CN110598242B - Novel hydrological model based on gridding watershed and classification calibration - Google Patents
Novel hydrological model based on gridding watershed and classification calibration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A novel hydrological model based on gridding watershed and classification and calibration belongs to the field of hydrological water resource research. The model obtains an improved runoff generating model by adding a glacier module in an HBV runoff generating model, applies the improved runoff generating model to each grid unit of a basin to be researched to obtain a hydrological element simulation value of each grid unit of the basin, and collects the runoff simulation value of each grid unit of the basin to an outlet of the whole basin by using a confluence model based on a linear transfer function to obtain a runoff pre-evaluation value of the whole basin. The hydrological model can perform runoff simulation in the data-lacking area/watershed and obtain the simulation value of each state variable in the watershed, and provides technical support for the research of different influences of climate change on each hydrological element in the watershed, so that the sustainable development and water resource management of the watershed can be better guided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of research on hydrology and water resources, in particular to a novel hydrology model based on gridding watershed and classification calibration.
Background
Since the 20 th century, global warming has become a non-competitive fact. According to the fifth research report of IPCC (international Panel on simulation Change), the surface average temperature of the global ocean and land is in a linear rising trend which is 0.85 ℃ in total in the hundred years of 1880-2012. Global warming affects environmental factors such as precipitation, temperature and the like in the global range, changes the distribution of water resources in space and time, and causes hydrologic cycle in the scale range of a region/basin to be significantly affected, and particularly affects high-latitude regions/basins and high-mountain cold regions. By applying the hydrological model, the formation rule of runoff in a flow area can be effectively simulated, so that the hydrological model gradually becomes an important way for researching hydrological response under climate change.
However, the hydrological model for studying the runoff formation law of the watershed needs driving of data such as climate factors. The Qinghai-Tibet plateau area in the southwest of China is the origin of a plurality of rivers such as Yangtze river, yellow river, Yalu-Tibet Bujiang in China, but due to extremely harsh natural conditions in the local area, the sites for climate monitoring in the southwest of China are rare, and the application of a distributed hydrological model which needs more climate data driving in the cold area of the southwest of China is greatly limited. The lumped runoff generating model has the advantages of less climate driving data, high simulation precision, better adaptability to hydrological response simulation under various complex climate conditions and the like, and is widely applied to runoff simulation of data-deficient areas/watersheds. However, the lumped runoff generating model can only simulate the runoff situation of the whole watershed and cannot reflect the state variables (such as the space distribution of runoff and snow, etc.) inside the watershed, which is very disadvantageous for further researching the different influences of climate change on various hydrological factors (such as glaciers, snow, etc.) in the watershed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a novel hydrological model based on gridding watershed and classification, the model has the advantages of a distributed hydrological model and a lumped HBV production flow model, runoff simulation can be carried out in a data-deficient area/watershed, simulated values of various state variables in the watershed can be obtained, technical support is provided for research on different influences of climate change on various hydrological elements in the watershed, so that predictable countermeasures can be made to natural disasters caused by the influence of climate change, such as glacier and snow, as early as possible, and theoretical basis is provided for realizing the sustainable development of the watershed and water resource management.
The invention is realized by adopting the following scheme:
a new hydrological model based on gridding watershed and classification calibration comprises two main modules of productive flow calculation and confluence calculation, wherein the main module of productive flow calculation is an improved productive flow model obtained by adding a glacier module in an HBV productive flow model, and the main module of confluence calculation is realized by adopting a confluence model based on a linear transfer function; the hydrologic model divides a researched drainage basin into a plurality of grid units with the same size, divides the grid units into a plurality of groups according to the land utilization condition and the soil type in each grid unit, applies the improved runoff generating model to each grid unit, sets the runoff generating model parameters of the grid units in the same group to be the same, obtains hydrologic element simulation values of each grid unit, and collects the obtained runoff simulation values of each grid unit to the outlet of the whole drainage basin by using a confluence model to obtain the runoff pre-evaluation value of the whole drainage basin.
In the above technical solution, further, the improved obstetric flow model is specifically as follows:
adding a glacier module based on a degree-day factor method in the HBV runoff generating model, assuming that the glacier starts to melt after all snow in the grid unit is melted, and the amount of the glacier melt water is in direct proportion to the temperature:
in the formula, Gm(t) is the glacier melt water amount, and the unit is mm; s is the snow accumulation amount, and the unit is mm; gCFMAXIs glacier water-melting degree daily factor with the unit of mm/DEG C; t (t) is the daily/monthly air temperature in units of ℃; TT is glacier melting critical temperature, and the unit is ℃.
