CN110600693A - High-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110600693A CN110600693A CN201910790686.1A CN201910790686A CN110600693A CN 110600693 A CN110600693 A CN 110600693A CN 201910790686 A CN201910790686 A CN 201910790686A CN 110600693 A CN110600693 A CN 110600693A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the negative electrode material is of a double-layer coating structure and comprises an inner core, an intermediate layer and an outer layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, the inner core is made of nano silicon, the intermediate layer is made of a carbon material, the carbon material comprises multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene and the like, and the outer layer is made of stable metal lithium powder. The silicon cathode material with a specific structure prepared by the method can effectively relieve the volume change problem of the active cathode and improve the problem of large first irreversible capacity of the silicon lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy materials, in particular to a high-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Lithium ion batteries are widely used as a new generation of secondary batteries in recent years in the fields of electric vehicles, energy storage power grids, consumer electronics and the like. The cathode material used by the traditional commercial lithium ion battery is mainly graphite, the theoretical specific capacity of the cathode material is only 372 mAh/g, and the current requirement on high-energy density storage equipment cannot be met. Silicon, as one of the negative electrode materials of lithium ion batteries, is considered to be one of the most potential high specific capacity negative electrode materials. The high specific capacity of 4200 mAh/g enables silicon to be expected to replace graphite to become a new generation of negative electrode material. However, in the process of charging and discharging silicon as a negative electrode material, the problem of serious volume change (300%) exists, and the huge volume change easily causes the phenomena of pulverization, coating falling off and the like of the silicon negative electrode material on the electrode plate, and influences the cycle service life of the material. Meanwhile, due to the semiconductor property of silicon, the conductivity of silicon is also poor, which is reflected in poor rate capability. Therefore, silicon negative electrode materials also face significant challenges for practical application in lithium ion batteries. At present, researchers relieve or reduce the volume change of silicon mainly through surface coating treatment or silicon particle nanocrystallization, and avoid particle pulverization of silicon materials and repeated growth of SEI films.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a silicon negative electrode material for a high-capacity lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively solve the problem of poor rate capability of the conventional silicon negative electrode material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material is of a double-layer coating structure and comprises an inner core, an intermediate layer and an outer layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the inner core is made of nano silicon, the intermediate layer is made of a carbon material, the carbon material comprises multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene, and the outer layer is made of stable metal lithium powder.
A preparation method of a high-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a carbon material and SDS into deionized water for ultrasonic treatment to prepare a dispersion liquid;
(2) adding paper fibers into deionized water to be dispersed to obtain a paper fiber suspension;
(3) uniformly mixing a carbon material and paper fibers to prepare CNT conductive paper;
(4) mixing a carbon material and NMP to prepare an oily dispersion liquid;
(5) mixing nano Si with the oily dispersion liquid to prepare nano Si suspension slurry, and coating the nano Si suspension slurry on CNT conductive paper;
(6) stabilized Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP) is prelithiated with CNT conductive paper in a doped lithium intercalation process.
Preferably, the carbon material is ball milled in a planetary ball mill for 2 hours, and the amount of SDS is 10% of the carbon material.
As a preferable scheme, the preparation condition of the paper fiber suspension is 4000r/min high-speed shearing and dispersing for 1h, and the preparation condition of the graphene paper fiber suspension is 5000r/min high-speed shearing and dispersing for 3 h.
As a preferable scheme, the carbon material in the conductive paper: paper fiber =1: 1.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the carbon material to the oily dispersant in the oily dispersion liquid is 5:1.
As a preferable scheme, the coating thickness of the slurry on the conductive paper in the step (5) is 150 μm.
Preferably, the step (6) of Stabilizing Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP) prelithiates the CNTs in an argon glove box.
