CN110598231B - Design method of bionic airfoil blade - Google Patents
Design method of bionic airfoil blade Download PDFInfo
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- CN110598231B CN110598231B CN201910447256.XA CN201910447256A CN110598231B CN 110598231 B CN110598231 B CN 110598231B CN 201910447256 A CN201910447256 A CN 201910447256A CN 110598231 B CN110598231 B CN 110598231B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design method of a bionic airfoil blade, belonging to the technical field of impeller design and production processing, and comprising the following specific steps of: the method comprises the steps of scanning a component fish body model according to a fish body three-dimensional, correcting through coordinate point data on the model, obtaining the maximum thickness of the model after correction, constructing a control point coordinate of the bionic airfoil blade according to the coordinate point and the maximum thickness on the model, determining the maximum thickness of the bionic airfoil blade to be designed and the control point coordinate according to design requirements, calculating the coordinate point on an outline curve of the bionic airfoil blade, guiding the coordinate point into three-dimensional design software for lofting, and generating the bionic airfoil blade; the bionic airfoil blade designed by the design method has good lift-drag characteristics and hydraulic performance, and the bionic airfoils with different maximum thicknesses can be designed by the design method, so that the practicability is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of impeller design and production processing, and particularly relates to a design method of a bionic wing-shaped blade designed by taking fish as a bionic object.
Background
Bionics is developing from unilateral bionics to simultaneous coupling bionics in multiple aspects, from macroscopical to microscopic, to more precise; meanwhile, the application research of the bionic technology in the aspects of engineering drag reduction, performance improvement and the like is continuously increased, good effects are obtained, and the development of the bionic technology continuously promotes the appearance and the structure of the impeller to be changed; the variety of bionic objects is also increasing, wherein fish is the most common bionic object;
chinese patent document (application publication number: CN105201728A) discloses a design method of a combined wing-shaped blade of a horizontal-axis tidal current energy water turbine, which respectively researches the hydrodynamic performance of a conventional wing-shaped blade and a bionic wing-shaped blade, combines the conventional wing-shaped blade with the bionic wing-shaped blade according to the action of each leaf element in the blade, and aims to design the combined wing-shaped blade with more excellent performance; the method comprises the steps of obtaining a three-dimensional digital model of a fin, selecting cross section outlines of different positions of the fin as bionic fin wing profiles, selecting the bionic fin wing profiles through analysis software, deriving two-dimensional coordinates of the bionic wing profiles and a required conventional wing profile, optimizing the leaf elements of a designed blade to obtain parameters of each leaf element, converting the two-dimensional coordinates of the wing profiles into three-dimensional coordinate data, importing the obtained three-dimensional coordinate data into three-dimensional design software, lofting, and finally generating the combined wing blade. The method mainly adopts the fins as the bionic objects to design the bionic wing blades, but because the fins play a role in maintaining the balance of fish bodies during cruising of the fishes, the design of the bionic wing blades by taking the fins as the bionic objects has limited help for improving the hydraulic performance of the bionic wing blades.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a design method of a bionic wing-shaped blade taking a fish body as a bionic object. The bionic wing-shaped blade designed by the design method has high hydraulic performance and lift-drag characteristics.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a design method of a bionic airfoil blade comprises the following steps:
s1, point cloud data acquisition: scanning a fish body to obtain a three-dimensional digital model, namely point cloud data of the fish body, and importing the point cloud data of the fish body into reverse engineering software to obtain the three-dimensional fish body model;
s2, constructing a fish body shape curve and determining the length M of the fish body: establishing a coordinate system, taking the tip of the fish body osculating process as a coordinate origin, taking a straight line between the tip of the fish body osculating process and the central point of the joint of the fish body and the fish tail as an X axis, and constructing a two-dimensional fish body appearance curve based on the three-dimensional fish body model obtained in the step S1, wherein the appearance curve comprises a back curve of the fish body and an abdomen curve of the fish body; the length of the projection of the straight line from the osculating tip to the tail tip of the fish model on the X axis is the fish length M;
s3, processing of the outline curve: based on the coordinate system established in the step S2, evenly dividing the obtained fish body outline curve into k parts along the X axis, obtaining k +1 abscissa coordinates including the origin on the X axis, obtaining 2(k +1) coordinate points on the back curve of the fish body and the abdomen curve of the fish body, performing dimensionless processing on the obtained coordinate points to obtain dimensionless coordinate points, and obtaining a smooth fish body outline curve after sequentially connecting and smoothing the dimensionless coordinate points;
s4, data correction: performing data correction according to the smooth fish body profile curve obtained after the processing in the step S3, wherein the data correction comprises head data correction, fin data correction and tail data correction; obtaining the profile curve of the bionic wing section after data correction, wherein the profile curve of the bionic wing section comprises a back curve of the bionic wing section and an abdomen curve of the bionic wing section, and determining the maximum thickness delta of the bionic wing section according to the profile curve of the bionic wing section max ；
S5, based on the coordinate system of the step S2, evenly dividing the outline curve of the bionic wing into a parts, acquiring a +1 horizontal coordinates including the original point on the X axis, acquiring 2(a +1) coordinate points on the back curve of the bionic wing and the abdomen curve of the bionic wing, and acquiring the maximum thickness delta obtained in the step S4 according to the acquired coordinate points max Calculating coordinates of the control points;
s6, establishing the bionic airfoil blade: determining the maximum thickness of the bionic airfoil blade according to design requirements, calculating a coordinate point on a back curve of the bionic airfoil blade and a coordinate point on an abdomen curve of the bionic airfoil blade according to the maximum thickness and a control point coordinate, importing the calculated coordinate points into three-dimensional design software for lofting, and generating the bionic airfoil blade.