Further, the linear transfer function-based convergence model includes a convergence time calculation of the runoff to the grid cell outlet and a river network convergence calculation for each grid cell, which are both represented by a linear transfer function model derived from measured runoff flow and precipitation data, the model assuming that the runoff transportation process is linear and time-invariant, and the unit line function of the runoff is non-negative:
separating surface runoff from base runoff by adopting the following linear function, and calculating the convergence time of the runoff production in each grid unit to the outlet of the grid unit:
in the formula, QS(t) is the base flow, QF(t) is the surface runoff;
the total radial flow q (t) satisfies the following relation:
Q(t)＝QS(t)+QF(t)
where the parameters k and b are assumed to be constant within each grid cell;
the surface runoff and the base flow satisfy the following relational expression:
assuming the actual measured runoff and the part of precipitation which is finally converted into runoff, namely the effective precipitation PeffThe surface runoff Q can be found according to the relational expression between the surface runoff and the base runoffFAnd effective precipitation amount PeffUnit line function in between, the unit line function and the effective precipitation amount PeffThis can be obtained by iteratively solving the following equation:
in the formula, UHF(τ) is the unit line function of surface runoff, tmaxIs the maximum time for surface runoff decay;
the unit line function of the grid cell may be obtained by deconvolution of the unit line function of the watershed and the river network unit line function of the watershed.
Secondly, performing river network convergence by using a linear Saint Vietnam equation:
wherein C is the wave velocity in m/s, D is the hydraulic diffusion coefficient in m2The/s, C and D are ratioed per grid cell.
Further, the model comprises the following steps when predicting:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, acquiring ground observation data: selecting a closed basin with controllable hydrological elements, wherein the outlet section of the basin has long-term observation runoff; long-term meteorological observation data are arranged in or around the drainage basin, multi-period land utilization survey data are arranged, reliability and consistency of time series data are checked, and the long-term series hydrological meteorological observation data are divided into a rate period and a verification period;
step two, basin meshing: dividing the research basin into a plurality of grid units with the same size according to the size of the grid unit required to be set and the boundary of the research basin; simultaneously, preparing meteorological driving data of each grid unit by using a spatial interpolation method;
step three, classification of grid units and application of a birth flow model in each grid unit: dividing the grid cells into a plurality of groups according to the land utilization condition and the soil type in each grid cell, and applying an improved runoff generating model to each grid cell;
step four, classifying based hydrological model parameter calibration: generating a plurality of groups of parameters randomly in advance, setting the same group of parameters for the same group of grid units, respectively substituting the parameters into the improved runoff generating model, and simulating in each grid unit by applying the improved runoff generating model to obtain hydrological element simulation values of each grid unit of the plurality of groups, including runoff yield and snow accumulation;
collecting the daily/monthly production flow of each grid unit of the drainage basin to the drainage basin outlet by adopting a convergence model based on a linear transfer function to obtain the daily/monthly runoff of the whole drainage basin;
then, evaluating a plurality of groups of watershed runoff caliber values and watershed internal hydrological elements obtained by model simulation respectively with watershed outlet section runoff measured values and watershed internal hydrological element measured values according to evaluation indexes, and preferably selecting an optimal parameter group;
step five, verifying the hydrological model: and substituting the optimal parameter set obtained by optimization in the fourth step into the hydrological model, driving the hydrological model to simulate by using meteorological data in a verification period to obtain a runoff simulation value in the verification period, and evaluating the runoff simulation value and the drainage basin outlet section runoff measured value according to the same evaluation index as the calibration period to verify the reliability of the hydrological model.
Further, the evaluation index includes:
Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient:
relative error:
in the formula: qsFor simulating daily/monthly flow, the unit is m3(ii) s or other hydrological elements; q0Measured daily/monthly flow in m3(ii) s or other hydrological elements;
is the average value of the actually measured daily/monthly flow and has the unit of m3(ii) s or other hydrological elements; t is time in days/months; n is the total duration in days/months.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the drainage basin is divided into grid units with the same size, a set of runoff generating model parameters are used in each grid unit to reflect the hydrological characteristics of the grid unit and obtain the simulation value of each hydrological element, and the runoff generating module is used for collecting the runoff of each grid unit to the drainage basin outlet to obtain the final runoff simulation value of the whole drainage basin, so that the purpose of simulating the hydrological response characteristics of large-scale data-lacking areas/drainage basins is achieved. In addition, the glacier module is additionally added to the flow generation model adopted in the invention, so that the improved flow generation model can be suitable for large-scale alpine and glacier-covered watersheds, and the simulation effect of the hydrological model on the spatial distribution conditions of hydrological elements such as glaciers and snow in the watersheds can be obviously improved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an improved labor flow model of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a framework of the model of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention.
