CN110601255B - Island micro-grid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control system and method - Google Patents
Island micro-grid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control system and method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract
The invention provides an island micro-grid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control system, which comprises a secondary voltage and frequency control module, a power control module, a voltage and current controller, an alternating current converter, a voltage reduction module and an output connector, wherein the voltage reduction module is connected with the output connector; the invention also provides a control method of the system, wherein the power control module obtains a frequency which enables each module in the system to be coordinated and consistent under the action of the secondary voltage and the frequency control signal generated by the secondary voltage and frequency control module, and outputs a stable voltage through the voltage-current controller; the external power grid is connected with the alternating current converter of the island micro-grid through the transformer, and the voltage-current controller outputs stable voltage to the alternating current converter, so that the island micro-grid can convert energy at any time and any place; the output connector is connected with the LCL filter, so that the accurate voltage reduction of the output voltage of the system is realized, the stability of the frequency and the voltage of the micro-grid is maintained, and the reliability and the robustness of the micro-grid control are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro-grid technology application, in particular to an island micro-grid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control system and an island micro-grid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control method.
Background
Island micro-grid is a small power generation and distribution system with distributed arrangement. Due to the existence of regional differences and diversity in real life, small power generation systems such as island micro-grids are ubiquitous. The micro-grid is an autonomous system capable of realizing self-control, protection and management, and can be operated in a grid-connected mode with an external power grid or in an island mode. The scale of each type of distributed power supply and energy storage device in the micro-grid is large in variability, and the working conditions to which the micro-grid is adapted depend on practical operation scenes. If a control strategy capable of being regulated at any time is not adopted, the island micro-grid is difficult to run in a grid-connected mode with an external power grid, and meanwhile vibration of the island micro-grid is caused. Whereas the control strategy for an island microgrid is actually applied to control of the inverter in the microgrid, especially including control of the secondary voltage and frequency during an island microgrid operational anomaly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a distributed secondary voltage and frequency control system of an island micro-grid, which aims to overcome the technical defects that the existing island micro-grid is difficult to run in a grid-connected mode with an external grid and is easy to vibrate under the influence of practical running scenes.
The invention also provides a distributed secondary voltage and frequency control method of the island micro-grid.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the island micro-grid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control system comprises a secondary voltage and frequency control module, a power control module, a voltage and current controller, an alternating current converter, a voltage reduction module and an output connector; wherein:
the secondary voltage and frequency control module is electrically connected with the input end of the power control module and is used for generating a secondary voltage and frequency control signal;
the output end of the power control module is electrically connected with the input end of the voltage-current controller, the input end of the alternating-current converter, the input end of the voltage-reducing module and the input end of the output connector, synchronizes the frequency of each module in the island micro-grid, and outputs stable voltage to the voltage-current controller;
the output end of the voltage-current controller is electrically connected with the input end of the alternating current converter;
the alternating current converter is electrically connected with an external power grid through a transformer, so that energy exchange between the island micro-grid and the external power grid is realized;
the output end of the alternating current converter and the input end of the voltage reduction module;
the output end of the voltage reduction module is electrically connected with the input end of the power control module, the input end of the voltage and current controller and the input end of the output connector to form a negative feedback circuit for adjusting the reduction gain of the voltage reduction module;
the output connector outputs stable voltage to the outside.
Wherein the depressurization module adopts a differential pressure value of V 0 Is not limited, is provided.
The transformer adopts a bidirectional transformer with a changeable coil, and when the island micro-grid generates electric quantity, the transformer outputs electric energy to an external power grid in time; when the island micro-grid is started, a starting voltage is provided for the island micro-grid through a transformer.
The control systems comprise a plurality of control systems, and each control system is electrically connected with the external power grid through a transformer.
The island micro-grid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control method comprises the following steps:
s1: the secondary voltage and frequency control module generates a secondary voltage and frequency control signal and transmits the signal to the power control module;
s2: the power control module generates the frequency of each module in the synchronous island micro-grid according to the control signal, and outputs stable voltage to the alternating current converter through the voltage-current controller;
s3: the alternating current converter realizes energy exchange between the island micro-grid and an external grid through a transformer according to the voltage output by the voltage-current controller and outputs stable voltage to the voltage reduction module;
s4: the voltage reducing module, the power control module and the voltage-current controller form a negative feedback circuit for reducing the voltage output by the alternating current converter;
s5: after the voltage is reduced, the output connector outputs stable voltage to the outside.
