CN110602718A - Heterogeneous cellular network power distribution method and system based on alternative direction multiplier method - Google Patents

Heterogeneous cellular network power distribution method and system based on alternative direction multiplier method Download PDF

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CN110602718A
CN110602718A CN201910952789.3A CN201910952789A CN110602718A CN 110602718 A CN110602718 A CN 110602718A CN 201910952789 A CN201910952789 A CN 201910952789A CN 110602718 A CN110602718 A CN 110602718A
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power
power distribution
optimal
channel
model
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CN110602718B (en
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王雪
刘京
钱志鸿
冯一诺
李京杭
毕晶
孙佳妮
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/22—Traffic simulation tools or models
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0473—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being transmission power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/541—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using the level of interference
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/542—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using measured or perceived quality
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and discloses a heterogeneous cellular network power distribution method and system based on an alternative direction multiplier method, wherein channel gains from a user terminal to each cellular base station on different channels are calculated, a primary power distribution problem model is established according to the system capacity optimization, and the maximum throughput power of the whole network on each channel is obtained by a Lagrange multiplier method; establishing a power distribution model by taking the obtained maximum throughput power as a limiting condition and taking the optimal energy efficiency as a target; and solving an optimal power distribution scheme by adopting an alternative direction multiplier method based on the established power distribution model. The invention solves the problem of how to select the optimal power under different channels aiming at different user terminals in the heterogeneous cellular network environment, so that the energy efficiency of the whole system is optimal. The invention not only can rapidly and effectively calculate the power distribution scheme with optimal energy, but also can improve the working efficiency of the system.

Description

Heterogeneous cellular network power distribution method and system based on alternative direction multiplier method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a heterogeneous cellular network power distribution method and system based on an alternative direction multiplier method. In particular to a power distribution method for a heterogeneous cellular network with optimal energy efficiency based on an alternating direction multiplier method.
Background
Currently, the closest prior art:
with the development of wireless communication technology, a large number of networks with different standards gradually emerge, including a heterogeneous cellular network including a large cellular base station and a small cellular base station, that is, the heterogeneous cellular network refers to a hybrid network including a macro base station and low power nodes, and the low power nodes can be deployed by users themselves, so that the wireless communication network has the advantages of flexibility, full coverage, low power consumption, low maintenance cost and the like. However, with the requirement of green communication, energy efficiency must be a major consideration in future life, and thus how to provide optimal channel power for cell users is becoming a hot issue.
There are many studies on power allocation of heterogeneous cellular networks, and many different power allocation algorithms are proposed. The existing power distribution algorithm mainly comprises an intelligent algorithm or a game theory method, the solutions of the methods are discrete, the obtained approximate value of the optimal power is obtained, the convex optimization-based mathematical algorithm of the power distribution scheme can be accurately obtained through a continuous method, but the maximum throughput is the target, the iteration speed is too slow, and the efficiency is low. Therefore, how to provide an efficient power allocation method based on energy efficiency is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows:
(1) in the prior art, in a heterogeneous cellular network environment, the effect of optimizing the energy efficiency of the whole system is poor under different channels for different user terminals, and the existing power allocation method has too low iteration speed in the data processing of the heterogeneous cellular network, which causes low processing efficiency of network related data information.
(2) In the prior art, a method of game theory is used for solving the established power distribution problem. Although this method can be implemented, it has the disadvantage that they divide the available range of powers into blocks before calculation, i.e. discretize the value of the power range, and then pick out the power that optimizes the target problem result from many different levels of power through the idea of gaming. Thus, there may be a situation where when they divide the available range of power into discrete values, the optimal power value is just crossed, and an optimal power allocation scheme cannot be obtained, so that the same-layer interference and cross-layer interference are best avoided, and thus the best energy saving is achieved.
(3) In the prior art, a general problem model of power distribution is that the established problem model is that the network rate is optimal or the system throughput is the maximum, the target is single and is not in accordance with the development trend of green energy conservation, the use duration of each terminal is greatly shortened at the cost of high energy efficiency, the cost of a communication network is further improved, and environmental pollution is indirectly caused.
The difficulty of solving the technical problems is as follows:
(1) the existing power allocation method has too low iteration speed in the data processing of the heterogeneous cellular network, so that the processing efficiency of network related data information is low, breakthrough innovation needs to be carried out on the solution method, the conventional problem model building thought is broken through, and a more appropriate problem solution is searched.