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Some of the main terms in the present invention are paraphrased:
parameter calibration: a set of parameters is assumed, and is substituted into the model to obtain a model simulation result, and then the model simulation result is compared with the measured data. If the difference between the model simulation value and the measured value is not large, namely the error between the model simulation value and the measured value is within an allowable range, taking the current parameter as the parameter of the model; if the difference between the model analog value and the measured value is larger, the adjustment parameter is substituted into the model for recalculation, and then the model analog value and the measured value are compared. By repeating the above process, the error between the model simulation value and the measured value is within the allowable range.
Soil type: according to the occurrence and development rules of the soil, the soil is systematically known, and the objectively existing soil in different shapes and colors is distinguished by comparing the similarity and the difference between the soils to obtain the classification of the soil. Can be divided into three categories of sandy soil, clay and loam.
Land utilization: based on the natural characteristics of land and according to a certain economic and social purpose, mankind adopts a series of biological and technical means to conduct long-term or periodic management, treatment and reconstruction on the land. It can be divided into six categories of cultivated land, woodland, grassland, water area, urban and rural areas, industrial and mining areas, and land not used.
A hydrological model: the complex hydrological phenomena and processes are generalized by simulation to give an approximate mathematical model.
Hydrologic process: a dynamic process in which the hydrological elements change continuously or periodically in time. The hydrologic process is the conversion and movement process of the water state in the water ring.
Hydrologic elements: the main factors forming the hydrologic situation of a certain place or area at a certain time are main physical quantities describing the hydrologic situation, are metering means for describing water flow movement, and are main scales reflecting river hydrologic situation changes. Hydrologic elements can be data acquired by hydrologic tests, observations, calculations, and the like.
The following will describe a new hydrological model based on gridding watershed and classification calibration in detail.
Based on the consideration of technical realization, the hydrological model adopted in the invention is a hydrological mathematical model. It should be appreciated that under some conditions, a hydrological mathematical model may also be used in conjunction with a hydrological physical model for the study. The hydrological physical model is a model with the main physical properties of a prototype (a research object), such as a basin is reduced in a laboratory according to a similar principle, or an experiment is carried out by moving an original soil sample to the laboratory.
The hydrological mathematical model is a model describing the physical processes of the hydrological phenomenon following the principle that mathematical expressions are similar. For example, the hydrological mathematical model represents the confluence by an equation with the same mathematical expression as the physical nature of the study object, thereby describing the physical process of the actual confluence.
In some specific alternative examples, the new grid-based watershed and taxonomy-based hydrological model may be implemented in the following manner. The method combines the steps of selection of ground observation data, drainage basin gridding, classification of grid units, application of a runoff producing model in each grid unit, classification-based hydrological model parameter calibration, verification of a hydrological model and the like.
The HBV runoff generating model comprehensively considers the factors of precipitation, air temperature, runoff generation, soil, confluence and the like in a watershed. It generally comprises three modules: the system comprises an accumulated snow and melted snow module, a soil module and a runoff generating module, wherein the model input comprises day/month precipitation, day/month air temperature and day/month potential evaporation capacity, and the model output is day/month runoff. The snow accumulation and snow melting module divides the precipitation into rainfall and snowfall according to the daily air temperature data; the soil module is used for calculating the field soil water content under different average daily precipitation, daily air temperature and evaporation conditions and simulating the change of the soil water content; and the flow production module divides the residual water of each soil layer into surface runoff and base flow. Because of the broad width of our country, glacier in the plateau area of Qinghai-Tibet in southwest is the main ocean glacier distribution area in our country. Glacier seasonal water melting plays an important role in developing and utilizing downstream water resources. Especially in the context of global warming, glacier melt water contributes negligibly to basin runoff.
