CN110603466B

CN110603466B - Glass structure comprising a lens and receiver comprising a lens

Info

Publication number: CN110603466B
Application number: CN201880029485.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高胜台; 金炳喆; 金润建; 李永周
Original assignee: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Current assignee: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-05-18
Filing date: 2018-05-14
Publication date: 2022-01-25
Anticipated expiration: 2038-05-14
Also published as: EP3598183B1; KR102381621B1; EP3598183A1; CN110603466A; KR20180126877A; US20210111495A1; EP3598183A4; WO2018212524A1; US11165163B2

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a communication technology for fusing an IoT technology with a 5G communication system to support a higher data transmission rate than a 4G system and a system thereof. Specifically, the present invention provides a glass structure comprising: glass formed to be transparent to radio waves; and a lens disposed at one side of the glass to change an incident angle of a radio wave incident to the one side of the glass.

Description

Glass structure comprising a lens and receiver comprising a lens

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus capable of improving a gain value of a receiver through a lens, and more particularly, to an apparatus capable of receiving radio waves from a base station radiating the radio waves at a fixed angle while minimizing loss of the gain value.

Background

In order to meet the demand for wireless data services that have increased since the deployment of 4G communication systems, efforts have been made to develop improved 5G or pre-5G communication systems. Accordingly, the 5G or pre-5G communication system is also referred to as a "Beyond 4G network" or a "Post LTE system". The 5G communication system is considered to be implemented in a higher frequency (mmWave) band (e.g., 60GHz band) in order to achieve a higher data rate. In order to reduce propagation loss of radio waves and increase transmission distance, beamforming, massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna, analog beamforming, massive antenna technology are discussed in the 5G communication system. In addition, in the 5G communication system, development for system network improvement is performed based on advanced small cells, cloud Radio Access Networks (RAN), ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D) communication, wireless backhaul, mobile networks, cooperative communication, coordinated multipoint (CoMP), reception side interference cancellation, and the like. In 5G systems, hybrid FSK and QAM modulation (FQAM) and Sliding Window Superposition Coding (SWSC) as Advanced Coding Modulation (ACM) and filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) as advanced access techniques have been developed.

The internet is evolving from a human-centric connected network of human-generated and consumed information to the internet of things (IoT), where distributed entities such as things exchange or process information without human intervention. Internet of everything (IoE) has emerged that combines big data processing technology with internet of things technology through a connection with a cloud server. In order to implement the internet of things, technical elements such as "sensing technology", "wired/wireless communication and network infrastructure", "service interface technology", and "security technology" are required. Therefore, research has recently been conducted on sensor networks, machine-to-machine (M2M), and Machine Type Communication (MTC). Such IoT environments can provide intelligent Internet Technology (IT) services that create new value for human life by collecting and analyzing data generated from connected things. The internet of things can be applied to various fields including smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, smart cars or networked cars, smart grids, healthcare, smart homes, and advanced medical services through fusion and combination between existing Information Technology (IT) and various industrial applications.

Accordingly, various attempts are being made to apply the 5G communication system to the IoT network. For example, technologies such as sensor networks, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, and Machine Type Communication (MTC) may be implemented through beamforming, MIMO, and array antennas. An application of a cloud radio access network (cloud RAN), which is the above-described big data processing technology, may be regarded as an example of fusion between the 5G technology and the IoT technology.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem

In the ultra high frequency band used by the 5G communication system, the gain value of the receiver may be rapidly changed according to the incident angle of the received radio wave. Therefore, in order to realize smooth 5G communication, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the incident angle of radio waves at the receiver.

In particular, in the case of an express train, the location of a base station is limited in a tunnel of the train, and the location of a receiver is also limited in a location where radio wave deterioration due to metal can be avoided. Therefore, the incident angle of the radio wave radiated from the base station to the receiver is fixed.

Accordingly, the present disclosure proposes a method of improving the gain value of a receiver by adjusting the fixed angle through the lens.

Means for solving the problems

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a glass structure may include: glass formed to transmit radio waves; and a lens that is disposed on one side of the glass and changes an incident angle at which the radio waves are incident on the one side of the glass.

