CN110600162A - Solar cell conductive paste and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Solar cell conductive paste and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110600162A
CN110600162A CN201911012233.2A CN201911012233A CN110600162A CN 110600162 A CN110600162 A CN 110600162A CN 201911012233 A CN201911012233 A CN 201911012233A CN 110600162 A CN110600162 A CN 110600162A
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China
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solvent
solar cell
conductive
conductive paste
powder
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CN201911012233.2A
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CN110600162B (en
Inventor
纳迪姆塔希尔
王毅
纳迪姆法伊卡
荆艳艳
张志萍
金鹏
朱胜楠
王健
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Henan Agricultural University
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Henan Agricultural University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/14Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material
    • H01B1/16Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/22Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02Details
    • H01L31/0224Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The solar cell conductive paste provided by the invention adopts the nanoscale glass powder and the nanoscale conductive powder, so that the sintering temperature can be effectively reduced, the solar cell conductive paste is convenient to use in occasions with low sintering temperature, such as a back passivated solar cell (PERC), and meanwhile, the sphericity of the glass powder and the sphericity of the conductive powder are less than 0.5 to form a pinning effect and a bridging effect, so that the solar cell conductive paste is more uniformly dispersed in a resin matrix, the adhesion capability of the solar cell conductive paste is enhanced, the conductivity of the solar cell conductive paste is also facilitated to be improved, and the conversion efficiency of the solar cell is enhanced. Furthermore, the resin matrix adopts three solvents with different boiling points, which is beneficial to the uniform volatilization of organic phases and improves the film forming quality.

Description

Solar cell conductive paste and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solar cell material, in particular to solar cell conductive paste and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The problem that the traditional energy is scarce to make the energy problem become more and more serious is more and more prominent, and the solar cell is utilized to convert solar energy into electric energy through the photoelectric effect, so that the solar cell is green, environment-friendly and pollution-free, and therefore, the research on solar power generation starts to draw more and more attention. In the process of manufacturing a solar cell, a conductive paste is generally coated on the surface of a silicon wafer by a screen printing method, and is metalized by drying and sintering to form an electrode.
The conductive paste is divided into polymer silver conductive paste and sintered silver conductive paste, wherein the polymer silver conductive paste takes an organic polymer as a bonding phase and is dried or solidified into a film, and the sintered silver conductive paste takes glass powder or oxide as the bonding phase and is sintered into the film. The solar cell panel generally adopts sintered silver conductive slurry, which comprises a conductive phase, an organic phase and an inorganic phase, wherein the conductive phase is composed of metal powder with a conductive function, and the organic phase is mainly composed of an organic solvent, a plasticizer, a thixotropic agent, a leveling agent, a surfactant and the like. However, the conductive metal powder and the glass powder in the sintered conductive paste have poor dispersion performance, are easy to agglomerate or settle, and influence the use performance of the conductive silver paste.
In order to solve the above problems, people are always seeking an ideal technical solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a solar cell conductive paste and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a solar cell conductive paste which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-50 parts of resin matrix, 40-60 parts of conductive agent, 4-10 parts of glass powder and 1-6 parts of auxiliary agent;
the glass powder has a particle size of less than 200 nanometers and a sphericity of less than 0.5, and the conductive agent has a particle size of less than 100 nanometers and a sphericity of less than 0.5.
Preferably, the resin matrix comprises 70-80 parts by mass of solvent and 20-30 parts by mass of resin.
Preferably, the resin is polyurethane, polyacrylate, epoxy resin or styrene-acrylic resin.
Preferably, the solvent consists of a first solvent, a second solvent and a third solvent in a mass ratio, wherein the boiling point of the first solvent T1 is more than that of the second solvent T2 is more than that of the third solvent T3; the mass ratio of the first solvent to the second solvent to the third solvent is (1.5-2) to (0.8-1.2) to (0.3-0.5).
Preferably, the first solvent is selected from one of ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol and deionized water; the second solvent is selected from one of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, hexylamine and triethanolamine; the third solvent is selected from one of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, benzyl alcohol, terpineol and butyl carbitol.