Preferably, the specific steps of the header data modification in step S4 are as follows:
based on the 791 airfoil profile, the 791 airfoil profile leading edge is taken as a coordinate origin, a straight line between the 791 airfoil leading edge and the 791 airfoil trailing edge is taken as an X-axis, an outline curve of the 791 airfoil profile is constructed, and the length of a straight line between the 791 airfoil leading edge and any point on the 791 airfoil outline curve projected on the X-axis is X d ', 791 the chord length of the airfoil is C;
the length X of the projection of the straight line between the tip of the osculating process of the fish body and any point on the contour curve of the fish body on the X axis d The ratio of the length of the fish body M to the length of the fish body is x d /M，x d The coordinate point data on the fish body outline curve of which the/M is more than 0.2 is unchanged for x d Correcting coordinate point data on the fish body outline curve with the part of/M being less than or equal to 0.2: putting the shape curve x of 791 airfoil d ' C is less than or equal to 0.2, and the data of the coordinate points respectively replace x on the external curve of the fish body d Data of coordinate points with/M less than or equal to 0.2; 791 the connection between the profile curve of airfoil and the profile curve of fish body is uniformly transited by arc method.
Preferably, the specific steps of fin data modification in step S4 are as follows:
correction of ventral fin data: the abdominal curve of the fish body is intersected with the outline curve of the abdominal fish fin of the fish body to generate two intersection points, namely an intersection point A and an intersection point B; the length of a straight line projected from the tip of the fish osculating process to the intersection point A on the X axis is defined as X q The length of the projection of the straight line between the tip of the fish osculating process and the intersection point B on the X axis is X h The length of the projection of the straight line from the tip of the osculating projection of the fish body to any point on the abdominal curve of the fish body on the X axis is X a (ii) a X on abdominal curve of fish body q /M≤x a /M≤x h The part/M adopts an arc method and combines the change trend of the abdominal curve of the fish body to carry out smoothing treatment;
dorsal fin data correction: the back curve of the fish body is intersected with the outline curve of the fish fin on the back of the fish body to generate two intersection points, namely an intersection point C and an intersection point D; the length of a straight line projected from the tip of the fish osculum to the intersection point C on the X axis is defined as X q ', the straight line between the tip of the fish osculating process and the intersection point D is projected on the X-axisHas a length of x h ', the length of the projection of the straight line from the tip of the osculating projection of the fish body to any point on the abdominal curve of the fish body on the X-axis is X a '; x on the back curve of the fish body q ’/M≤x a ’/M≤x h The part'/M adopts a circular arc method and is smoothly processed by combining the change trend of the back curve of the fish body.
Preferably, the specific steps of tail data correction in step S4 are as follows:
the length of the projection of the straight line from the tip of the fish head osculating process to any point of the fish body outline curve on the X axis is X d Wherein x is on the contour curve of the fish body d Data for the part/M < 0.7 is unchanged, x d The data with the/M being more than or equal to 0.7 part extend backwards according to the streamline directions of the back curve of the fish body and the abdomen curve of the fish body, an intersection point is generated on one side of the fish tail by the back curve of the fish body and the abdomen curve of the fish body, and the intersection point is subjected to round angle processing.