The glass structure may further include a dielectric plate disposed between the glass and the lens and compensating for a transmission loss caused when the radio waves incident through the lens are transmitted through the glass.

The dielectric constant of the dielectric plate may be determined based on the dielectric constant and the thickness of the glass.

When an incident angle of the radio wave incident on the lens exceeds a predetermined reference value, the lens may change a phase value of the radio wave such that the incident angle of the radio wave incident on the glass is less than a predetermined reference value.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a train receiving radio waves radiated from a base station at a predetermined radiation angle may include: a lens disposed on an outer surface of a window of a train and changing an incident angle of the radio wave incident from the base station.

The train may further include a dielectric plate disposed between the window and the lens and compensating for a transmission loss caused when the radio wave incident through the lens is transmitted through the window.

The window may have a structure in which a first layer made of glass, a second layer made of a protective film, and a third layer made of glass are stacked in a direction from the inside of the train to the outside of the train, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric flat plate may be determined based on the dielectric constant of each of the glass and the protective film.

The lens may change a phase value of the radio wave radiated from the base station, thereby reducing an incident angle of the radio wave incident on the window.

The train may further include: a receiver disposed on an inner surface of the window of the train and receiving the radio wave from the base station, and the lens may reduce an incident angle of the radio wave incident on the window to transmit the radio wave to the receiver.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a train may include a receiver that receives radio waves radiated at a predetermined radiation angle from at least one base station. The receiver may include: an antenna array capable of transmitting and receiving the radio waves; and a lens arranged to be spaced apart from the antenna array at a predetermined interval. The lens may change an incident angle of the radio wave incident from the at least one base station.

The receiver may be disposed on a roof of the train, and the lens may change an incident angle of the radio wave radiated from the at least one base station to transmit the radio wave to the antenna array.

The receiver may be disposed on a front window of the train, and the lens may change an incident angle of a radio wave radiated from at least one base station to transmit the radio wave to the antenna array.

Advantageous effects of the invention

According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, even if the base station emits radio waves at a fixed angle, the incident angle of the radio waves can be adjusted at the receiver through the lens. Therefore, loss of the gain value of the receiver can be prevented.

In addition, communication between the base station and the receiver is allowed through the window of the train. This can prevent radio waves from being scattered by metal, thereby improving the gain value of the receiver.

In addition, applying the lens to the base station may expand the coverage of the base station.

Drawings

Fig. 1a is a graph showing the incident angle of radio waves of a receiver when a base station is disposed inside a train tunnel and the receiver is disposed on the roof of a train.

Fig. 1b is a graph showing the incident angle of the radio wave of the receiver when the base station is disposed inside the train tunnel and the receiver is disposed on the window of the train.

Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a case where a base station is disposed in a train tunnel and a receiver is disposed on a window of a train.

Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a structure in which a lens and a dielectric flat plate are disposed on a side window of a train according to the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 is a graph comparing gain values of a receiver when a lens is applied according to the present disclosure and when a lens is not applied according to the prior art.

Fig. 5 is a graph comparing gain values of a receiver when a dielectric slab is applied according to the present disclosure and when a dielectric slab is not applied according to the prior art.

Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a structure in which a receiver according to the present disclosure is disposed on the roof of a train.

Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the structure of a receiver disposed on the roof of a train according to the present disclosure.

Fig. 8 is a graph comparing gain values of a receiver when a lens is applied to the receiver according to the present disclosure and when the lens is not applied according to the related art.

Fig. 9a and 9b are diagrams illustrating a case where a receiver according to the present disclosure receives a radio wave of a base station through a front window of a train.

Fig. 10a, 10b, and 10c are diagrams illustrating a case where a lens according to the present disclosure is arranged in a base station.

Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating a comparison of a lens structure according to the present disclosure and a lens structure according to the related art.

Detailed Description

In the following description of the embodiments, a description of techniques that are well known in the art and are not directly related to the present invention is omitted. This is for clearly communicating the subject matter of the present invention by omitting any unnecessary explanation.

For the same reason, some elements in the drawings are enlarged, omitted, or schematically shown. In addition, the size of each element does not completely reflect the actual size. In the drawings, the same or corresponding elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.