(2) In order to avoid finding the optimal power value in a discrete power range, a convex optimization mathematical solution mode can be used, but a large number of calculation processes exist in finding the optimal power distribution scheme in a continuous power range, how to design a fast and effective scheme to avoid redundant calculation processes, and how to design a fast and effective scheme to save energy for a system, which requires a deeper method for exploration.
(3) The energy efficiency is low when the power allocation scheme is obtained with the goal of optimal network rate or maximum system throughput, and meanwhile, when the energy efficiency is the goal, communication indexes such as the network rate or the system throughput are also considered, and meanwhile, balancing the optimization of the network rate or the system throughput is a completely new challenge.
The significance of solving the technical problems is as follows:
(1) the problem of complex iteration problem redundancy in the power distribution algorithm is solved, the calculation efficiency of the system can be greatly improved, the calculation time is saved, the time delay of power distribution is reduced, and the method has great positive significance for realizing real-time dynamic power distribution in the network state which continuously changes in the future.
(2) In the calculation process, if the iteration solving calculation power value is continuous, a power distribution scheme with the optimal target problem can be obtained certainly, the possibility that the optimal power value is crossed which cannot be considered to be avoided in the discrete segmentation process does not exist, and therefore the energy efficiency of the whole network system is optimal.
(3) The power distribution problem model is established with optimal energy efficiency, and meanwhile, the requirement of the communication network is met as far as possible without sacrificing network speed or system throughput, the power distribution accords with the development trend of green energy conservation, the service life of each terminal can be prolonged, the cost of the communication network is reduced, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a heterogeneous cellular network power distribution method and system based on an alternative direction multiplier method.
The invention aims to provide a heterogeneous cellular network power distribution method based on an alternative direction multiplier method, the overall method is low in complexity and high in iteration speed, and the method can obtain a power distribution scheme meeting the best energy efficiency, meet the communication requirements of users and effectively guarantee the service quality of the users.
The invention is realized in such a way that a heterogeneous cellular network power distribution method based on an alternating direction multiplier method comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a heterogeneous network model, and calculating the channel gain interference ratio of the user terminal to each cellular base station on different channels according to the channel fading model;
s2: establishing a preliminary power distribution problem model according to the optimal system throughput, and obtaining the maximum power of the throughput of the whole network on each channel by iterative solution of a Lagrange multiplier method;
s3: taking the power obtained in the S2 as a new limiting condition, and establishing a further power distribution model by taking the optimal energy efficiency as a target;
s4: constructing an augmented Lagrangian function according to the power distribution problem model in the step S3;
s5: the variables in the augmented lagrangian function obtained in S4 are alternately updated. The updating of the power value has no constraint requirement, and can be solved by adopting a classical iterative algorithm such as gradient descent or Newton method;
s6: and repeating the iteration execution S5 to converge or maximum iteration times by adopting an alternating direction multiplier method, and solving the optimal power distribution scheme.
Further, in step S1, the channel fading model is a fading model that follows the rayleigh channel; the channel gain interference ratio isWherein h iskThe k channel gains for different base stations to reach each user.
Further, in step S2, the preliminary power distribution problem model is established according to the system throughput optimization as follows:
wherein K is the number of n channels of the micro base station, B is the channel bandwidth,is the channel gain to interference ratio, ptotIs the total power that the base station can use to allocate to the channel.
Further, in step S3, the specific step of constructing a further power distribution model is:
defining the energy efficiency of the system as the sum of the throughput and the channel transmission power used in the ratio of all users in the system, and making the power of each cluster not greater than the power distributed by the classical water injection method according to the following expression:
further, the augmented lagrange function in step S4 is:
where η is the energy efficiency, λ is the lagrangian factor, and ρ is a constant.
Further, in step S5, the variables in the augmented lagrangian function obtained in S4 are alternately updated as follows:
the solution process of argminL has no constraint requirement, and can be solved by adopting gradient descent or Newton method.