Further preferably, the specific steps of data modification in step S4 are as follows:
and (3) head data correction: based on the 791 airfoil profile, the 791 airfoil profile leading edge is taken as a coordinate origin, a straight line between the 791 airfoil leading edge and the 791 airfoil trailing edge is taken as an X-axis, an outline curve of the 791 airfoil profile is constructed, and the length of a straight line between the 791 airfoil leading edge and any point on the 791 airfoil outline curve projected on the X-axis is X d ', 791 the airfoil has a chord length C;
the length X of the projection of the fish body osculating tip and any point on the fish body contour curve on the X-axis d The ratio of the length of the fish body M to the length of the fish body is x d /M，x d The coordinate point data on the fish body outline curve with the/M being more than 0.2 is unchanged for x d Correcting coordinate point data on the fish body outline curve with the part of/M being less than or equal to 0.2: putting the shape curve x of 791 airfoil d ' C is less than or equal to 0.2, and the data of the coordinate points respectively replace x on the external curve of the fish body d Coordinate point data with/M less than or equal to 0.2; 791 the connection between the profile curve of the wing profile and the profile curve of the fish body is uniformly transited by adopting an arc method;
fin data correction, including dorsal fin data correction and ventral fin data correction;
correction of ventral fin data: the abdominal curve of the fish body is intersected with the outline curve of the abdominal fish fin of the fish body to generate two intersection points, namely an intersection point A and an intersection point B; the length of a straight line projected from the tip of the fish osculating process to the intersection point A on the X axis is defined as X q X, the length of the projection of the straight line between the tip of the fish osculating process and the intersection point B on the X-axis h The length of the projection of the straight line from the tip of the osculating process of the fish body to any point on the abdominal curve of the fish body on the X axis is X a (ii) a X on abdominal curve of fish body q /M≤x a /M≤x h The part/M adopts an arc method and combines the change trend of the abdominal curve of the fish body to carry out smoothing treatment;
dorsal fin data correction: the back curve of the fish body is intersected with the outline curve of the fish fin on the back of the fish body to generate two intersection points, namely an intersection point C and an intersection point D; the length of a straight line projected from the tip of the fish osculating process to the intersection point C on the X axis is defined as X q ' X, length of straight line projection between tip of fish osculating process and intersection point D on X axis h ', the length of the projection of the straight line from the tip of the osculating projection of the fish body to any point on the abdominal curve of the fish body on the X-axis is X a '; x on the back curve of the fish body q ’/M≤x a ’/M≤x h The part'/M adopts an arc method and is smoothly processed by combining the change trend of the back curve of the fish body;
and tail data correction: the length of the projection of the straight line from the tip of the fish head osculating process to any point of the fish body outline curve on the X axis is X d Wherein x is on the contour curve of the fish body d Data for the part,/M < 0.7, are unchanged, x d The data of the part/M is more than or equal to 0.7 extends backwards according to the streamline directions of the back curve of the fish body and the abdomen curve of the fish body, an intersection point is generated on one side of the fish tail by the back curve of the fish body and the abdomen curve of the fish body, and the intersection point is subjected to fillet treatment.
Preferably, in step S3, dimensionless processing is performed on coordinate points on the back curve and the abdomen curve of the fish body, where the back curve coordinate point of the fish body is defined as (x) t ,f u (x t ) The coordinate point of the abdominal curve of the fish body is defined as (x) t ,f l (x t ) ); back curve dimensionless sitting calibrationIs defined as (x) t ,f’ u (x t ) Dimensionless coordinates of the abdominal curve are defined as (x) t ,f’ l (x t ) Relationships between variables in dimensionless processing are defined as follows:
wherein t represents a coordinate point on the X-axis, u is a dorsal curve of the fish body, l is an abdominal curve of the fish body, and X t The abscissa of a coordinate point on a back curve and an abdomen curve of the fish body is shown, and M is the length of the fish body; f. of u (x t ) As the abscissa is x t On the back curve of the fish body, f l (x t ) As the abscissa is x t The longitudinal coordinate on the abdominal curve of the fish body; f' u (x t ) As the abscissa is x t Dimensionless ordinate, f 'on the back curve of the fish body' l (x t ) As the abscissa is x t A dimensionless ordinate on the abdominal curve of the fish body.
Preferably, the formula for calculating the coordinates of the control points in step S5 is as follows:
|f l (x d )|＝f l (x i )/δ max ，|f u (x d )|＝f u (x i )/δ max
in the formula: f. of u (x i ) Is x i Ordinate on the airfoil back curve at a point, f l (x i ) Is x i Ordinate, | f, on the point airfoil-shaped abdominal curve l (x d ) L is the longitudinal coordinate of the control point on the bionic wing section abdomen curve, | f u (x d ) I is the longitudinal coordinate, delta, of the control point on the back curve of the bionic wing profile max The maximum thickness of the bionic airfoil.
Further preferably, in order to reduce inconvenience caused by errors of fish body scanning to the design of the bionic airfoil blade, in step S1, m fish bodies are scanned, and each fish body is scanned n times to obtain m × n groups of data, so as to obtain m × n fish body profile curves, the m × n fish body profile curves are processed in step S3 to obtain dimensionless coordinates, and the dimensionless coordinates are subjected to data fitting to obtain a smooth fish body profile curve.
Preferably, the data fitting is performed by a least square method, and the specific fitting mode is as follows:
f(x)＝b 0 +b 1 x
wherein:
because m fish bodies are selected for scanning, and each fish body is scanned for n times to obtain m × n groups of data, j takes the value of m × n; in the formula: b 0 And b 1 Is a constant;
x i is the abscissa on the X axis, f (X) i ) Respectively represent the abscissa as x i The ordinate is positioned on the back curve of the fish body or the abdomen curve of the fish body;
to obtain the abscissa x in the mxn groups of data i Average value of (d);
as the abscissa is x i Average values of vertical coordinates on a back curve or an abdomen curve of the fish body respectively;
as the abscissa x i Where i is the average of all abscissas from 1 to j,
as the abscissa is
The longitudinal coordinate is positioned on the back curve of the fish body or the abdomen curve of the fish body.