Advantages and features of the present disclosure and manner of attaining them will become apparent with reference to the following detailed description of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. In order to fully disclose the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art, the present disclosure is limited only by the scope of the claims. In the present disclosure, like reference numerals are used to denote like constituent elements.

It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer usable or computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer usable or computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement the function specified in the flowchart block or blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.

Further, each block of the flowchart illustrations may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.

As used herein, the term "unit" refers to a software or hardware component or device, such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), that performs certain tasks. A unit may be configured to reside on the addressable storage medium and configured to execute on one or more processors. Thus, for example, a module or unit may include components, such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components and task components, processes, functions, attributes, procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuitry, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables. The functionality provided for in the components and units may be combined into fewer components and units or further separated into other components and modules. In addition, the components and units may be implemented as one or more Central Processing Units (CPUs) in an operating device or a secure multimedia card. Additionally, in an embodiment, the means may comprise one or more processors.

The radio waves used for 5G communication have strong straightness, and therefore it is important to create a communication environment as close as possible to a line of sight (LOS) environment. Therefore, as described above, technologies such as FD-MIMO have been introduced to perform smooth 5G communication, and beamforming technology is also one of important technologies in 5G communication.

In general, the beamforming technique artificially adjusts a beam direction by adjusting phases of a plurality of antenna elements. Phase values according to the desired direction are stored in a memory in advance, and a beam is generated by applying an appropriate phase value for the direction of the communicating party to the antenna element.

Thus, the base station can generate beams at various angles. The base station determines a beam having the best channel environment with the receiver from among the generated beams, thereby communicating with the receiver.

However, in special cases such as inside tunnels, the beamforming techniques described above may not be effective. For example, in the case of a tunnel through which a train travels, the turning radius of the tunnel is not large.

Particularly in the case of express trains, the turning radius of the tunnel is very small. For example, in the case of KTX, most rails are configured to be linear to prevent derailment due to high speed.

Thus, a special communication environment can be created between the base station located in the tunnel and the receiver arranged in the train. Such a communication environment will now be described with reference to fig. 1a and 1 b.

Fig. 1a is a graph showing the incident angle of radio waves of a receiver when a base station is arranged inside a train tunnel and the receiver is arranged on the roof of the train.

Specifically, fig. 1a shows the incident angle of a radio wave at a receiver when a beam transmitted by a base station is observed on an XY plane, and the incident angle of a radio wave at a receiver when a beam is observed on an XZ plane.

As shown in fig. 1a, most of the beam radiated from the base station is incident in a forward direction (i.e., X-axis direction) of the train proceeding regardless of a plane from which the base station is viewed.

Further, even if the emission angle of the beam radiated by the beam scanning operation of the base station is changed, the incident angle of the radio wave at the receiver does not greatly change.

The angle of incidence of the radio waves shown in fig. 1b is generally similar to the angle of incidence of the radio waves shown in fig. 1 a.

That is, the incident angle of the radio wave received at the receiver will maintain a constant angle regardless of whether the receiver is located on the roof or window of the train. In addition, the incident angle of a radio wave incident on a receiver has a similar value regardless of the transmission angle of a beam radiated from a base station.

That is, since the receiver always receives radio waves from the base station at a similar angle in a tunnel having a small radius of gyration, the base station may not need to perform a beam scanning operation to find a beam having a better channel environment. In addition, the receiver may not need to analyze information about the beam received from the base station and then send the analyzed information back to the base station.

That is, the base station always transmits a beam at a fixed angle within the tunnel, and the receiver can receive the beam and thus communicate with the base station. Therefore, an operation such as beam scanning is not required in communication between the base station and the train within the tunnel, so that a communication process between the base station and the train can be more simplified as compared with the prior art.

However, since the base station radiates radio waves in only one fixed direction within the tunnel as described with reference to fig. 1a and 1b, the receiver may need to change its structure to receive the radio waves.

Therefore, the present disclosure proposes some structures of the receiver considering such a special case (i.e., a case where the base station radiates the beam only at a fixed or predetermined radiation angle).