Further, in the alternating direction multiplier algorithm of step S6, S5 is repeatedly iterated to converge to P or the maximum number of iterations, and the optimal power allocation scheme is found.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an information data processing terminal for implementing the power allocation method for the heterogeneous cellular network with optimal energy efficiency based on the alternative direction multiplier method.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method for power allocation for an energy-efficient heterogeneous cellular network based on an alternating direction multiplier method.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a power distribution system for a heterogeneous cellular network with optimal energy efficiency based on an alternating direction multiplier method, including:
the user terminal is distributed under a macro base station and a plurality of cellular micro base stations according to a distribution model of a Poisson process, and orthogonal resource blocks are distributed for each user terminal in advance according to a heterogeneous cellular network model before power distribution, so as to avoid interference, different users correspond to different resource blocks, and the user terminal is served by the base station or the micro base station providing the resource blocks. After the frequency resources are distributed, users adopting the same resource block can generate interference with each other in the downlink communication process, and a power distribution scheme which enables the overall network energy efficiency to be optimal is found by adopting a power resource distribution algorithm;
the method comprises the following steps that a plurality of cellular micro base stations calculate channel gains for serving users according to the distances from the users needing to be served to the cellular micro base stations in a heterogeneous cellular network model and a fading model of a Rayleigh channel, at the moment, a preliminary power distribution problem model is established optimally according to the throughput of a system, the power which reaches the maximum throughput of the whole network on each channel is obtained through Lagrange multiplier iteration solving, the power is taken as a new limiting condition, the energy efficiency is optimal as a target, a further power distribution model is established, an augmented Lagrange function is established, variables in the augmented Lagrange function are alternated, iteration is repeated until convergence or the maximum iteration times, the optimal power distribution scheme is obtained, at the moment, the micro base stations set the optimal channel power for user terminals served by the micro base stations, and therefore the energy efficiency of the whole system is optimal;
the macro base station also calculates the channel gain of each user according to the distance from each service user to the macro base station and the fading model of the Rayleigh channel in the heterogeneous cellular network model, and at the moment, a primary power distribution problem model is optimally established according to the system throughput. The Lagrange multiplier method is used for iterative solution to obtain the power which reaches the maximum throughput of the whole network on each channel, the power is used as a new limiting condition, the optimal energy efficiency is used as a target, a further power distribution model is established, an augmented Lagrange function is established, variables in the Lagrange function are updated alternately, iteration is repeated until convergence or the maximum iteration times, the optimal power distribution scheme is obtained, and the micro base stations set the optimal channel power for the user terminals served by the micro base stations at the moment, so that the energy efficiency of the whole system is optimal.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are:
the invention solves the problem of how to select the optimal power under different channels aiming at different user terminals in a heterogeneous cellular network environment to ensure that the energy efficiency of the whole system is optimal. The method can solve the problem of complex iteration problem redundancy in the power distribution algorithm, greatly improve the computing efficiency of the system, save the computing time, reduce the time delay of power distribution and have great positive significance for realizing real-time dynamic power distribution in the future constantly changing network state.
The invention provides the idea of adopting an alternating direction multiplier method, in the iterative computation process, the power of iterative computation is a continuous value, and the possibility that the optimal power value is crossed which cannot be considered to be avoided in the discrete segmentation process does not exist, so that the energy efficiency of the whole network system is optimal, and the accuracy of the distribution algorithm is improved. The method comprises the steps of establishing a heterogeneous cellular network model, establishing a preliminary power distribution problem model taking throughput as a target, thus preliminarily distributing power to ensure the communication quality of each user, then establishing a further energy efficiency model, simultaneously not sacrificing network speed or system throughput, taking the power distribution result of the previous step as a limiting condition, establishing an augmented Lagrange function, further carrying out iterative solution by using an alternative direction multiplier method until the power result is converged, thus obtaining the optimal power distribution meeting the system network, conforming to the development trend of environmental protection and energy conservation, prolonging the service life of each terminal, reducing the cost of the communication network and reducing environmental pollution.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a power allocation method for an optimal energy efficiency heterogeneous cellular network based on an alternating direction multiplier method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power allocation method for an optimal energy efficiency heterogeneous cellular network based on an alternating direction multiplier method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power distribution system for an optimal energy efficiency heterogeneous cellular network based on an alternating direction multiplier method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a user terminal; 2. a plurality of cellular micro base stations; 3. a macro base station.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the prior art, in a heterogeneous cellular network environment, the effect of optimizing the energy efficiency of the whole system is poor under different channels for different user terminals, and the existing power allocation method has too low iteration speed in the data processing of the heterogeneous cellular network, which causes low processing efficiency of network related data information.