Preferably, the lithium metal powder is commercially available from FMC corporation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects, and specifically, the technical scheme includes that:
the silicon cathode material with a specific structure prepared by the method can effectively relieve the volume change problem of the active cathode and improve the problem of large first irreversible capacity of the silicon lithium ion battery.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a high-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material which is of a double-layer coating structure and comprises an inner core, an intermediate layer and an outer layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the inner core is made of nano silicon, the intermediate layer is made of a carbon material, the carbon material comprises multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene and the like, and the outer layer is made of stable metal lithium powder.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the high-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a carbon material and SDS into deionized water for ultrasonic treatment to prepare a dispersion liquid; the carbon material was ball milled in a planetary ball mill for 2h with the amount of SDS being 10% of the carbon material.
(2) Adding paper fibers into deionized water to be dispersed to obtain a paper fiber suspension; the preparation condition of the paper fiber suspension is 4000r/min high-speed shearing and dispersing for 1h, and the preparation condition of the graphene paper fiber suspension is 5000r/min high-speed shearing and dispersing for 3 h.
(3) Uniformly mixing a carbon material and paper fibers to prepare CNT conductive paper; the carbon material in the conductive paper: paper fiber =1: 1.
(4) Mixing a carbon material and NMP to prepare an oily dispersion liquid; in the oily dispersion liquid, the mass ratio of the carbon material to the oily dispersant is 5:1.
(5) Mixing nano Si with the oily dispersion liquid to prepare nano Si suspension slurry, and coating the nano Si suspension slurry on CNT conductive paper; the coating thickness of the slurry on the conductive paper was 150 μm.
(6) Stabilized Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP) is prelithiated with CNT conductive paper in a doped lithium intercalation process. The Stabilized Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP), which was purchased from FMC corporation, prelithiates CNTs in an argon glovebox.
The invention is illustrated in more detail below in the following examples:
example 1:
a preparation method of a high-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material comprises the following steps:
(1) 0.5g of MWCNTs and SDS are added into deionized water for ultrasonic treatment to prepare MWCNTs dispersion liquid.
(2) 0.5g of paper fiber is added into deionized water to be dispersed to obtain a paper fiber suspension.
(3) The MWCNTs and paper fibers are mixed uniformly to prepare the CNT conductive paper (MWCNTs: paper fibers =1.0: 1.0).
(4) MWCNTs and NMP are mixed to prepare MWCNTs oily dispersion liquid.
(5) And mixing the nano Si and the oily MWCNTs to prepare nano Si-MWCNTs suspension slurry, and coating the suspension slurry on the CNT conductive paper.
(6) Stabilized Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP) CNT conductive paper was pre-lithiated by a doped lithium intercalation method.
Tests show that the unlithiated battery reaches a stable state after being cycled for 10 times, the stable discharge specific capacity is 1040mAh/g, compared with the first discharge, the total irreversible capacity is 1067mAh/g and is up to half of the first discharge capacity; the pre-lithiation battery reaches a stable state after being cycled for 10 times, the stable discharge specific capacity is 1082mAh/g, and compared with the first discharge, the total irreversible capacity is only 482mAh/g and is 32% of the first discharge capacity.
Example 2:
a preparation method of a high-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material comprises the following steps:
(1) and adding MWCNTs and SDS into deionized water for ultrasonic treatment to prepare MWCNTs dispersion liquid.
(2) And adding the paper fibers into deionized water for dispersion to obtain a paper fiber suspension.
(3) The MWCNTs and paper fibers are mixed uniformly to prepare the CNT conductive paper (MWCNTs: paper fibers =0.5: 1.0).
(4) MWCNTs and NMP are mixed to prepare MWCNTs oily dispersion liquid.
(5) Mixing nano Si and oily MWCNTs to prepare nano Si-MWCNTs suspension slurry, and coating the suspension slurry on CNT conductive paper;
(6) stabilized Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP) CNT conductive paper was pre-lithiated by a doped lithium intercalation method.
Tests show that the unlithiated battery reaches a stable state after being cycled for 10 times, the stable discharge specific capacity is 1376mAh/g, compared with the first discharge, the total irreversible capacity is 1225mAh/g and is more than half of the first discharge capacity; the pre-lithiation battery reaches a stable state after being cycled for 10 times, the stable discharge specific capacity is 1067mAh/g, and compared with the first discharge, the total irreversible capacity is only 432mAh/g, which is 40% of the first discharge capacity.