Specifically, the first proposed structure of the receiver is to consider the case where the receiver is disposed on a side window of a train. In addition, a second proposed structure of the receiver is to consider a case where the receiver is disposed on the roof of the train. Finally, a third proposed structure of the receiver is to consider the case where the receiver is disposed on the front window of the train.

Although this disclosure presents some configurations of receivers arranged in a train, the scope of this disclosure is not so limited. The receiver structure of the present disclosure can be applied to any communication environment in which a base station can communicate with a receiver even if the base station radiates a beam at a fixed angle without performing the beam scanning operation as described above.

For example, the receiver structure according to the present disclosure may also be applied to a vehicle entering a tunnel having a small turning radius.

As described above, the base station 220 may be disposed on both sides inside the tunnel. (this is merely exemplary, however-alternatively, the base station may be located in the center of the top of the tunnel, or only on one side of the interior of the tunnel).

The receiver 210 may be disposed on a window on the side of the train 200. As shown in fig. 2, the receiver may be disposed in only one car of the train, and may also be disposed in two or more cars of the train.

However, since the frame of the train 200 generally includes metal, it is preferable to arrange the receiver 210 while avoiding the train frame from the viewpoint of improving the gain value of the receiver 210.

As shown in fig. 2, when the receiver 210 is disposed on the side window of the train 200, the angle at which the radio wave radiated from the base station reaches the window will be close to about 90 degrees as shown in fig. 1a and 1 b.

In this case, most of the radio waves radiated from the base station may be reflected without being transmitted through the window due to the characteristics of glass, which is a main material forming the window. Generally, when the incident angle exceeds 50 degrees, millimeter waves incident on the glass cannot transmit through the glass. (however, this is merely exemplary to aid in understanding the present disclosure, and thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto

Therefore, in order to solve such a problem, the present disclosure provides a solution to arrange a lens on a window of a train, and will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to fig. 3.

Generally, a window formed in a train or vehicle may include two

glass layers

310 and 330 and a protective film layer 320, as shown in fig. 3.

The protective film layer 320 not only adheres the two

glass layers

310 and 330 to each other, but also increases the stiffness of the vehicle window. In addition, the protective film 320 may prevent glass fragments from scattering inside or outside the train even if the glass layer is broken by impact. In general, the protective film layer 320 may be formed of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).

As described above, the incident angle of the radio wave incident on the outer surface of the window is about 85 degrees. However, as described above, most of radio waves incident at an incident angle of 85 degrees cannot penetrate glass due to the physical characteristics of the glass forming the window.

Accordingly, the present disclosure proposes a lens 350, which lens 350 is disposed on an outer surface of a window and is capable of changing an incident angle of a radio wave received from a base station so that the radio wave can transmit the window and then reach a receiver disposed on an inner surface of the window.

Specifically, if the incident angle of the radio wave exceeds a predetermined reference value, the lens 350 changes the incident angle of the radio wave by changing the phase value of the radio wave so that the incident angle of the radio wave incident on the window is smaller than the predetermined reference value.

In the above example, if the radio wave radiated from the base station is incident on the lens 350 at an incident angle of 85 degrees, the lens 350 may change the incident angle of the incident radio wave to about 50 degrees or less.

The more the incident angle through the lens 350 decreases, the more the amount of radio waves transmitted through the glass can increase. Conversely, as the angle of incidence decreases, the size of the occasional reflected radio waves decreases. Therefore, it may be necessary to reduce the incident angle of the radio wave in consideration of the variation in the amplitude of the radio wave according to the incident angle of the radio wave.

The lens 350 is formed with a pattern therein to change a phase value of a radio wave incident on the lens 350, thereby enabling to freely change an incident angle of the radio wave. That is, the pattern size or the pattern interval may be adjusted according to the designer's needs, so that the incident angle of the beam incident through the lens 350 may be freely changed. In particular, according to the present disclosure, a plurality of pattern units having different degrees of phase compensation may be formed in the lens 350 to change an incident angle of a radio wave incident on the lens.

Fig. 11 shows a comparison between a lens structure according to the prior art and a lens structure according to the present disclosure.