In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and a system for power allocation in a heterogeneous cellular network based on an alternative direction multiplier method, which are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the power allocation method for an optimal energy efficiency heterogeneous cellular network based on an alternating direction multiplier method according to the embodiment of the present application includes the following steps:
s101: and constructing a heterogeneous network model, and calculating the channel gain interference ratio of the user terminal to each cellular base station on different channels according to the channel fading model.
S102: and (3) establishing a preliminary power distribution problem model according to the optimal system throughput, and obtaining the maximum power of the throughput of the whole network on each channel by iterative solution of a Lagrange multiplier method.
S103: and taking the power obtained in the step S102 as a new limiting condition, and establishing a further power distribution model by taking the energy efficiency optimization as a target.
S104: and constructing an augmented Lagrangian function according to the power distribution problem model in the step S103.
S105: the variables in the augmented lagrangian function obtained in S104 are alternately updated. Since the power value is updated in step S104 without a constraint requirement, the problem can be solved by a classical iterative algorithm such as gradient descent or newton' S method.
S106: and (5) repeatedly iterating and executing S105 to converge or the maximum iteration times by adopting an alternating direction multiplier method, and solving the optimal power distribution scheme.
In step S101, a heterogeneous network model is constructed, a set U of all users in the heterogeneous network is defined, and a gain-to-interference ratio from a user terminal i to each cellular base station on a channel k on different channels is calculated according to a channel fading model as follows:
where k refers to the number of all channels available to the user in the cellular network, hkChannel gain, p, obtained from a Rayleigh channel fading modelj,k is the maximum transmission power, σ, that a user can use on channel k2Is the noise generated during the transmission of the channel.
In step S102, a preliminary power distribution problem model is established according to the system throughput optimization as follows:
where K is the number of channels provided by the base station, B is the channel bandwidth,is the channel gain to interference ratio, ptotIs the total power that each base station can allocate. By constructing the Lagrangian function, a preliminary power allocation scheme can be solved iteratively.
In step S103, with the energy efficiency optimization as a target, a further power allocation model is established, in which the energy efficiency of the system is defined as the sum of the throughput and the channel transmission power used in the ratio of all users in the system, and the constraint condition is that the power of each cluster is not greater than the power allocated in step S2, and the expression is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,is the preliminary power allocation scheme found in step S102.
The augmented lagrange function in step S104 is:
where η is the energy efficiency, λ is the lagrangian factor, and ρ is a constant.
In step S105, the variables in the augmented lagrangian function obtained in S104 are alternately updated as follows:
in step S105, power P is applied at a timekThe update of (2) can be solved by adopting a gradient descent method or a Newton method because of no constraint requirement.
In step S106, the variable alternately updated in the alternate direction multiplier transmission is: p determined from step S105kAnd λkAnd repeatedly iterating and updating to the maximum iteration times or converging, wherein the obtained power distribution scheme is used as the optimal power distribution scheme.
To further illustrate the resulting optimal power allocation scheme, the following is exemplified:
for example, for a cellular base station m, which covers five users a, b, c, d, e, i.e. K is 5, the cellular base station m corresponds to five power P in the communication channels to the five usersa，Pb，Pc，Pd，PeSince the power of a general cellular micro base station is 0.1W, it is obvious that the restriction condition that five powers can be obtained is Pa+Pb+Pc+Pd+PeLess than or equal to 0.1, if power is distributed equally for five users at this time, i.e. Pa＝Pb＝Pc＝Pd＝PeAt 0.02, neither the total throughput nor the total energy efficiency of the system is optimal. At this time, in step S101, according to the distribution of the specific five users to the base station, the different channel gain interference ratios g of the five users can be obtained by analysis and calculationa,gb,gc,gd,geAssuming that the channel gain interference ratios of the five users a, b, c, d, and e are respectively 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4, and 0.5, the step S102 allocates more power to the user with better channel by calculation, for example, the five calculated power values are respectively 0.005W,0.006W,0.02W,0.03W, and 0.04W, and these five power values are used as the limiting conditions in the step S103. Namely, it is
s.t.pa≤0.005
pb≤0.006
pc≤0.02
pd≤0.03
pe≤0.04
The calculation of the remaining steps can obtain five power values of 0.006W,0.004W,0.018W,0.032W and 0.039W, which correspond to the power allocation scheme for maximizing the energy efficiency of the system, and the base station can be allowed to transmit signals to the users according to the set transmission power values.