Preferably, the three-dimensional fish body model is obtained after scanning based on sturgeon as a bionic object.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the bionic airfoil blade designed by the design method has better lift-drag characteristics and hydraulic performance;
in fluids with different Reynolds numbers, the lift coefficients of the bionic airfoil blades are correspondingly increased along with the increase of a stall attack angle, and compared with an NACA0012 airfoil and an NACA0015 airfoil which have excellent hydrodynamic performance, the lift coefficients of the bionic airfoil blades designed by the design method are both larger than those of the NACA0012 airfoil and the NACA0015 airfoil before the blades reach the stall attack angle; the resistance coefficient of the bionic airfoil blade is correspondingly increased along with the increase of the stall attack angle, and before the bionic airfoil blade designed by the design method reaches the stall attack angle, the resistance coefficients are smaller than those of an NACA0012 airfoil and an NACA0015 airfoil; when the bionic airfoil blade designed by the design method is at attack angles of 5 degrees, 10 degrees and 15 degrees, the pressure difference between the upper airfoil surface and the lower airfoil surface of the bionic airfoil blade is greater than the pressure difference between the NACA0012 airfoil surface and the NACA0015 airfoil surface, so that the bionic airfoil blade designed by the design method can generate larger lift force;
(2) according to the design method, in the process of designing the bionic wing blade, data correction is carried out according to the physiological characteristics of the bionic object, a fish body is used as the bionic object, the mouth of the fish is used for better searching for food, the geometric structure of the mouth of the fish does not greatly contribute to the hydraulic characteristics of the wing, the design method is based on 791 wing, and x is used for correcting the physiological characteristics of the bionic object d 791 airfoil data with the/C less than or equal to 0.2 are applied to the bionic airfoil blade, so that the hydraulic characteristics of the bionic airfoil blade caused by the geometric structure of the fish mouth are avoidedThe hydraulic performance and lift-drag characteristics of the bionic airfoil blade are further improved;
(3) because the fins are mainly used for keeping balance in the cruising process of the fish, and the fins do not greatly contribute to the hydraulic characteristic of the wing profile, the design method of the invention also corrects the fin data of the fish body, so that the back curve and the abdomen curve of the bionic wing profile of the fin part adopt an arc method and are combined with the change trends of the back curve and the abdomen curve for smooth processing, the back curve and the abdomen curve of the smooth processed bionic wing profile do not have the fin-shaped structure of the fish, and the hydraulic characteristic and the lift-drag performance of the bionic wing profile blade are improved;
(4) the fish tail mainly aims at pushing a body to advance and controlling the direction, keeping the balance of a fish body and having little contribution to the hydraulic performance of the bionic wing, so that the design method corrects the data of the tail, the tail of the bionic wing extends backwards according to the streamline directions of a back curve and an abdomen curve of the bionic wing, the back curve and the abdomen curve generate an intersection point on the right side of the fish body, and the intersection point is subjected to fillet treatment, therefore, the tail of the bionic wing blade is of a smooth fillet structure after correction, and the hydraulic characteristic and the lift drag performance of the bionic wing blade are enhanced;
(5) in the design method, in the process of smoothing the appearance curve of the fish body model, dimensionless processing is adopted on coordinate points on the back curve and the abdomen curve of the fish body model, so that the problem that the bionic airfoil blade error of a component is large due to the difference of the size and the scanning position of the fish body in the scanning process is avoided, and the accuracy of constructing the bionic airfoil blade by the design method is improved; in addition, the designed bionic airfoil shape has a smooth surface through the smooth processing of the curve, and the resistance of the designed bionic airfoil shape blade in the fluid is reduced.
(6) The design method provided by the invention is used for constructing the control point coordinates, and aims to be suitable for calculating the bionic airfoil blades with different thicknesses and sizes, determining the maximum thickness and the calculation formula of the bionic airfoil blades according to the constructed control point coordinates and the design requirements, calculating the coordinate points of the back curve and the abdomen curve of the bionic airfoil blades to be designed, and conveniently importing engineering software for lofting so as to design the required bionic airfoil blades.
(7) According to the design method, in the process of designing the bionic airfoil blade, a plurality of fish bodies are scanned, each fish body is scanned for a plurality of times, then the operation of the steps is carried out, a plurality of groups of control point coordinates are obtained, the control point coordinates are averaged, errors of the bionic airfoil blade in the design process are greatly reduced, and the designed bionic airfoil blade has good hydraulic characteristics and lift-drag performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sturgeon model according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing lift coefficients of a bionic airfoil blade, an NACA0012 airfoil and an NACA0015 airfoil according to the invention; wherein, Reynolds number Re is 1E 6;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing lift coefficients of a bionic airfoil blade, an NACA0012 airfoil and an NACA0015 airfoil according to the invention; wherein, Reynolds number Re is 3E 6;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing lift coefficients of a bionic airfoil blade of the present invention with an NACA0012 airfoil and an NACA0015 airfoil; wherein Reynolds number Re is 5E 6;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of drag coefficients for a bionic airfoil blade of the present invention with an NACA0012 airfoil and an NACA0015 airfoil; wherein Reynolds number Re is 1E 6;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing drag coefficients of a bionic airfoil blade, an NACA0012 airfoil and an NACA0015 airfoil according to the present invention; wherein, Reynolds number Re is 3E 6;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing drag coefficients of a bionic airfoil blade of the present invention with an NACA0012 airfoil and an NACA0015 airfoil; wherein, Reynolds number Re is 5E 6;
FIG. 9 is a graph comparing pressure curves in fluid at Reynolds number 3E6 for a biomimetic airfoil blade of the present invention with a NACA0012 airfoil and a NACA0015 airfoil; wherein, the power angle is 5 degrees;
FIG. 10 is a graph comparing pressure curves in fluid at Reynolds number 3E6 for a bionic airfoil blade of the present invention with an NACA0012 airfoil and an NACA0015 airfoil; wherein the power angle is 10 degrees;
FIG. 11 is a graph comparing pressure curves in fluid at Reynolds number 3E6 for a bionic airfoil blade of the present invention with an NACA0012 airfoil and an NACA0015 airfoil; wherein the power angle is 15 degrees;
FIG. 12 is a graph comparing pressure curves in fluid at Reynolds number 3E6 for a bionic airfoil blade of the present invention with a NACA0012 airfoil and a NACA0015 airfoil; wherein the work angle is 20 deg.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are further described below by way of specific examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In the embodiment, sturgeons are used as the acquisition model of the bionic airfoil blades, and the specific operation method in the embodiment is also suitable for acquisition of other fish bodies for the bionic airfoil and design of the airfoil blades.