According to the prior art, the lens has a lens phase curve shape of a symmetrical parabolic structure, and the center of the lens coincides with the center of the antenna. Therefore, the beam angle after the transmission lens maintains the same angle as the antenna beam angle.

In contrast, the lens according to the present disclosure has a lens phase curve shape of an asymmetric parabolic structure, and the center of the lens is different from the center of the antenna. Therefore, the beam angle after the transmission lens is different from the antenna beam angle. Thereby, the incident angle of the beam can be changed.

Thus, merely disposing the lens 350 on the window allows the incident angle of the radio waves incident on the window to be changed, so that the radio waves can transmit through the window and be emitted to a receiver disposed inside the window. Thus, a communication network may be formed between the base station and the receiver.

Meanwhile, the present disclosure also proposes a dielectric plate 340, the dielectric plate 340 being disposed between the window and the lens 350 to compensate for a loss of a gain value of radio waves due to dielectric constants of the glass layers 310 and 330 and the protective film layer 320 constituting the window.

In particular, the dielectric plate 340 may be used to compensate for gain loss due to transmission of the window by changing the dielectric constant of radio waves incident through the lens. The dielectric constant of the dielectric plate 340 may be determined based on the dielectric constant and the thickness of each of the glass layers and the protective film layers constituting the vehicle window.

According to the graph shown in fig. 4, when the incident angle on the window is 85 degrees and when the lens is applied to the window, the gain value is improved by about 10dB or more compared to the case where the lens is not applied.

Also, as shown in fig. 5, when the incident angle is between about 40 degrees and about 50 degrees, compensation of a loss of gain value of about 5dB or more occurs in the case of applying the dielectric plate, compared to the case of not applying the dielectric plate. (it is confirmed in fig. 5 that the reason for the incident angle between 40 degrees and 50 degrees is that an optimum gain value can be expected when the incident angle of the radio wave incident on the glass is in the range of 40 degrees to 50 degrees as described above.)

Therefore, according to the present disclosure, when the lens and the dielectric plate are disposed on the window, even if the receiver is disposed on the side window of the train, communication with the base station can be smoothly performed. In particular, the receiver structure according to the present disclosure is equally applicable to a 5G communication system using millimeter waves having strong straightness.

In particular, if it is possible to arrange the receiver on the inner surface of the side window of the train according to the present disclosure, it may be considered to arrange the receiver on the window of each car of the train and also arrange a router connected to the receiver in a wired or wireless manner in each car so as to provide a wireless network for the passenger.

Further, it may be considered to arrange the receiver on the window of only one car of the train, and also to arrange a router connected to the receiver in a wired or wireless manner in each car. This can provide a wireless network for all passengers on the train while minimizing the number of receivers.

Meanwhile, a communication network may be formed in various ways other than the above, and thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The scope of the present disclosure will extend to any modifications that may be suitably made by those skilled in the art.

In this structure, radio waves do not have to penetrate the glass, contrary to the above-described structure in which the receiver is disposed on the inner surface of the window. In addition, as shown in fig. 1a, since the incident angle of the radio wave received by the receiver may be close to zero degrees, a lens for changing the incident angle of the radio wave may not be required.

Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 6, a base station 620 for uplink and a base station 630 for downlink may be disposed together within a tunnel. In this case, the receiver 610 disposed on the roof of the train 600 may also use a base station disposed in a direction opposite to the traveling direction of the train.

For example, even if the train 600 travels on the uplink, it can receive radio waves from the downlink base station 630 and the uplink base station 620. That is, using radio waves of both the uplink base station 620 and the downlink base station 630 can increase the gain value of the receiver 610.

However, since uplink base station 620 and downlink base station 630 are disposed at different positions within the tunnel, receiver 610 may receive radio waves from uplink base station 620 and downlink base station 630 at different incident angles.

Therefore, in order to communicate with the uplink base station 620 and the downlink base station 630, the receiver 610 disposed on the roof of the train 600 should be able to receive radio waves formed within the angle θ between the uplink base station 620 and the downlink base station 630.

Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the structure of a receiver disposed on the roof of a train according to the present disclosure. The receiver may be comprised of an antenna array 710 and a lens 720. The antenna array 710 may include a plurality of antenna elements, and may receive radio waves radiated from a base station through the plurality of antenna elements.

The lens 720 shown in fig. 7 may have a similar structure to the lens shown in fig. 3. That is, the incident angle of the radio wave incident through the lens may be changed by the pattern formed on the lens 720, so that the receivable angle of the radio wave at the antenna array 710 may be widened by the lens 720.

It is desirable that the receivable angle of the receiver widened by the lens 720 has a maximum value corresponding to the above-described value θ. If the value of the receivable angle exceeds the value theta, the gain value of the receiver may be lowered.

When no lens is applied according to the related art, it is impossible to receive radio waves from both the uplink base station and the downlink base station. Therefore, the gain value of the receiver is unchanged compared to the case where the radio wave is received from only one base station.

In contrast, according to the present disclosure, arranging a lens in the receiver to pass the receivable angle of the receiver allows the receiver to receive radio waves from both the uplink base station and the downlink base station. Therefore, as shown in fig. 8, the gain value of the receiver as a whole can be improved.

Therefore, if a receiver can be disposed on the roof of a train according to the present disclosure, it may be considered to dispose a receiver including a lens on the roof of each car of the train and also dispose a router connected to the receiver in a wired or wireless manner in each car so as to provide a wireless network for passengers.

Further, it may be considered to dispose a receiver including a lens only on the roof of one car of the train, and also dispose a router connected to the receiver in a wired or wireless manner in each car. This can provide a wireless network for all passengers on the train while minimizing the number of receivers.

In particular, fig. 9a shows a receiver structure in which the lens and the dielectric slab are separated from each other, and fig. 9b shows a receiver structure in which the lens and the dielectric slab are combined with each other.

The structure shown in fig. 9a and 9b is substantially similar to the structure described above in which the receiver is arranged on the side window of the train.

Thus, in the receiver structure shown in fig. 9a, the radio wave incident through the front window 930 of the train can compensate for the loss of the gain value due to the glass penetration because the radio wave transmits the dielectric plate 920, and the radio wave transmitted through the dielectric plate 920 will be transmitted to the receiver 900 through the lens 910 located in front of the receiver 900. Therefore, in the structure shown in fig. 9a, the gain value can be improved by about 10dB or more as in the above-described structure.

On the other hand, in the receiver structure shown in fig. 9b, the combination of the lens 910 and the dielectric plate 920 is combined with the front window 930 of the train. In this structure, the lens 910 and the dielectric plate 920 may be separately formed as shown in fig. 9b, and optionally, the dielectric plate 920 may also perform the function of the lens 910 by a metal pattern added to the dielectric plate 920.

If the receiver can be disposed on the front window of the train according to the above-described structure, it can be considered to dispose a router connected with the receiver by wire or wirelessly in each car of the train so as to provide a wireless network for all passengers in the train.

Meanwhile, the communication network may be formed in various ways other than the above, and thus the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited to the above-described embodiments. The scope of the present disclosure will extend to any modifications that may be suitably made by those skilled in the art.

According to the present disclosure, lenses may be arranged in the base station as well as in the receiver. Specifically, fig. 10a shows a case where the lens 1020 is arranged outside the base station 1000 in which the antenna 1010 is embedded along the beam radiation direction.

Fig. 10b shows a case where the lens 1020 is arranged inside the base station 1000 to face the beam radiated from the antenna 1010. Further, fig. 10c shows a case where the lens 1020 is arranged on one side of the base station 1000 to face the beam radiated from the antenna 1010.

As described above, the lens 1020 can freely adjust the radiation angle and the gain value of the radio wave radiated through the lens 1020 according to the pattern formed in the lens 1020. Accordingly, appropriately using the lens 1020 may improve only the gain value while maintaining the radiation angle of the beam radiated from the antenna 1010.

Thus, according to the present disclosure, the coverage of the base station can be extended by arranging the lens in the base station. This can reduce the number of installed base stations, which is advantageous in terms of maintenance and installation costs of the base stations.