In the step S2, the processing procedure of the power control module is specifically expressed as follows:
w i ＝w ni -m Pi P i
V odi ＝V ni -n Qi Q i
V oqi ＝0
wherein w is i Representing an operating frequency provided by the power control module to the ac converter by the voltage-to-current controller; v (V) odi Representing the output voltage provided by the power control module of the ith island micro-grid system for the alternating current converter; v (V) oqi Representing an initial reference voltage of the ith island micro-grid system, wherein the amplitude of the initial reference voltage is 0;
and->
The descending gain frequencies of the island micro-grids are respectively; v (V) ni And w ni Control frequency and control voltage are respectively generated according to island micro-grid expectations; p (P) i And Q i The expression is specifically as follows for the actual power and reactive power of the transformer:
wherein R is ci And X ci Output impedance component resistance and inductance, respectively; delta i Is the power angle difference; wherein v is bi And v 0i Respectively representing the bus voltage of the ith island micro-grid and the amplitude of the output voltage of the inverter; wherein, the general expression of the actual power and the reactive power is as follows:
thus, the power control module outputs stable voltage V to the AC converter odi 。
Wherein in the step S2, the power control module passes through an auxiliary virtual control rate
The frequency w of each module in the synchronous island micro-grid is generated by the following specific processes:
due to virtual control laws
It was determined that the island microgrid is a first order linear system with input-output feedback linearization, and therefore +.>
i represents the distribution number of island micro-grids, then
The frequency w of the island micro-grid is obtained through integral operation, and the frequency w is:
w＝∫u wi ,i＝1,2,...,N
the obtained frequency is the frequency w of each module in the synchronous island micro-grid.
The network formed by a plurality of control systems and the external power grid through transformers is specifically modeled as follows:
y i1 ＝V odi
wherein f i Is a nonlinear function in the island micro-grid modeling process; g i1 And g i2 The structural parameters of the secondary voltage and the secondary frequency are respectively; k (k) i And D i Gain coefficients and matrix vectors related to voltage, frequency and disturbance of each system; y is i1 And y i2 Respectively representing the output voltage and the output frequency of a power control module in the island micro-grid system; and has
u i1 ＝V ni Is the desired secondary control voltage of the island microgrid; u (u) i2 ＝w ni Then representing the secondary control frequency that is expected to be generated from the island microgrid; wherein the second-order voltage tracking error and its derivative are expressed as:
wherein y is i1 The subscript i in (1) represents the number of island micro-grids, 1 represents the 1 st order of the i-th island micro-grid, and y is available in the same way j1 、y i1,2 And y j1，2 ；y 01 And y 02 Voltage and frequency signals representing a reference, respectively; sig represents a sign function; w (w) i And w j Respectively representing an ith frequency and a jth frequency; w (w) ref Representing an external reference frequency value; alpha w Is a control parameter of secondary frequency tracking control, alpha w ∈[0.1,10]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the G in tracking error signal i The communication connection weight of the island micro-grid and the external grid is calculated; and the communication connection weight of the island micro-grid and the island micro-grid in the tracking error signal is 1, and the direction is undirected.
Wherein the depressurization module adopts a differential pressure value of V 0 The LCL filter is connected with the power control module and the voltage-current controller in a negative feedback mode, so that the voltage output by the alternating current converter is reduced; when LCL filter differential pressure valueLess than V 0 Increasing the step-down gain to automatically adjust the pressure difference value of the LCL filter to V 0 And vice versa.
