluminum alloy at 480-510 ℃ to obtain solid-dissolved aluminum alloy;
s2: carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy after solid solution at the temperature of 160-200 ℃ to obtain an aged aluminum alloy;
s3: carrying out grinding and polishing treatment on the aged aluminum alloy to obtain a polished aluminum alloy;
s4: carrying out laser treatment on the polished aluminum alloy to obtain the aluminum alloy subjected to laser treatment;
s5: and chemically etching the aluminum alloy subjected to the laser treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy with the super-hydrophobic property.
Firstly, carrying out solution treatment on an aluminum alloy at a high temperature to dissolve alloy elements in the aluminum alloy into aluminum to obtain a supersaturated solid solution so as to improve the shaping and toughness of the aluminum alloy; and then carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy after solid solution, and eliminating the internal stress of the aluminum alloy through the aging treatment to improve the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy.
Polishing the aluminum alloy subjected to solid solution and aging heat treatment to improve the flatness of the surface of the aluminum alloy; then carrying out laser treatment on the polished aluminum alloy so as to process countless micro-scale crater-shaped structures on the surface of the aluminum alloy; and then the aluminum alloy after laser treatment is put into a chemical reagent for chemical etching, so that the appearance characteristics of the surface of the aluminum alloy are further changed, and a film with low surface energy is formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy, thereby improving the super-hydrophobic property of the aluminum alloy and obtaining the super-hydrophobic surface of the aluminum alloy.
The method for improving the superhydrophobic performance of the aluminum alloy comprises the steps of firstly carrying out heat treatment on the aluminum alloy by a solid solution and aging method, and then carrying out treatment on the heat-treated aluminum alloy by a laser and chemical etching method to obtain a superhydrophobic surface of the aluminum alloy; the preparation method is simple in preparation process and low in preparation cost, the structure performance of the aluminum alloy is improved by introducing a heat treatment process in the preparation process, and the super-hydrophobic performance of the aluminum alloy is improved, so that the super-hydrophobic surface is formed, and meanwhile, the mechanical performance of the aluminum alloy is improved; according to the invention, the metallographic structure and the morphological characteristics of the aluminum alloy are improved together by combining heat treatment, laser treatment and chemical etching, so that the superhydrophobic performance of the surface of the aluminum alloy is improved, and the mechanical performance of the aluminum alloy is also improved.
The aluminum alloy related in the invention can be any type of aluminum alloy, and particularly, the preferred aluminum alloy in the invention is prepared by a spray forming process, and the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2 percent of Si; 0.3 percent of Fe; 3.8-4.9% of Cu3; 1.2-1.8% of Mg; 0.3-0.9% of Mn0.3; 0.3 percent of Fe; 0.1 percent of Cr; 0.25 percent of Zn; the balance being Al.
Specifically, the structure characteristics and the component characteristics of the aluminum alloy prepared by the spray forming process are combined, and the contact angle of the surface of the aluminum alloy can be obviously increased and the super-hydrophobic surface is obviously enhanced by the method provided by the invention.
In order to ensure the smooth proceeding of the heat treatment, the time range of the solution treatment in the step S1 is 8-20 h; the time range of the aging treatment in the step S2 is 4-8 h.
In order to form an effective crater-shaped structure on the surface of the aluminum alloy in the laser processing process, the laser power of the laser processing in the step S4 is 0-30W, the scanning speed is 0-100 mm/S, the scanning pass is 1-3 times, and the scanning interval is 0-200 μm.
In the chemical etching process, the used solution is a stearic acid solution, wherein the concentration of the stearic acid solution is 2.9mol/L, and the chemical etching temperature is 36 ℃.