Preferably, the conductive agent includes a first conductive powder having a particle size of 10 to 20 nm, a second conductive powder having a particle size of 30 to 40 nm, and a third conductive powder having a particle size of 50 to 60 nm; the mass ratio of the first conductive powder to the second conductive powder to the third conductive powder is 1 (1.5-3) to 1.2.
Preferably, the conductive agent is selected from one or more of silver, copper and nickel.
Preferably, the glass frit is selected from a halogen-based glass or a sulfur-based glass.
Preferably, the auxiliaries include a plasticizer, a thixotropic agent and a leveling agent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the solar cell conductive paste, which comprises the following steps: and slowly adding the conductive agent and the glass powder into the resin matrix in sequence, uniformly dispersing, adding the auxiliary agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the solar cell conductive slurry.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the solar cell conductive paste provided by the invention adopts the nanoscale glass powder and the nanoscale conductive powder, so that the sintering temperature can be effectively reduced, the solar cell conductive paste is convenient to use in occasions with low sintering temperature, such as a back passivated solar cell (PERC), and meanwhile, the sphericity of the glass powder and the sphericity of the conductive powder are less than 0.5 to form a pinning effect and a bridging effect, so that the solar cell conductive paste is more uniformly dispersed in a resin matrix, the adhesion capability of the solar cell conductive paste is enhanced, the conductivity of the solar cell conductive paste is also facilitated to be improved, and the conversion efficiency of the solar cell is enhanced. Furthermore, the resin matrix adopts three solvents with different boiling points, which is beneficial to the uniform volatilization of organic phases and improves the film forming quality.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a solar cell conductive paste which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30 parts of resin matrix, 40 parts of conductive agent, 4 parts of glass powder and 1 part of auxiliary agent;
the glass powder has a particle size of less than 200 nanometers and a sphericity of less than 0.5, and the conductive agent has a particle size of less than 100 nanometers and a sphericity of less than 0.5.
Preferably, the resin matrix comprises 70 parts by mass of solvent and 30 parts by mass of resin.
Preferably, the resin is polyurethane, the solvent consists of a first solvent, a second solvent and a third solvent in a mass ratio, and the boiling point of the first solvent T1 is greater than that of the second solvent T2 is greater than that of the third solvent T3; the mass ratio of the first solvent to the second solvent to the third solvent is 1.5:0.8: 0.3.
Preferably, the first solvent is ethyl acetate, and the second solvent is propylene glycol methyl ether acetate; the third solvent is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
Preferably, the conductive agent includes a first conductive powder having a particle size of 10 to 20 nm, a second conductive powder having a particle size of 30 to 40 nm, and a third conductive powder having a particle size of 50 to 60 nm; the mass ratio of the first conductive powder to the second conductive powder to the third conductive powder is 1:1.5: 1.2.
Preferably, the conductive agent is silver powder, and the glass powder is selected from halogen glass. Preferably LiCl or AlCl3、CuCl2、ZnF2、ZrCl、BeF4、ZnCl、LiBr。
Preferably, the auxiliaries include a plasticizer, a thixotropic agent and a leveling agent.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the solar cell conductive paste, which comprises the following steps: and slowly adding the conductive agent and the glass powder into the resin matrix in sequence, uniformly dispersing, adding the auxiliary agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the solar cell conductive slurry.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a solar cell conductive paste which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 50 parts of resin matrix, 60 parts of conductive agent, 10 parts of glass powder and 6 parts of auxiliary agent;
the glass powder has a particle size of less than 200 nanometers and a sphericity of less than 0.5, and the conductive agent has a particle size of less than 100 nanometers and a sphericity of less than 0.5.
Preferably, the resin matrix comprises 80 parts by mass of solvent and 20 parts by mass of resin.
Preferably, the resin is polyacrylate, the solvent consists of a first solvent, a second solvent and a third solvent in a mass ratio, and the boiling point of the first solvent T1 is greater than that of the second solvent T2 is greater than that of the third solvent T3; the mass ratio of the first solvent to the second solvent to the third solvent is 2:1.2: 0.5.