As shown in fig. 1, the bionic airfoil blade designed based on sturgeon as bionic object has an outline curve including a back curve and an abdomen curve, both ends of the back curve and the abdomen curve generate intersection points, two, the straight line distance between the intersection points is the chord length of the airfoil, and the maximum distance between the back curve and the abdomen curve is the maximum thickness delta of the bionic airfoil blade max ；
As shown in fig. 1, an included angle formed by the back curve of the bionic airfoil blade and the abdomen curve of the bionic airfoil blade at the front edge is α, and α is 14.43 degrees; the bionic airfoil blade back curve and the bionic airfoil curve form an included angle beta at the trailing edge, and the included angle beta is 6.42 degrees.
The design method of the bionic airfoil blade comprises the following specific steps:
s1, point cloud data acquisition: freely stretching and fixing the complete sturgeon body on a round table using a non-contact 3D laser scanner, attaching patches for acquiring data to the periphery of the sturgeon body, scanning by using a three-dimensional scanner to acquire point cloud data of the sturgeon, and importing the acquired point cloud data into Geomagic Design X engineering software to acquire a three-dimensional sturgeon model;
in the step S1, in order to reduce the influence of scanning errors on the accuracy of constructing the sturgeon model, m sturgeons are selected for scanning, and each sturgeon is scanned n times to obtain mxn groups of data;
in the step S1, the accuracy of the three-dimensional scanner is 0.03 mm;
s2, constructing a shape curve of the sturgeon body, determining the length M of the sturgeon body: as shown in fig. 2, establishing a coordinate system, taking the snout end of the sturgeon model obtained in step S1 as an origin of coordinates, taking a straight line between the snout end of the sturgeon model and the central point of the fish body and fish tail connection part as an X-axis, and constructing a two-dimensional outline curve of the sturgeon body based on the three-dimensional fish body model obtained in step S1, wherein the outline curve comprises a back curve of the sturgeon body and an abdomen curve of the sturgeon body; the length of the projection of the straight line from the snout tip to the tail tip of the sturgeon model on the X axis is the length M of the sturgeon body;
s3, processing of the outline curve: based on the coordinate system established in the step S2, evenly equally dividing the obtained outline curve of the sturgeon body into k parts along the X axis, obtaining k +1 abscissa including the origin on the X axis, obtaining 2(k +1) coordinate points on the back curve of the sturgeon body and the abdomen curve of the sturgeon body, and defining the back curve coordinate point of the sturgeon body as (X +1) s ,f u (x s ) The abdominal curve coordinate point of the sturgeon body is defined as (x) s ,f l (x s ) ); carrying out dimensionless processing on the obtained coordinate points to obtain dimensionless coordinate points, wherein the dimensionless coordinate of the back curve of the sturgeon body is defined as (x) s ,f’ u (x s ) The dimensionless coordinate point of the abdominal curve of the sturgeon body is defined as (x) s ,f’ l (x s ) Connecting dimensionless coordinate points in sequence, and obtaining a smooth sturgeon body shape curve after smoothing treatment; the relationships between variables in a dimensionless process are defined as follows:
wherein t represents a coordinate point on the X axis, u is a back curve of the sturgeon body, l is an abdomen curve of the sturgeon body, and X t The abscissa of a coordinate point on a back curve of the sturgeon body and an abdomen curve of the sturgeon body is shown, and M is the length of the sturgeon body; f. of u (x t ) As the abscissa is x t On the back curve of the sturgeon body, f l (x t ) As the abscissa is x t The longitudinal coordinate on the abdominal curve of the sturgeon body; f' u (x t ) As the abscissa is x t Dimensionless ordinate, f 'on the back curve of sturgeon fish body' l (x t ) As the abscissa is x t A dimensionless ordinate on the abdominal curve of the sturgeon body; m is the length of the sturgeon body.