Specifically, the aluminum alloy is soaked in a stearic acid solution with the concentration of 2.9mol/L, and is subjected to chemical etching by keeping the temperature in a water bath at 36 ℃ for 2-3 h, wherein the following reactions occur in the process:
2Al+6(H2O)＝2Al(OH)3↓+3H2↑；
CH3(CH2)16COOH+Al(OH)3＝CH3(CH2)16COOAl(OH)2+H2O；
through the reaction, a film is formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy material, and the free energy of the surface of the aluminum alloy is reduced, so that the super-hydrophobic property of the surface of the aluminum alloy can be improved, and the super-hydrophobic surface of the aluminum alloy is obtained.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Example 1
The invention provides a method for improving the super-hydrophobic performance of an aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
s1: cutting the aluminum alloy material prepared by the spray forming process into aluminum alloy samples of 10mm multiplied by 10mm by adopting an electric spark wire cutting machine tool; carrying out solid solution treatment on the aluminum alloy sample for 8 hours at 480 ℃ to obtain a solid-dissolved aluminum alloy;
s2: carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy after solid solution at 160 ℃ for 4h to obtain an aged aluminum alloy;
s3: carrying out grinding and polishing treatment on the aged aluminum alloy, firstly, carrying out rough grinding on the aluminum alloy by using 600# to 800# abrasive paper in sequence, and rotating the aluminum alloy sample by 90 degrees in the rough grinding process and then grinding the aluminum alloy sample by using the next piece of abrasive paper; after the coarse polishing is finished, selecting 2000# to 3000# abrasive paper to perform fine polishing on the test sample; after fine grinding, mechanically polishing the aluminum alloy sample by using a W1.0 grinding paste to obtain a polished aluminum alloy;
s4: performing laser treatment on the polished aluminum alloy surface by using a laser marking machine, wherein the laser power is 24W, the scanning speed is 100mm/s, the scanning pass is 3 times, and the scanning interval is 200 mu m to obtain the aluminum alloy after the laser treatment;
s5: and (3) after the aluminum alloy subjected to laser treatment is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning, soaking an aluminum alloy sample in 2.9mol/L stearic acid solution, preserving heat for 2 hours under the condition of 36 ℃ water bath, and performing chemical modification to obtain the aluminum alloy with the super-hydrophobic performance.
The prepared aluminum alloy and the superhydrophobic surface of the aluminum alloy are detected, and the detection is shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, wherein figure 1 is a metallographic structure of an original sample before heat treatment, figure 2 is a metallographic structure of an aluminum alloy sample after solution treatment, figure 3 is a metallographic structure of an aluminum alloy sample after aging treatment, and comparison among figures 1, 2 and 3 shows that after solution treatment, the grains of the aluminum alloy sample are coarsened, the recrystallized structure is increased, and the structure is uniform; after further aging treatment, large-particle crystal grains in the aluminum alloy sample are reduced, and the spacing between the crystal grains is increased, so that the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy sample is improved.
The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy sample are detected, firstly, the brinell hardness of the polished aluminum alloy sample obtained in the step S3 and the brinell hardness of the aluminum alloy sample with the superhydrophobic surface obtained in the step S5 are respectively detected, as shown in fig. 4, wherein the test number 1 represents the polished aluminum alloy sample, the test number 2 represents the aluminum alloy sample with the superhydrophobic surface, and the average values of the brinell hardness of the samples of the numbers 1 and 2 are compared, so that the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy sample are improved after heat treatment, laser treatment and chemical etching.
The wettability of the surface of the aluminum alloy sample is tested, as shown in fig. 5, test number 1 is a contact angle of the surface of the polished aluminum alloy sample, and number 2 is a contact angle of the surface of the aluminum alloy sample obtained in step S5, and it can be known by comparing the contact angles corresponding to numbers 1 and 2, and after heat treatment, laser treatment and chemical etching, the contact angle of the surface of the aluminum alloy sample is significantly increased, thereby proving that the wettability of the surface of the aluminum alloy sample is improved, the superhydrophobic performance of the aluminum alloy is improved, and the superhydrophobic surface is prepared on the surface of the aluminum alloy.
Examples 2 to 5
In the method for improving the superhydrophobic performance of the aluminum alloy provided in embodiments 2 to 5, the temperatures for performing the solution treatment on the aluminum alloy sample in the step S1 are 485 ℃, 490 ℃, 495 ℃ and 510 ℃ respectively; the time of the solution treatment is respectively 10h, 14h, 18h and 20 h; in the step S2, the aging treatment temperature of the aluminum alloy sample is respectively 165 ℃, 170 ℃, 180 ℃ and 200 ℃; the time of the aging treatment is 5h, 6h, 7h and 8h respectively; other conditions were the same as in example 1.