Preferably, the first solvent is ethanol; the second solvent is hexylamine; the third solvent is one of benzyl alcohol.
Preferably, the conductive agent includes a first conductive powder having a particle size of 10 to 20 nm, a second conductive powder having a particle size of 30 to 40 nm, and a third conductive powder having a particle size of 50 to 60 nm; the mass ratio of the first conductive powder to the second conductive powder to the third conductive powder is 1: 3: 1.2.
Preferably, the conductive agent comprises silver and copper, and the glass powder is selected from chalcogenide glass.
Preferably, the auxiliaries include a plasticizer, a thixotropic agent and a leveling agent.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the solar cell conductive paste, which comprises the following steps: and slowly adding the conductive agent and the glass powder into the resin matrix in sequence, uniformly dispersing, adding the auxiliary agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the solar cell conductive slurry.
Preferably, the preparation method of the solar cell conductive paste comprises the following steps:
evenly mixing 1/4 organic monomer and the first conductive powder to obtain a first prepolymer, evenly mixing 1/2 monomer required by acrylate polymerization and second conductive powder to obtain a second prepolymer, evenly mixing 1/4 monomer required by acrylate polymerization, glass powder and third conductive powder to obtain a third prepolymer, mixing a third solvent and an initiator of 1/8 to obtain a kettle liquid, heating the kettle liquid to 70-80 ℃, slowly dripping into the first prepolymer, controlling dripping to be finished for 30-50min, then, slowly adding the second prepolymer and the initiator of 3/8 at the same time, controlling dripping to be finished for 1-2 h, finally, slowly adding the third prepolymer and the initiator of 1/2 at the same time, controlling dripping to be finished for 2-3 h, continuously preserving heat for 1 h, cooling to room temperature, and adding the auxiliary agent and uniformly mixing to obtain the solar cell conductive paste. By polymerizing on the surface of the conductive agent, on one hand, the dispersibility of the nano metal powder is improved, on the other hand, the stability of the system is enhanced, and agglomeration is avoided.
Preferably, the organic monomer is selected from the group consisting of styrene, vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, itaconic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate and hydroxypropyl methacrylate, N-methylolacrylamide, N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide, glycidyl methacrylate, diacetone acrylamide and acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate. The initiator is selected from azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptonitrile and benzoyl peroxide.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a solar cell conductive paste which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 35 parts of resin matrix, 55 parts of conductive agent, 6 parts of glass powder and 5 parts of auxiliary agent;
the glass powder has a particle size of less than 200 nanometers and a sphericity of less than 0.5, and the conductive agent has a particle size of less than 100 nanometers and a sphericity of less than 0.5.
Preferably, the resin matrix comprises 75 parts by mass of solvent and 25 parts by mass of resin.
Preferably, the resin is epoxy resin, the solvent consists of a first solvent, a second solvent and a third solvent in a mass ratio, and the boiling point of the first solvent T1 is greater than that of the second solvent T2 is greater than that of the third solvent T3; the mass ratio of the first solvent to the second solvent to the third solvent is 1.8:1: 0.4.
Preferably, the first solvent is isopropanol; the second solvent is triethanolamine; the third solvent is terpineol.
Preferably, the conductive agent includes a first conductive powder having a particle size of 10 to 20 nm, a second conductive powder having a particle size of 30 to 40 nm, and a third conductive powder having a particle size of 50 to 60 nm; the mass ratio of the first conductive powder to the second conductive powder to the third conductive powder is 1:2: 1.2.
Preferably, the conductive agent is silver, and the glass frit is selected from halogen glass.