Because m sturgeons are selected for scanning in order to reduce the influence of scanning errors on the accuracy of sturgeon model construction in the step S1, and each sturgeon is scanned for n times, in the step S2, m × n sturgeon body shape curves are obtained in total, in the step S3, 2(k +1) coordinate points can be obtained on each sturgeon body shape curve, dimensionless processing is performed on the coordinate points to obtain dimensionless coordinate points, the obtained dimensionless coordinate points are subjected to data fitting by using a least square method, a sturgeon body shape curve is formed after fitting, and the sturgeon body shape curve tends to be smooth, and the specific fitting mode is as follows:
f(x)＝b 0 +b 1 x, wherein:
as m sturgeons are selected for scanning, and each sturgeon is scanned for n times to obtain mxn groups of data, j takes the value mxn;
in the formula: b is a mixture of 0 And b 1 Is a constant;
when the back curve of the sturgeon body is fitted, x i Is the abscissa on the X axis, f (X) i ) Respectively representing the abscissa as x i The longitudinal coordinate of the back curve of the sturgeon body is positioned;
to obtain the abscissa x in the mxn groups of data i Average value of (d);
as the abscissa is x i Average value of ordinate on back curve of sturgeon body;
as the abscissa x i Where i is the average of all abscissas from 1 to j,
on the abscissa of
The longitudinal coordinate is positioned on the back curve of the sturgeon body;
when the abdominal curve of the sturgeon body is fitted, x i Is the abscissa on the X axis, f (X) i ) Respectively represent the abscissa as x i The ordinate of the abdominal curve of the sturgeon body is positioned;
to obtain the abscissa x in the mxn sets of data i Average value of (d);
as the abscissa is x i Average value of ordinate on abdominal curve of sturgeon body;
as the abscissa x i The average of all abscissas when i is from 1 to j,
as the abscissa is
The longitudinal coordinate is positioned on the abdominal curve of the sturgeon body.
Preferably, in step S1, 3 sturgeons are selected for scanning, and each sturgeon is scanned 3 times to obtain 9 groups of data in total, wherein j takes a value of 9 in the formula;
s4, data correction: performing data correction according to the smooth sturgeon body shape curve obtained after the processing of the step S3, wherein the data correction comprises head data correction, fin data correction and tail data correction; obtaining the profile curve of the bionic wing section after data correction, wherein the profile curve of the bionic wing section comprises a back curve of the bionic wing section and an abdomen curve of the bionic wing section, and determining the maximum thickness delta of the bionic wing section according to the profile curve of the bionic wing section max ；
In the above steps, the specific steps of the header data correction are as follows:
based on the 791 airfoil profile, the 791 airfoil profile leading edge is taken as a coordinate origin, a straight line between the 791 airfoil leading edge and the 791 airfoil trailing edge is taken as an X-axis, an outline curve of the 791 airfoil profile is constructed, and the length of a straight line between the 791 airfoil leading edge and any point on the 791 airfoil outline curve projected on the X-axis is X d ', 791 the airfoil has a chord length C;
the length X of the straight line projection of the snout tip of the sturgeon body and any point on the outline curve of the sturgeon body on the X axis d The ratio of the length M of the sturgeon fish body is x d /M，x d The coordinate point data on the appearance curve of the sturgeon body with the/M being more than 0.2 is unchanged for x d Correcting coordinate point data on the shape curve of the sturgeon body with the ratio of M to M being less than or equal to 0.2: will 791 wingX on the contour curve of the mold d ' C is less than or equal to 0.2, and the data of the coordinate points respectively replace the x on the outline curve of the sturgeon body d Coordinate point data with/M less than or equal to 0.2; 791 the connection between the airfoil shape curve and the sturgeon body shape curve is uniform transition by arc method.
The specific steps of fin data correction are as follows:
the fin data correction comprises dorsal fin data correction and ventral fin data correction;
correction of ventral fin data: the abdominal curve of the sturgeon body is intersected with the outline curve of the abdominal fish fin of the sturgeon body to generate two intersection points, namely an intersection point A and an intersection point B; the length of a straight line projection between the tip of the snout of the sturgeon body and the intersection point A on an X axis is defined as X q The length of the projection of the straight line between the tip of the fish body osculating process of the sturgeon and the intersection point B on the X axis is X h The length of the projection of the straight line from the tip of the fish body osculating process of the sturgeon to any point on the abdominal curve of the sturgeon body on the X axis is X a (ii) a X on abdominal curve of sturgeon body q /M≤x a /M≤x h The M part adopts a circular arc method and is smoothly processed by combining the change trend of the abdominal curve of the sturgeon body;
dorsal fin data correction: the back curve of the sturgeon body is intersected with the outline curve of the dorsal fin of the sturgeon body to generate two intersection points, namely an intersection point C and an intersection point D; the length of a straight line projection between the tip of the snout of the sturgeon body and the intersection point C on the X axis is defined as X q ', the length of the straight line projection between the tip of the fish body osculation of the sturgeon and the intersection point D on the X axis is X h ', the length of the projection of the straight line from the tip of the fish body osculation of the sturgeon to any point on the abdominal curve of the fish body on the X axis is X a '; x on back curve of sturgeon body q ’/M≤x a ’/M≤x h ' M part adopts an arc method and combines the change trend of the back curve of the sturgeon body to carry out smoothing treatment;
the method comprises the following specific steps of fish tail data correction:
the projection length of the straight line from the tip of the fish body osculation of the sturgeon to any point of the outline curve of the fish body of the sturgeon on the X-axis is X d Wherein x is on the outline curve of the sturgeon body d /M＜0.7 part of data, x d The data that/M is more than or equal to 0.7 part extend backwards according to the streamline directions of the back curve of the sturgeon body and the abdomen curve of the sturgeon body, the back curve of the sturgeon body and the abdomen curve of the sturgeon body generate an intersection point on one side of the fish tail, and the intersection point is subjected to round angle processing.