Therefore, the runoff yield model of the invention adds a glacier module based on the holiday factor method in the original HBV runoff yield model, namely, the glacier begins to melt after snow in the grid unit is completely melted, and the amount of the glacier melt water is in direct proportion to the temperature:
in the formula, Gm(t) is the glacier melt water amount, and the unit is mm; s is the snow accumulation amount, and the unit is mm; gCFMAXIs glacier water-melting degree daily factor (need to be calibrated) with the unit of mm/DEG C; t (t) is the daily/monthly air temperature in units of ℃; TT is glacier melting critical temperature, and the unit is ℃. The flow chart of the HBV hydrological model with glacier module added is shown in FIG. 1.
The hydrological model of the invention is used for prediction, and the concrete steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, acquiring ground observation data: selecting a closed basin with controllable hydrological elements, wherein the outlet section of the basin has long-term observation runoff; the interior or periphery of the drainage basin is provided with long-term meteorological observation data and multi-period land utilization survey data, and the time series data are subjected to reliability and consistency inspection. The hydrological meteorological observation data of the long time sequence are divided into a rate period and a verification period.
Step two, basin meshing: determining the size of the grid unit according to the spatial resolution of the meteorological driving data, the research purpose and the like, and dividing the grid unit into a plurality of grid units with the same size according to the size of the grid unit determined in advance and the boundary of the research area; and simultaneously, preparing meteorological driving data of each grid unit by using a spatial interpolation method.
Step three, classification of grid units and application of a birth flow model in each grid unit: according to the land utilization condition and the soil type in each grid unit, the grid units are divided into a plurality of groups, and parameters of the runoff producing models of the grid units in the same group are set to be the same so as to reduce the number of parameters to be calibrated and prevent over-parameterization of the hydrological model.
Step four, classifying based hydrological model parameter calibration: generating a plurality of groups of parameters randomly in advance, setting the same group of parameters for the same group of grid units, respectively substituting the parameters into the production flow model, and simulating in each grid unit by using the production flow model to obtain hydrological element simulation values (production flow, snow accumulation and the like) of each grid unit of the plurality of groups;
because the date/month production flow of each grid unit in the research area is obtained by the production flow model simulation, but not the date/month runoff of the outlet of the whole watershed, the date/month production flow of each grid unit in the watershed is converged to the outlet of the watershed to obtain the date/month runoff of the whole watershed by adopting the following convergence model based on a linear transfer function:
the convergence model based on the linear transfer function adopted by the invention is mainly used for calculating the convergence time of the runoff of each grid unit to the outlet of the grid unit and converging the river network. The formation of the river network is based on the following assumptions: the runoff leaves a grid cell and enters the next grid cell only in one direction of the eight grid cells adjacent to it.
Both parts of the linear transfer function based confluence model (within the grid cells and in the river network) are represented by linear transfer function models that can be derived from measured runoff and precipitation data, respectively. The model assumes that the runoff transportation process is linear and time invariant, and that the unit line function of runoff is non-negative.
The first part, the aggregate time calculation for the arrival of the stream in each grid cell at the grid cell outlet, is:
since the response of different runoff compositions (e.g., surface runoff and base runoff) to precipitation events is very inconsistent on a time scale, the surface runoff is first separated from the base runoff using a linear function as follows:
in the formula, QS(t) is the base flow, QF(t) is the surface runoff.
The total runoff q (t) therefore satisfies the following relationship:
Q(t)＝QS(t)+QF(t)
where the parameters k and b are assumed to be constant within each grid cell.
The surface runoff and the base flow satisfy the following relational expression:
for discrete data have
It can be seen that the initial condition QS(0) With e-ktWherein the mean residual time of the base flow is 1/k and the half-life thereof is
The actual runoff and the portion of precipitation that eventually turns into runoff (called the effective precipitation, denoted P) are assumedeff) The surface runoff Q can be found according to the relational expression between the surface runoff and the base runoffFAnd effective precipitation amount PeffUnit line function in between, the unit line function and the effective precipitation amount PeffThis can be obtained by iteratively solving the following equation:
in the formula, UHF(τ) is the unit line function of surface runoff, tmaxIs the maximum time for surface runoff to decay.
For discrete data, the above equation can be rewritten as follows:
where n.DELTA.t is the length of data, tmax＝(m-1)·Δt。
The above formula can carry out iterative calculation from the actually measured precipitation until satisfying that for any i, all the I have
And is
UH obtained by calculationFSubstituting the following equation to perform iterative calculation until the condition that for any i, all the i are
Finally, P is obtained by calculationeff：
Wherein, PiThe precipitation amount on day i.
Then the calculated effective precipitation PeffSubstitution into
Until convergence.
The unit line function of the grid cell may be obtained by deconvolution of the unit line function of the watershed and the river network unit line function of the watershed.