Preferably, the auxiliaries include a plasticizer, a thixotropic agent and a leveling agent.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the solar cell conductive paste, which comprises the following steps: and slowly adding the conductive agent and the glass powder into the resin matrix in sequence, uniformly dispersing, adding the auxiliary agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the solar cell conductive slurry.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The solar cell conductive paste is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-50 parts of resin matrix, 40-60 parts of conductive agent, 4-10 parts of glass powder and 1-6 parts of auxiliary agent;
the glass powder has a particle size of less than 200 nanometers and a sphericity of less than 0.5, and the conductive agent has a particle size of less than 100 nanometers and a sphericity of less than 0.5.
2. The solar cell conductive paste according to claim 1, wherein the resin matrix comprises 70-80 parts by mass of a solvent and 20-30 parts by mass of a resin.
3. The solar cell conductive paste according to claim 2, wherein the resin is polyurethane, polyacrylate, epoxy resin or styrene-acrylic resin.
4. The solar cell conductive paste according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the solvent consists of a first solvent, a second solvent and a third solvent in a mass ratio, the boiling point of the first solvent T1 > the second solvent T2 > the third solvent T3; the mass ratio of the first solvent to the second solvent to the third solvent is (1.5-2) to (0.8-1.2) to (0.3-0.5).
5. The solar cell conductive paste according to claim 4, wherein the first solvent is selected from one of ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol and deionized water; the second solvent is selected from one of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, hexylamine and triethanolamine; the third solvent is selected from one of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, benzyl alcohol, terpineol and butyl carbitol.
6. The solar cell conductive paste according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the conductive agent comprises a first conductive powder having a particle size of 10 to 20 nm, a second conductive powder having a particle size of 30 to 40 nm, and a third conductive powder having a particle size of 50 to 60 nm; the mass ratio of the first conductive powder to the second conductive powder to the third conductive powder is 1 (1.5-3) to 1.2.
7. The solar cell conductive paste according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the conductive agent is selected from one or more of silver, copper and nickel.
8. The solar cell conductive paste according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the glass frit is selected from a halogen-based glass or a sulfur-based glass.
9. The solar cell conductive paste according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the auxiliary agent comprises a plasticizer, a thixotropic agent and a leveling agent.
10. A method for preparing a solar cell conductive paste according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of: and slowly adding the conductive agent and the glass powder into the resin matrix in sequence, uniformly dispersing, adding the auxiliary agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the solar cell conductive slurry.
CN201911012233.2A 2019-10-23 2019-10-23 Solar cell conductive paste and preparation method thereof Active CN110600162B (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111378342A (en) * 2020-03-09 2020-07-07 广东四维新材料有限公司 Water-based silver spraying applied to 5G ceramic filter and preparation method thereof
CN112133469A (en) * 2020-09-28 2020-12-25 长春黄金研究院有限公司 Mixed organic solvent for preparing high-temperature sintering conductive slurry

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CN1910122A (en) * 2004-01-08 2007-02-07 昭和电工株式会社 Inorganic powder, resin composition filled with the powder and use thereof
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CN104240793A (en) * 2013-06-08 2014-12-24 北京中科纳通电子技术有限公司 Nanometer conductive silver paste and preparing method thereof
CN106710716A (en) * 2016-12-19 2017-05-24 东莞珂洛赫慕电子材料科技有限公司 Method for preparing nano electronic paste
CN108010602A (en) * 2017-11-29 2018-05-08 华东理工大学 A kind of preparation process of Nano glass powder

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1327957A (en) * 2000-06-05 2001-12-26 株式会社村田制作所 Glass powder and making method thereof
CN1910122A (en) * 2004-01-08 2007-02-07 昭和电工株式会社 Inorganic powder, resin composition filled with the powder and use thereof
CN101582328A (en) * 2009-06-26 2009-11-18 彩虹集团公司 Nanometer silver paste for terminal electrode of multi-layer ceramic capacitor and method for preparing same
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111378342A (en) * 2020-03-09 2020-07-07 广东四维新材料有限公司 Water-based silver spraying applied to 5G ceramic filter and preparation method thereof
CN112133469A (en) * 2020-09-28 2020-12-25 长春黄金研究院有限公司 Mixed organic solvent for preparing high-temperature sintering conductive slurry

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