In the scheme, when the island micro-grid system generates power disturbance, the system can automatically adjust unstable power of the complementary grid system caused by overlarge or overlarge pressure difference change, and maintain the power balance of the system, so that the whole island micro-grid can run healthily and stably.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the island micro-grid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control system and method provided by the invention, the power control module can obtain a frequency which enables each module in the system to be coordinated and consistent under the action of the secondary voltage and frequency control signals generated by the secondary voltage and frequency control module; meanwhile, under the control of the power control module, a stable voltage is output through the voltage-current controller; the external power grid is connected with the alternating current converter of the island micro-grid through the transformer, and the voltage-current controller can output stable voltage to the alternating current converter, so that the island micro-grid can convert energy at any time and any place; the output connector is connected with the LCL filter, so that the accurate voltage reduction of the output voltage of the system is realized, the stability of the frequency and the voltage of the micro-grid is maintained, and the reliability and the robustness of the micro-grid control are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention;
wherein: 1. a secondary voltage and frequency control module; 2. a power control module; 3. a voltage-current controller; 4. an AC converter; 5. a buck module; 6. an output connector.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent;
for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the actual product dimensions;
it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the island micro-grid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control system comprises a secondary voltage and frequency control module 1, a power control module 2, a voltage and current controller 3, an alternating current converter 4, a voltage reduction module 5 and an output connector 6; wherein:
the secondary voltage and frequency control module 1 is electrically connected with the input end of the power control module 2 and is used for generating a secondary voltage and frequency control signal;
the output end of the power control module 2 is electrically connected with the input end of the voltage-current controller 3, the input end of the alternating current converter 4, the input end of the voltage reduction module 5 and the input end of the output connector 6, synchronizes the frequencies of all modules in the island micro-grid, and outputs stable voltage to the voltage-current controller 3;
the output end of the voltage-current controller 3 is electrically connected with the input end of the alternating current converter 4;
the alternating current converter 4 is electrically connected with an external power grid through a transformer, so that energy exchange between the island micro-grid and the external power grid is realized;
the output end of the alternating current converter 4 and the input end of the voltage reduction module 5;
the output end of the voltage reduction module 5 is electrically connected with the input end of the power control module 2, the input end of the voltage and current controller 3 and the input end of the output connector 6 to form a negative feedback circuit for adjusting the reduction gain of the voltage reduction module;
the output connector 6 outputs a stable voltage to the outside.
More specifically, the depressurization module 6 employs a differential pressure value V 0 Is not limited, is provided.
More specifically, the transformer adopts a bidirectional transformer with a changeable coil, and when the island micro-grid generates electric quantity, the transformer outputs electric energy to an external power grid in time; when the island micro-grid is started, a starting voltage is provided for the island micro-grid through a transformer.
More specifically, the control system comprises a plurality of control systems, and each control system is electrically connected with the external power grid through a transformer respectively.
Example 2
More specifically, on the basis of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 2, the island micro-grid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control method includes the following steps:
s1: the secondary voltage and frequency control module 1 generates a secondary voltage and frequency control signal and transmits the signal to the power control module 2;
s2: the power control module 2 generates the frequency of each module in the synchronous island micro-grid according to the control signal, and outputs stable voltage to the alternating current converter 4 through the voltage-current controller 3;
s3: the alternating current converter 4 realizes energy exchange between the island micro-grid and an external grid through a transformer according to the voltage output by the voltage-current controller 3 and outputs stable voltage to the step-down module;
s4: the voltage reducing module 5 forms a negative feedback circuit with the power control module 2 and the voltage-current controller 3, and is used for reducing the voltage output by the alternating current converter 4;
s5: after the voltage is reduced, a stable voltage is output to the outside by the output connector 6.
More specifically, in the step S2, the processing procedure of the power control module 2 is specifically expressed as:
w i ＝w ni -m Pi P i
V odi ＝V ni -n Qi Q i
V oqi ＝0
wherein w is i Representing the operating frequency provided by the power control module 2 to the ac converter 4 via the voltage-to-current controller 3; v (V) odi The power control module 2 representing the i-th island micro-grid system provides an output voltage for the ac converter 4; v (V) oqi Representation ofThe initial reference voltage of the ith island micro-grid system is 0 in amplitude;
and->
The descending gain frequencies of the island micro-grids are respectively; v (V) ni And w ni Control frequency and control voltage are respectively generated according to island micro-grid expectations; p (P) i And Q i The expression is specifically as follows for the actual power and reactive power of the transformer:
wherein R is ci And X ci Output impedance component resistance and inductance, respectively; delta i Is the power angle difference; wherein v is bi And v 0i Respectively representing the bus voltage of the ith island micro-grid and the amplitude of the output voltage of the inverter; wherein, the general expression of the actual power and the reactive power is as follows:
thus, the power control module 2 outputs a stable voltage V to the ac converter 4 odi 。
More specifically, in the step S2, the power control module 2 controls the rate through an auxiliary virtual control
The frequency w of each module in the synchronous island micro-grid is generated by the following specific processes:
due to virtual control laws
It was determined that the island microgrid is a first order linear system with input-output feedback linearization, and therefore +.>
i represents the distribution number of island micro-grids, then
The frequency w of the island micro-grid is obtained through integral operation, and the frequency w is:
w＝∫u wi ,i＝1,2,...,N
the obtained frequency is the frequency w of each module in the synchronous island micro-grid.