In summary, a unit line that the produced flow in each grid unit reaches the outlet of the grid unit can be obtained by combining the effective precipitation, and the convergence time that the produced flow in each grid unit reaches the outlet of the grid unit and how much flow of each grid reaches the outlet of the grid to enter the river network at each time point can be known according to the unit line, so that a time sequence of the flow entering the river network can be obtained.
The second part of the linear transfer function-based confluence model is the confluence of runoff on a river network consisting of grid cells.
The river network confluence is calculated using the following linear saint-vican equation:
wherein C is the wave velocity in m/s, D is the hydraulic diffusion coefficient in m2And/s, a calibration can be performed per grid cell.
The above equation can be solved using the convolution integral of its unit line function:
wherein u (t) is a unit line function of a river network, which can be drawn according to different watershed characteristics, or a default unit line function:
δ (t) is the unit impulse response function of h, having
Then, a plurality of groups of watershed outlet caliber flow values and watershed internal hydrological elements (snow accumulation, glacier amount and the like) obtained by model simulation are respectively evaluated with watershed outlet section runoff measured values and watershed internal hydrological element measured values according to certain evaluation indexes (including but not limited to a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient, relative errors and the like), and an optimal parameter group is preferably selected.
Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient:
relative error:
in the formula: qsFor simulating daily/monthly flow, the unit is m3(ii) s or other hydrological elements; q0Measured daily/monthly flow in m3(ii) s or other hydrological elements;
is the average value of the actually measured daily/monthly flow and has the unit of m3(ii) s or other hydrological elements; t is time in days/months; n is the total duration in days/months.
Step five, verifying the hydrological model: and substituting the optimal parameter set obtained by optimization in the fourth step into the hydrological model, driving the hydrological model to simulate by using meteorological data in a verification period to obtain a runoff simulation value in the verification period, and evaluating the runoff simulation value and the drainage basin outlet section runoff measured value according to the same evaluation index as the calibration period to verify the reliability of the hydrological model.
The whole model frame is schematically shown in fig. 2.
Based on the method provided by the invention, the action mode of the hydrological process in the investigation region/watershed is researched, runoff simulation can be carried out in the data-lacking region/watershed, the simulation value of each state variable in the watershed is obtained, technical support is provided for realizing the research of different influences of climate change on each hydrological element in the watershed, and the natural disasters such as glaciers and snow caused by the influence of climate change can be taken with foreseeable countermeasures as early as possible.
The effects of the invention are described below with reference to the application examples and table 1.
The example was conducted in a watershed controlled by a hydrological station in the southwest of china, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the simulation results of the model of the present invention with the original HBV production flow model
The result shows that the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NS) and the relative error (RVE) of the daily runoff and the accumulated snow depth obtained by the model simulation are superior to those of the original HBV runoff generating model, namely the model can better simulate the daily runoff and the accumulated snow depth of a watershed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A new hydrological model based on gridding watershed and classification calibration is characterized by comprising two main modules of productive flow calculation and confluence calculation, wherein the main module of productive flow calculation is an improved productive flow model obtained by adding a glacier module into an HBV productive flow model, and the main module of confluence calculation is realized by adopting a confluence model based on a linear transfer function; the hydrological model divides a researched drainage basin into a plurality of grid units with the same size, the grid units are divided into a plurality of groups according to the land utilization condition and the soil type in each grid unit, the improved runoff generating model is applied to each grid unit, parameters of the runoff generating models of the grid units in the same group are set to be the same, hydrological element simulation values of each grid unit are obtained, and the obtained runoff simulation values of each grid unit are collected to an outlet of the whole drainage basin by using a confluence model to obtain a runoff pre-evaluation value of the whole drainage basin;
the linear transfer function-based convergence model comprises a convergence time calculation and a river network convergence calculation for the runoff of each grid unit to reach the outlet of the grid unit, and is represented by a linear transfer function model derived from actual runoff flow and precipitation data, and the model assumes that the runoff transportation process is linear and time-invariant, and the unit line function of the runoff is non-negative:
separating surface runoff from base runoff by adopting the following linear function, and calculating the convergence time of the runoff production in each grid unit to the outlet of the grid unit:
in the formula, QS(t) is the base flow, QF(t) is the surface runoff;
the total radial flow q (t) satisfies the following relation:
Q(t)＝QS(t)+QF(t)
where the parameters k and b are assumed to be constant within each grid cell;
the surface runoff and the base flow satisfy the following relational expression:
assuming the actual measured runoff and the part of precipitation which is finally converted into runoff, namely the effective precipitation PeffThe surface runoff Q can be found according to the relational expression between the surface runoff and the base runoffFAnd effective precipitation amount PeffUnit line function in between, the unit line function and the effective precipitation amount PeffObtained by iteratively solving the following equation:
in the formula, UHF(τ) is the unit line function of surface runoff, tmaxIs a reduction of surface runoffThe longest time;
the unit line function of the grid cell can be obtained by deconvolution of the unit line function of the watershed and the river network unit line function of the watershed;
secondly, performing river network convergence by using a linear Saint Vietnam equation:
wherein C is the wave velocity in m/s, D is the hydraulic diffusion coefficient in m2The/s, C and D are ratioed per grid cell.