Meanwhile, according to a certain embodiment of the present disclosure, a plurality of base stations may be arranged inside a tunnel. For example, the first base station, the second base station, and the third base station may be arranged from an entrance of the tunnel to an exit of the tunnel.

That is, the receiver arranged in the train entering the tunnel may communicate with the first base station first, and then sequentially communicate with the second base station and the third base station.

In this case, when the receiver initially communicates with the first base station, the first base station may transmit preparation request information to the second base station indicating that the second base station will soon communicate with the receiver of the train. The preparation request information may include channel information between the first base station and the receiver of the train.

Thereafter, when the receiver communicates with the second base station, the second base station may also transmit similar preparation request information containing channel information between the second base station and the receiver. Thus, the second base station and the third base station may prepare for communication before communicating with the receiver.

Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 2 and 6, the base station according to the present disclosure may transmit radio waves toward both the entrance and the exit of the tunnel. That is, when a receiver exists between the first base station and the second base station while the train is moving, the receiver of the train can receive radio waves from each of the first base station and the second base station.

In this case, the gain value of the receiver is larger than in the other case where the receiver receives radio waves from only one base station. Therefore, an advantageous communication environment can be constructed.

Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein, but should be determined by the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. In addition, each of the above embodiments may be combined with each other, if necessary. For example, such embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined, at least in part, for operation of a base station and a receiver. Although the above embodiments are described based on an LTE system, such embodiments and any modifications thereof may also be implemented in other systems such as a 5G or NR system.

Claims

1. A glass structure, the glass structure comprising:

glass formed to transmit radio waves; and

a lens disposed on one side of the glass and changing an incident angle at which the radio waves are incident on the one side of the glass, and

wherein the lens has a lens phase curve shape of an asymmetric parabolic structure, and a center of the lens is different from a center of the antenna.

2. The glass structure of claim 1, further comprising:

a dielectric plate disposed between the glass and the lens and compensating for a transmission loss caused when the radio waves incident through the lens are transmitted through the glass.

3. The glass structure of claim 2, wherein the dielectric constant of the dielectric slab is determined based on the dielectric constant of the glass and the thickness of the glass.

4. The glass structure according to claim 1, wherein the lens changes the phase value of the radio wave when an incident angle of the radio wave incident on the lens exceeds a predetermined reference value so that the incident angle of the radio wave incident on the glass is smaller than the predetermined reference value.

5. A train that receives radio waves radiated at a predetermined radiation angle from a base station, the train comprising:

a lens disposed on an outer surface of a window of a train and changing an incident angle of the radio wave incident from the base station, and

6. The train of claim 5, further comprising:

a dielectric plate disposed between the window and the lens and compensating for a transmission loss caused when the radio waves incident through the lens are transmitted through the window.

7. The train according to claim 6, wherein the window has a structure in which a first layer made of glass, a second layer made of a protective film, and a third layer made of glass are stacked in a direction from an inside of the train to an outside of the train, and

wherein the dielectric constant of the dielectric plate is determined based on the dielectric constant of each of the glass and the protective film.

8. The train according to claim 5, wherein the lens changes a phase value of the radio wave radiated from the base station so as to reduce an incident angle of the radio wave incident on the window.

9. The train of claim 5, further comprising:

a receiver disposed on an inner surface of the window of the train and receiving the radio wave from the base station,

wherein the lens reduces an incident angle of the radio wave incident on the window to transmit the radio wave to the receiver.

10. A train, the train comprising:

a receiver that receives radio waves radiated from at least one base station at a predetermined radiation angle,

wherein the receiver comprises: an antenna array capable of transmitting and receiving the radio waves; and a lens arranged to be spaced apart from the antenna array at a predetermined interval,

wherein the lens changes an incident angle of the radio wave incident from the at least one base station, and

11. The train according to claim 10, wherein the receiver is disposed on a roof of the train, and the lens changes an incident angle of the radio wave radiated from the at least one base station to transmit the radio wave from a plurality of base stations to the antenna array.

12. The train according to claim 10, wherein the receiver is disposed on a front window of the train, and the lens changes an incident angle of the radio wave radiated from the at least one base station to transmit the radio wave from a plurality of base stations to the antenna array.