The aluminum alloys with the super-hydrophobic property prepared in the examples 2 to 5 are respectively detected, and the mechanical property and the wettability of the aluminum alloy sample are detected, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, wherein test numbers 3 to 6 respectively represent the aluminum alloys with the super-hydrophobic property prepared in the examples 2 to 5, and as shown in fig. 4 and 5, after the heat treatment, the laser treatment and the chemical etching, the super-hydrophobic property of the aluminum alloy sample is improved, and the mechanical property is also improved.
Comparative example 1
S1: cutting the aluminum alloy material prepared by the spray forming process into aluminum alloy samples of 10mm multiplied by 10mm by adopting an electric spark wire cutting machine tool;
s2: carrying out grinding and polishing treatment on the aluminum alloy, firstly, carrying out rough grinding by adopting 600# to 800# abrasive paper in sequence, and in the rough grinding process, rotating the aluminum alloy sample by 90 degrees and then grinding by using the next piece of abrasive paper when scratches on the surface of the aluminum alloy sample are consistent; after the coarse polishing is finished, selecting 2000# to 3000# abrasive paper to perform fine polishing on the test sample; after fine grinding, mechanically polishing the aluminum alloy sample by using a W1.0 grinding paste to obtain a polished aluminum alloy;
s3: performing laser treatment on the polished aluminum alloy surface by using a laser marking machine, wherein the laser power is 24W, the scanning speed is 100mm/s, the scanning pass is 3 times, and the scanning interval is 200 mu m to obtain the aluminum alloy after the laser treatment;
s4: and (3) after the aluminum alloy subjected to laser treatment is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning, soaking the aluminum alloy sample in 2.9mol/L stearic acid solution, preserving heat for 2 hours under the condition of 36 ℃ water bath, and performing chemical modification to obtain the product aluminum alloy sample.
Detecting the product aluminum alloy sample prepared in the comparative example 1, and respectively detecting the mechanical property and the wettability of the product aluminum alloy sample, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, wherein a test number 7 represents the product aluminum alloy sample prepared in the comparative example, and as shown in fig. 4 and 5, after the aluminum alloy sample is subjected to laser treatment and chemical etching, although the contact angle of the surface of the prepared product aluminum alloy sample is improved, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy sample is poor; according to the method for improving the super-hydrophobic property of the aluminum alloy, the heat treatment process is combined with the laser treatment and the chemical etching, so that the super-hydrophobic property of the aluminum alloy sample is improved, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is also improved.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving the super-hydrophobic performance of an aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: carrying out solid solution treatment on the aluminum alloy at 480-510 ℃ to obtain solid-dissolved aluminum alloy;
s2: carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy subjected to solid solution at 160-200 ℃ to obtain an aged aluminum alloy;
s3: carrying out grinding and polishing treatment on the aged aluminum alloy to obtain a polished aluminum alloy;
s4: carrying out laser treatment on the polished aluminum alloy to obtain the aluminum alloy subjected to laser treatment;
s5: and chemically etching the aluminum alloy subjected to the laser treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy with the super-hydrophobic property.
2. The method for improving the superhydrophobic property of an aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy is prepared by a spray forming process.
3. The method for improving the superhydrophobic performance of the aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2 percent of Si; 0.3 percent of Fe; 3.8-4.9% of Cu; 1.2-1.8% of Mg; 0.3-0.9% of Mn; 0.3 percent of Fe; 0.1 percent of Cr; 0.25 percent of Zn; the balance being Al.
4. The method for improving the superhydrophobic property of the aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time of the solution treatment in the step S1 is in a range of 8h to 20 h.
5. The method for improving the superhydrophobic property of the aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time period of the aging treatment in the step S2 is in a range of 4h to 8 h.
6. The method for improving the superhydrophobic property of the aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser power of the laser treatment in the step S4 is 0-30W, the scanning rate is 0-100 mm/S, the number of scanning passes is 1-3, and the scanning pitch is 0-200 μm.
7. The method for improving the superhydrophobic property of the aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the solution for chemical etching is a stearic acid solution.
8. The method for improving the superhydrophobic performance of the aluminum alloy of claim 7, wherein the concentration of the stearic acid solution is 2.9 mol/L.
9. The method for improving the superhydrophobic property of the aluminum alloy of claim 8, wherein the temperature of the chemical etching is 36 ℃.
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| CN113001026A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-22 | 西安交通大学 | Method for preparing super-hydrophobic surface based on femtosecond laser and temperature control aging comprehensive regulation |
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Application publication date: 20191224 |