More specifically, the network formed by a plurality of control systems electrically connected with the external power grid through transformers is specifically modeled as follows:
y i1 ＝V odi
wherein f i Is a nonlinear function in the island micro-grid modeling process; g i1 And g i2 The structural parameters of the secondary voltage and the secondary frequency are respectively; k (k) i And D i Gain coefficients and matrix vectors related to voltage, frequency and disturbance of each system; y is i1 And y i2 Representing island micro-grid systems respectivelyThe output voltage and the output frequency of the power control module 2 in the system; and has
u i1 ＝V ni Is the desired secondary control voltage of the island microgrid; u (u) i2 ＝w ni Then representing the secondary control frequency that is expected to be generated from the island microgrid; wherein the second-order voltage tracking error and its derivative are expressed as:
wherein y is i1 The subscript i in (1) represents the number of island micro-grids, 1 represents the 1 st order of the i-th island micro-grid, and y is available in the same way j1 、y i1,2 And y j1，2 ；y 01 And y 02 Voltage and frequency signals representing a reference, respectively; sig represents a sign function; w (w) i And w j Respectively representing an ith frequency and a jth frequency; w (w) ref Representing an external reference frequency value; alpha w Is a control parameter of secondary frequency tracking control, alpha w ∈[0.1,10]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the G in tracking error signal i The communication connection weight of the island micro-grid and the external grid is calculated; and the communication connection weight of the island micro-grid and the island micro-grid in the tracking error signal is 1, and the direction is undirected.
More specifically, the depressurization module 5 employs a differential pressure value V 0 The LCL filter of (2) is connected with the power control module 2 and the voltage-current controller 3 in a negative feedback mode, so that the voltage output by the alternating current converter 4 is reduced; when the LCL filter differential pressure value is smaller than V 0 Increasing the step-down gain to automatically adjust the pressure difference value of the LCL filter to V 0 And vice versa.
In the implementation process, when the island micro-grid system generates power disturbance, the system can automatically adjust the unstable power of the complementary grid system caused by overlarge or overlarge pressure difference change, and maintain the power balance of the system, so that the whole island micro-grid can run healthily and stably.
It is to be understood that the above examples of the present invention are provided by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.
Claims (9)
1. Island microgrid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control system, its characterized in that: the device comprises a secondary voltage and frequency control module (1), a power control module (2), a voltage and current controller (3), an alternating current converter (4), a voltage reduction module (5) and an output connector (6); wherein:
the secondary voltage and frequency control module (1) is electrically connected with the input end of the power control module (2) and is used for generating a secondary voltage and frequency control signal;
the output end of the power control module (2) is electrically connected with the input end of the voltage-current controller (3), the input end of the alternating current converter (4), the input end of the voltage reduction module (5) and the input end of the output connector (6), synchronizes the frequency of each module in the island micro-grid and outputs stable voltage to the voltage-current controller (3);
the output end of the voltage-current controller (3) is electrically connected with the input end of the alternating current converter (4);
the alternating current converter (4) is electrically connected with an external power grid through a transformer, so that energy exchange between the island micro-grid and the external power grid is realized;
the output end of the alternating current converter (4) is connected with the input end of the voltage reduction module (5);
the output end of the voltage reduction module (5) is electrically connected with the input end of the power control module (2), the input end of the voltage and current controller (3) and the input end of the output connector (6), so that a negative feedback circuit is formed for adjusting the reduction gain of the voltage reduction module (5);
the output connector (6) outputs a stable voltage to the outside.
2. The island microgrid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control system of claim 1, wherein: the depressurization module (5) adopts a differential pressure value of V 0 Is not limited, is provided.
3. The island microgrid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control system of claim 2, wherein: the transformer adopts a bidirectional transformer with a changeable coil, and when the island micro-grid generates electric quantity, the transformer outputs electric energy to an external power grid in time; when the island micro-grid is started, a starting voltage is provided for the island micro-grid through a transformer.
4. The island microgrid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control system of claim 3, wherein: the control system comprises a plurality of control systems, and each control system is electrically connected with the external power grid through a transformer.