Example 3:
(1) and adding the graphene and the SDS into deionized water for ultrasonic treatment to prepare the graphene dispersion liquid.
(2) And adding the paper fibers into deionized water for dispersion to obtain a paper fiber suspension.
(1) The CNT conductive paper was prepared by mixing graphene and paper fiber uniformly (graphene: paper fiber =2.0: 1.0).
(2) Graphene and NMP are mixed to prepare graphene oily dispersion liquid.
(3) And mixing the nano Si and the oily graphene to prepare nano Si-graphene suspension slurry, and coating the nano Si-graphene suspension slurry on the CNT conductive paper.
(4) Stabilizing Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP) the CNT conductive paper was pre-treated with a doping lithium insertion method.
Tests show that the unlithiated battery reaches a stable state after being cycled for 10 times, the stable discharge specific capacity is 1520mAh/g, compared with the first discharge, the total irreversible capacity is 1165mAh/g and is up to half of the first discharge capacity; the pre-lithiation battery reaches a stable state after being cycled for 10 times, the stable discharge specific capacity is 1056mAh/g, and compared with the first discharge, the total irreversible capacity is only 295mAh/g, which is 28% of the first discharge capacity.
The design of the invention is characterized in that: the silicon cathode material with a specific structure prepared by the method can effectively relieve the volume change problem of the active cathode and improve the problem of large first irreversible capacity of the silicon lithium ion battery.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so that any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A high-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material is characterized in that: the double-layer coating structure comprises an inner core, an intermediate layer and an outer layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the inner core is made of nano silicon, the intermediate layer is made of a carbon material, the carbon material comprises multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene, and the outer layer is made of stable metal lithium powder.
2. The preparation method of the high-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a carbon material and SDS into deionized water for ultrasonic treatment to prepare a dispersion liquid;
(2) adding paper fibers into deionized water to be dispersed to obtain a paper fiber suspension;
(3) uniformly mixing a carbon material and paper fibers to prepare CNT conductive paper;
(4) mixing a carbon material and NMP to prepare an oily dispersion liquid;
(5) mixing nano Si with the oily dispersion liquid to prepare nano Si suspension slurry, and coating the nano Si suspension slurry on CNT conductive paper;
(6) stabilized Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP) is prelithiated with CNT conductive paper in a doped lithium intercalation process.
3. The preparation method of the high-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material according to claim 2, characterized in that: the carbon material was ball milled in a planetary ball mill for 2h with the amount of SDS being 10% of the carbon material.
4. The preparation method of the high-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material according to claim 2, characterized in that: the preparation condition of the paper fiber suspension is 4000r/min high-speed shearing and dispersing for 1h, and the preparation condition of the graphene paper fiber suspension is 5000r/min high-speed shearing and dispersing for 3 h.
5. The preparation method of the high-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material according to claim 2, characterized in that: the carbon material in the conductive paper: paper fiber =1: 1.
6. The preparation method of the high-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the oily dispersion liquid, the mass ratio of the carbon material to the oily dispersant is 5:1.
7. The preparation method of the high-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material according to claim 2, characterized in that: the coating thickness of the slurry on the conductive paper in the step (5) is 150 μm.
8. The preparation method of the high-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material according to claim 2, characterized in that: the Stabilized Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP) in step (6) prelithiates CNTs in an argon glove box.
9. The preparation method of the high-capacity lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode material according to claim 2, characterized in that: the lithium metal powder was purchased from FMC corporation.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN111755680A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-10-09 | 马鞍山科达普锐能源科技有限公司 | Silicon-carbon negative electrode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN112694086A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-23 | 宁波杉杉新材料科技有限公司 | Modified graphite material, preparation method and application thereof, and lithium ion battery |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN111755680A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-10-09 | 马鞍山科达普锐能源科技有限公司 | Silicon-carbon negative electrode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN112694086A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-23 | 宁波杉杉新材料科技有限公司 | Modified graphite material, preparation method and application thereof, and lithium ion battery |
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Application publication date: 20191220 |