Fig. 2 is a power allocation method principle for an optimal energy efficiency heterogeneous cellular network based on an alternating direction multiplier method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a power distribution system for a heterogeneous cellular network with optimal energy efficiency based on an alternative direction multiplier method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method comprises the following steps:
the user terminal 1, which is distributed under the macro base station and the plurality of cellular micro base stations according to the distribution model of the poisson process, allocates mutually orthogonal resource blocks to each user terminal in advance according to the heterogeneous cellular network model before power allocation, in order to avoid interference, different users correspond to different resource blocks, and are served by the base station or the micro base station providing the resource blocks. After the frequency resources are distributed, users adopting the same resource block can generate interference with each other in the downlink communication process, and a power distribution scheme which enables the overall network energy efficiency to be optimal is found by adopting a power resource distribution algorithm;
a plurality of cellular micro base stations 2, which calculate the channel gain of each user according to the distance from each user needing service to the user in a heterogeneous cellular network model and the fading model of Rayleigh channel, at the moment, optimally establish a preliminary power distribution problem model according to the system throughput, iteratively solve by a Lagrange multiplier method to obtain the maximum power of the throughput of the whole network on each channel, use the maximum power as a new limiting condition and the optimal energy efficiency as a target, establish a further power distribution model, construct an augmented Lagrange function, alternate variables in the Lagrange function, repeat iteration to convergence or maximum iteration times, and obtain the optimal power distribution scheme, at the moment, set the optimal channel power for the user terminals served by the micro base stations, thereby optimizing the energy efficiency of the whole system;
the macro base station 3 also calculates the channel gain of each user according to the distance from each service user to the macro base station and the rayleigh channel fading model in the heterogeneous cellular network model, and at this time, a preliminary power distribution problem model is established according to the system throughput, and different from the micro base station, because one considered communication network model only contains one macro base station, the user terminal served by the macro base station is only interfered by cross layers from other micro base stations, and has no same-layer interference. The Lagrange multiplier method is used for iterative solution to obtain the power which reaches the maximum throughput of the whole network on each channel, the power is used as a new limiting condition, the optimal energy efficiency is used as a target, a further power distribution model is established, an augmented Lagrange function is established, variables in the Lagrange function are updated alternately, iteration is repeated until convergence or the maximum iteration times, the optimal power distribution scheme is obtained, and the micro base stations set the optimal channel power for the user terminals served by the micro base stations at the moment, so that the energy efficiency of the whole system is optimal.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The power distribution method for the heterogeneous cellular network with the optimal energy efficiency based on the alternative direction multiplier method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
calculating the channel gain from the user terminal to each cellular base station on different channels, optimally establishing a primary power distribution problem model according to the system capacity, and obtaining the maximum throughput power of the whole network on each channel by a Lagrange multiplier method; establishing a power distribution model by taking the obtained maximum throughput power as a limiting condition and taking the optimal energy efficiency as a target; and solving an optimal power distribution scheme by adopting an alternative direction multiplier method based on the established power distribution model.
2. The method for power allocation to the optimal energy-efficiency heterogeneous cellular network based on the alternative direction multiplier method according to claim 1, wherein the method for power allocation to the optimal energy-efficiency heterogeneous cellular network based on the alternative direction multiplier method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing a heterogeneous network model, and calculating the channel gain interference ratio of a user terminal to each cellular base station on different channels according to a channel fading model;
step two, establishing a preliminary power distribution problem model according to the optimal system throughput, and obtaining the maximum power of the throughput of the whole network on each channel by iterative solution of a Lagrange multiplier method;
step three, taking the power obtained in the step two as a new limiting condition, and establishing a further power distribution model by taking the optimal energy efficiency as a target;
step four, constructing an augmented Lagrangian function according to the power distribution problem model in the step three;
step five, alternately updating the variables in the augmented Lagrange function obtained in the step four;
and step six, adopting an alternating direction multiplier method, repeatedly and iteratively executing the step five to converge or maximum iteration times, and solving the optimal power distribution scheme.
3. The power allocation method for the heterogeneous cellular network with optimal energy efficiency based on the alternative direction multiplier method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step one, a heterogeneous network model is constructed, a set U of all users in the heterogeneous network is defined, and a gain-to-interference ratio from the user terminal i to each cellular base station on a channel k on different channels is calculated according to a channel fading model and defined as:
where k refers to the number of all channels available to the user in the cellular network, hkChannel gain, p, obtained from a Rayleigh channel fading modelj,kIs the maximum transmission power, σ, used by the user on channel k2Is the noise generated during the transmission of the channel.