5. The control method of the island micro-grid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control system of claim 4, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: the secondary voltage and frequency control module (1) generates a secondary voltage and frequency control signal and transmits the signal to the power control module (2);
s2: the power control module (2) generates the frequency of each module in the synchronous island micro-grid according to the control signal, and outputs stable voltage to the alternating current converter (4) through the voltage-current controller (3);
s3: the alternating current converter (4) realizes energy exchange between the island micro-grid and an external grid through a transformer according to the voltage output by the voltage-current controller (3) and outputs stable voltage to the voltage reduction module (5);
s4: the voltage reducing module (5), the power control module (2) and the voltage-current controller (3) form a negative feedback circuit, and the negative feedback circuit is used for reducing the voltage output by the alternating current converter (4);
s5: after the voltage is reduced, the output connector (6) outputs stable voltage to the outside.
6. The control method of the island micro-grid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control system according to claim 5, wherein: in the step S2, the processing procedure of the power control module (2) is specifically expressed as follows:
w i ＝w ni -m Pi P i
V odi ＝V ni -n Qi Q i
V oqi ＝0
wherein w is i Representing the operating frequency provided by the power control module (2) to the ac converter (4) via the voltage-to-current controller (3); v (V) odi An output voltage provided by a power control module (2) representing an ith island micro-grid system for an alternating current converter (4); v (V) oqi Representing an initial reference voltage of the ith island micro-grid system, wherein the amplitude of the initial reference voltage is 0;
and->
The descending gain frequencies of the island micro-grids are respectively; v (V) ni And w ni Control frequency and control voltage are respectively generated according to island micro-grid expectations; p (P) i And Q i The expression is specifically as follows for the actual power and reactive power of the transformer:
wherein R is ci And X ci Output impedance component resistance and inductance, respectively; delta i Is the power angle difference; wherein v is bi And v 0i Respectively representing the bus voltage of the ith island micro-grid and the amplitude of the output voltage of the inverter; wherein, the general expression of the actual power and the reactive power is as follows:
thus, the power control module (2) outputs a stable voltage V to the AC converter (4) odi 。
7. The control method of the island micro-grid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control system of claim 6, wherein: in step S2, the power control module (2) controls the rate through an auxiliary virtual control
The frequency w of each module in the synchronous island micro-grid is generated by the following specific processes:
due to virtual control rate
It was determined that the island microgrid is a first order linear system with input-output feedback linearization, and therefore +.>
i represents the distribution number of island micro-grids, then
The frequency w of the island micro-grid is obtained through integral operation, and the frequency w is:
w＝∫u wi ,i＝1,2,...,N
the obtained frequency is the frequency w of each module in the synchronous island micro-grid.
8. The control method of the island micro-grid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control system of claim 7, wherein: the network formed by a plurality of control systems and the external power grid through transformers is specifically modeled as follows:
y i1 ＝V odi
wherein f i Is a nonlinear function in the island micro-grid modeling process; g i1 And g i2 The structural parameters of the secondary voltage and the secondary frequency are respectively; k (k) i And D i Gain coefficients and matrix vectors related to voltage, frequency and disturbance of each system; w (w) i Representing the i-th frequency; y is i1 And y i2 Respectively representing the output voltage and the output frequency of a power control module (2) in the island micro-grid system; and has
u i1 ＝V ni Is the desired secondary control voltage of the island microgrid; u (u) i2 ＝w ni Then representing the secondary control frequency that is expected to be generated from the island microgrid; wherein the second-order voltage tracking error and its derivative are expressed as: />
Wherein y is i1 The subscript i in (1) represents the number of island micro-grids, 1 represents the 1 st order of the i-th island micro-grid, and y is available in the same way j1 、y i1,2 And y j1，2 ；y 01 And y 02 Voltage and frequency signals representing a reference, respectively; g in tracking error signal i The communication connection weight of the island micro-grid and the external grid is calculated; the communication connection weight of the micro-grid outside the island micro-grid in the tracking error signal is 1, and the direction is undirected.
9. The control method of the island micro-grid distributed secondary voltage and frequency control system of claim 8, wherein: the depressurization module (5) adopts a differential pressure value of V 0 The LCL filter of the power supply is connected with the power control module (2) and the voltage-current controller (3) in a negative feedback mode, so that the voltage output by the alternating current converter (4) is reduced; when the LCL filter differential pressure value is smaller than V 0 Increasing the step-down gain to automatically adjust the pressure difference value of the LCL filter to V 0 And vice versa.
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