2. The new hydrographic model based on gridded watershed and taxonomy according to claim 1, wherein the improved runoff yield model is as follows:
adding a glacier module based on a degree-day factor method in the HBV runoff generating model, assuming that the glacier starts to melt after all snow in the grid unit is melted, and the amount of the glacier melt water is in direct proportion to the temperature:
in the formula, Gm(t) is the glacier melt water amount, and the unit is mm; t is time, S is snow accumulation, and the unit is mm; gCFMAXIs glacier water-melting degree daily factor with the unit of mm/DEG C; t (t) is the daily/monthly air temperature in units of ℃; TT is glacier melting critical temperature, and the unit is ℃.
3. The new hydrographic model based on gridded watershed and taxonomy according to claim 1, wherein the model prediction comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, acquiring ground observation data: selecting a closed basin with controllable hydrological elements, wherein the outlet section of the basin has long-term observation runoff; long-term meteorological observation data are arranged in or around the drainage basin, multi-period land utilization survey data are arranged, reliability and consistency of time series data are checked, and the long-term series hydrological meteorological observation data are divided into a rate period and a verification period;
step two, basin meshing: dividing the research basin into a plurality of grid units with the same size according to the size of the grid unit required to be set and the boundary of the research basin; simultaneously, preparing meteorological driving data of each grid unit by using a spatial interpolation method;
step three, classification of grid units and application of a birth flow model in each grid unit: dividing the grid cells into a plurality of groups according to the land utilization condition and the soil type in each grid cell, and applying an improved runoff generating model to each grid cell;
step four, classifying based hydrological model parameter calibration: generating a plurality of groups of parameters randomly in advance, setting the same group of parameters for the same group of grid units, respectively substituting the parameters into the improved runoff generating model, and simulating in each grid unit by applying the improved runoff generating model to obtain hydrological element simulation values of each grid unit of the plurality of groups, including runoff yield and snow accumulation;
collecting the daily/monthly production flow of each grid unit of the drainage basin to the drainage basin outlet by adopting a convergence model based on a linear transfer function to obtain the daily/monthly runoff of the whole drainage basin;
then, evaluating a plurality of groups of watershed outlet caliber flow values and watershed internal hydrological factors obtained by model simulation respectively with watershed outlet section runoff measured values and watershed internal hydrological factor measured values according to evaluation indexes, and obtaining an optimal parameter group through parameter calibration;
step five, verifying the hydrological model: and substituting the best parameter set obtained by the calibration in the fourth step into the hydrological model, driving the hydrological model to simulate by using meteorological data in a verification period to obtain a runoff simulation value in the verification period, and evaluating the runoff simulation value and the drainage basin outlet section runoff measured value according to the same evaluation index as the calibration period to verify the reliability of the hydrological model.
4. The new hydrographic model based on gridded watershed and taxonomy according to claim 3, wherein the evaluation index comprises:
Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient:
relative error:
in the formula: qsThe unit is m3/s or other hydrological factors for simulating daily/monthly flow; q0Measured daily/monthly flow in m3(ii) s or other hydrological elements;
is the average value of the actually measured daily/monthly flow and has the unit of m3(ii) s or other hydrological elements; t is time in days/months; n is the total duration in days/months.
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| CN112734920A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-04-30 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | High mountain watershed hydrological calculation unit division method capable of improving hydrological model simulation accuracy |
| CN112948123B (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2023-02-28 | 河海大学 | Spark-based grid hydrological model distributed computing method |
| CN113128055B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-10-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Distributed hydrological model space calibration method based on runoff yield coefficient |
| CN115759403B (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-12-15 | 东北农业大学 | Dynamic combination prediction model construction method for water circulation process in cold region |
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