S5, based on the coordinate system of the step S2, evenly dividing the outline curve of the bionic wing into a parts, obtaining a +1 horizontal coordinates including the original point on the X axis, obtaining 2(a +1) coordinate points on the back curve of the bionic wing and the abdomen curve of the bionic wing, and obtaining the maximum thickness delta obtained in the step S4 according to the obtained coordinate points max Calculating coordinates of the control points;
the control point coordinates comprise bionic airfoil back curve control point coordinates (x) d ,|f u (x d ) | and bionic airfoil section abdomen curve control point coordinate (x) d ,|f l (x d ) |) according to the following formula:
|f l (x d )|＝f l (x i )/δ max ，|f u (x d )|＝f u (x i )/δ max
in the formula: f. of u (x i ) Is x i Ordinate on the airfoil back curve at a point, f l (x i ) Is x i Ordinate, | f, on the point airfoil-belly curve l (x d ) L is the longitudinal coordinate of the control point on the bionic wing section abdomen curve, | f u (x d ) I is the longitudinal coordinate, delta, of the control point on the back curve of the bionic wing profile max The maximum thickness of the bionic airfoil.
Preferably, the value of a is 20, and the coordinates of the control points are shown in table 1;
table 1 fitting bionic airfoil blade control point coordinates
S6, establishing the bionic airfoil blade: determining the maximum thickness of the bionic airfoil blade according to design requirements, calculating a coordinate point on a back curve of the bionic airfoil blade and a coordinate point on an abdomen curve of the bionic airfoil blade according to the maximum thickness and a control point coordinate in table 1, importing the calculated coordinate points into three-dimensional design software for lofting, and generating the bionic airfoil blade.
Sturgeon bionic airfoil blades, NACA0012 airfoils and NACA0015 airfoils prepared by the method are tested in fluids with different Reynolds numbers, lift coefficients, resistance coefficients and pressure differences of the sturgeon bionic airfoil blades, the NACA0012 airfoils and the NACA0015 airfoils are compared, and comparison results are shown in FIGS. 3-12.
Wherein Sturgel hydrofoil represents a Sturgeon bionic airfoil blade.
1. Coefficient of lift comparison
Fig. 3-5 show the lift coefficients of sturgeon biomimetic aerofoil blades, NACA0012 aerofoil and NACA0015 aerofoil in fluids with reynolds numbers Re 1E6, 3E6 and 5E6 respectively, and the results show: in the fluid with Reynolds numbers Re of 1E6, 3E6 and 5E6, the lift coefficients of the sturgeon airfoil blades are correspondingly increased along with the increase of a stall attack angle, and before the sturgeon airfoil blades reach the stall attack angle, the lift coefficients are all larger than those of an NACA0012 airfoil and an NACA0015 airfoil;
2. resistance coefficient comparison
Fig. 6-8 show the drag coefficients of sturgeon aerofoil blades, NACA0012 aerofoil and NACA0015 aerofoil in fluids with reynolds numbers Re 1E6, 3E6 and 5E6 respectively, and the results show: in the fluid with Reynolds numbers Re of 1E6, 3E6 and 5E6, the resistance coefficient of the sturgeon airfoil blades is correspondingly increased along with the increase of the stall attack angle, and before the sturgeon airfoil blades reach the stall attack angle, the resistance coefficients are smaller than those of an NACA0012 airfoil and an NACA0015 airfoil;
the results of the three Reynolds numbers show that the larger the Reynolds number is, the larger the stall attack angle is, and the maximum lift coefficient is correspondingly increased; before the sturgeon airfoil type blade reaches a stall attack angle, the lift coefficient is larger than that of an NACA0012 airfoil type and that of an NACA0015 airfoil type, and the drag coefficient is smaller than that of the NACA0012 airfoil type and that of the NACA0015 airfoil type, so that the sturgeon airfoil type blade has a good lift-drag characteristic.
3. Pressure difference comparison
Fig. 9-12 show the pressure distribution at the intersection of the airfoil and the mid-cross-section of three airfoils at angles of attack of 5 °, 10 °, 15 ° and 20 °, respectively, and a reynolds number Re of 3E6, showing: the NACA0012 airfoil and the NACA0015 airfoil have similar trends in the same area, namely, as the attack angle is increased, the pressure difference between the upper airfoil and the lower airfoil is increased, so that a larger lift force is generated; sturgeon airfoil blades generate greater lift at angles of attack of 5 °, 10 ° and 15 ° than the NACA0012 airfoil and the NACA0015 airfoil, particularly in the region of maximum thickness, but this region may also lead to cavitation; because the attack angle of 20 degrees is larger than the stalling attack angle of the sturgeon airfoil profile under the condition that the Reynolds number Re is 3E6, the stalling attack angle of the sturgeon airfoil profile can be found in the foreword, and the pressure difference between the upper airfoil surface and the lower airfoil surface is suddenly reduced;
the above results show that sturgeon aerofoil blades have better hydraulic properties than the NACA0012 aerofoil and the NACA0015 aerofoil before reaching the stall angle of attack.