4. The power allocation method for the heterogeneous cellular network with optimal energy efficiency based on the alternative direction multiplier method according to claim 2, wherein in the second step, the preliminary power allocation problem model is established according to the optimal system throughput as follows:
wherein K is the base station providesThe number of channels, B is the channel bandwidth,is the channel gain to interference ratio, ptotIs the total power that each base station can allocate; and (4) constructing a Lagrange function, and iteratively solving a preliminary power distribution scheme.
5. The power allocation method for the energy-efficient heterogeneous cellular network based on the alternative direction multiplier method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step three, with the goal of energy efficiency optimization, a further power allocation model is established by defining the energy efficiency of the system as the sum of the throughputs of all users in the system and the channel transmission power used in the ratio, with the constraint condition that the power of each cluster is not greater than the power allocated in step S2, and the expression is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,and D, the preliminary power distribution scheme obtained in the step two.
6. The method for power allocation for an optimal energy efficiency heterogeneous cellular network based on the alternative direction multiplier method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the augmented lagrangian function in step four is:
where η is the energy efficiency, λ is the lagrangian factor, and ρ is a constant.
7. The method for power allocation to the heterogeneous cellular network with optimal energy efficiency based on the alternative direction multiplier method according to claim 2, wherein in the fifth step, the variables in the augmented lagrangian function obtained in the fourth step of the alternative updating are respectively:
power per time PkThe updating is carried out by adopting a gradient descent method or a Newton method without the constraint requirement;
in step six, P is determined from step fivekAnd λkAnd repeatedly iterating and updating to the maximum iteration times or converging to obtain the power distribution scheme which is used as the optimal power distribution scheme.
8. An information data processing terminal for implementing the power allocation method for the heterogeneous cellular network with optimal energy efficiency based on the alternative direction multiplier method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method for energy-efficiency-optimized heterogeneous cellular network-oriented power allocation based on the alternating direction multiplier method according to any of claims 1-7.
10. The power distribution system for the optimal energy efficiency heterogeneous cellular network based on the alternative direction multiplier method, which is used for implementing the power distribution method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, is characterized by comprising:
the user terminal is distributed under a macro base station and a plurality of cellular micro base stations according to a distribution model of a Poisson process, and is used for distributing mutually orthogonal resource blocks for each user terminal in advance according to a heterogeneous cellular network model before power distribution is carried out, wherein different users correspond to different resource blocks and receive service of the base station or the micro base station providing the resource blocks; after the frequency resources are distributed, when users adopting the same resource block interfere with each other in the downlink communication process, a power resource distribution algorithm is adopted to obtain a power distribution scheme which enables the overall network energy efficiency to be optimal;
the method comprises the following steps that a plurality of cellular micro base stations calculate channel gains for serving users according to distances between the cellular micro base stations and the users needing service in a heterogeneous cellular network model and according to a fading model of a Rayleigh channel, a preliminary power distribution problem model is established according to the optimal system throughput, the power which reaches the maximum throughput of the whole network on each channel is obtained through Lagrange multiplier iteration solution, the obtained power with the maximum throughput is used as a new limiting condition, a further power distribution model is established by taking the optimal energy efficiency as a target, an augmented Lagrange function is established, variables in the augmented Lagrange function are alternated, iteration is repeated until convergence or the maximum iteration times, the optimal power distribution scheme is obtained, meanwhile, the optimal channel power is set for a user terminal, and the energy efficiency of the whole system is optimal;
the macro base station calculates the channel gain of each user according to the distance between the macro base station and each service user in the heterogeneous cellular network model and the fading model of the Rayleigh channel, optimally establishes a preliminary power distribution problem model according to the system throughput, obtains the power which reaches the maximum throughput of the whole network on each channel through the Lagrange multiplier method iteration solution, establishes a further power distribution model by taking the power with the maximum throughput as a new limiting condition and taking the energy efficiency optimal as a target, establishes an augmented Lagrange function, alternately updates the variable in the augmented Lagrange function, repeats iteration until convergence or the maximum iteration times, and obtains the optimal power distribution scheme.
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