While the invention has been described in further detail in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, and that various other modifications and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should be considered to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A design method of a bionic airfoil blade is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, point cloud data acquisition: scanning a fish body to obtain a three-dimensional digital model, namely point cloud data of the fish body, and importing the point cloud data of the fish body into reverse engineering software to obtain the three-dimensional fish body model;
s2, constructing a fish body shape curve and determining the length M of the fish body: establishing a coordinate system, taking the tip of the fish body osculating process as a coordinate origin, taking a straight line between the tip of the fish body osculating process and the central point of the joint of the fish body and the fish tail as an X axis, and constructing a two-dimensional fish body appearance curve based on the three-dimensional fish body model obtained in the step S1, wherein the appearance curve comprises a back curve of the fish body and an abdomen curve of the fish body; the length of the projection of the straight line from the tip of the osculum to the tip of the tail of the fish body model on the X axis is the length M of the fish body;
s3, processing of the outline curve: based on the coordinate system established in the step S2, evenly dividing the obtained fish body outline curve into k parts along the X axis, obtaining k +1 abscissa coordinates including the origin on the X axis, obtaining 2(k +1) coordinate points on the back curve of the fish body and the abdomen curve of the fish body, performing dimensionless processing on the obtained coordinate points to obtain dimensionless coordinate points, and obtaining a smooth fish body outline curve after sequentially connecting and smoothing the dimensionless coordinate points;
s4, data correction: performing data correction according to the smooth fish body profile curve obtained after the processing of the step S3, wherein the data correction comprises head data correction, fin data correction and tail data correction; obtaining the profile curve of the bionic wing section after data correction, wherein the profile curve of the bionic wing section comprises a back curve of the bionic wing section and an abdomen curve of the bionic wing section, and determining the maximum thickness delta of the bionic wing section according to the profile curve of the bionic wing section max ；
S5, based on the coordinate system of the step S2, evenly dividing the outline curve of the bionic wing into a parts, acquiring a +1 horizontal coordinates including the original point on the X axis, acquiring 2(a +1) coordinate points on the back curve of the bionic wing and the abdomen curve of the bionic wing, and acquiring the maximum thickness delta obtained in the step S4 according to the acquired coordinate points max Calculating coordinates of the control points;
s6, establishing the bionic airfoil blade: determining the maximum thickness of the bionic airfoil blade according to design requirements, calculating a coordinate point on a back curve of the bionic airfoil blade and a coordinate point on an abdomen curve of the bionic airfoil blade according to the maximum thickness and a control point coordinate, importing the calculated coordinate points into three-dimensional design software for lofting, and generating the bionic airfoil blade.
2. The method for designing a bionic airfoil blade according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific steps of the header data modification in step S4 are as follows:
based on the 791 airfoil, the front edge of the 791 airfoil is taken as a coordinate origin, and the space between the front edge and the rear edge of the 791 airfoilIs X-axis, constructing 791 profile curve of the airfoil, the length of the projection of the straight line between the leading edge of the 791 airfoil and any point on the profile curve of the 791 airfoil on the X-axis being X d ', 791 the chord length of the airfoil is C;
the length X of the projection of the fish body osculating tip and any point on the fish body contour curve on the X-axis d The ratio of the length of the fish body to the length M of the fish body is x d /M，x d The coordinate point data on the fish body outline curve with the/M being more than 0.2 is unchanged for x d Correcting coordinate point data on the fish body outline curve with the part of/M being less than or equal to 0.2: putting the shape curve x of 791 airfoil d ' C is less than or equal to 0.2, and the data of the coordinate points respectively replace x on the external curve of the fish body d Data of coordinate points with/M less than or equal to 0.2; 791 the connection between the profile curve of airfoil and the profile curve of fish body is uniform.
3. The method for designing a bionic airfoil blade according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific steps of fin data modification in step S4 are as follows:
correction of ventral fin data: the abdominal curve of the fish body is intersected with the outline curve of the abdominal fish fin of the fish body to generate two intersection points, namely an intersection point A and an intersection point B; the length of a straight line projected between the tip of the fish osculum and the intersection point A on an X-axis is defined as X q The length of the projection of the straight line between the tip of the fish osculating process and the intersection point B on the X axis is X h The length of the projection of the straight line from the tip of the osculating process of the fish body to any point on the abdominal curve of the fish body on the X axis is X a (ii) a X on abdominal curve of fish body q /M≤x a /M≤x h The part/M adopts an arc method and combines the change trend of the abdominal curve of the fish body to carry out smoothing treatment;
dorsal fin data correction: the back curve of the fish body is intersected with the outline curve of the fish fin on the back of the fish body to generate two intersection points, namely an intersection point C and an intersection point D; the length of a straight line projected from the tip of the fish osculating process to the intersection point C on the X axis is defined as X q ' the length of the projection of the straight line between the tip of the fish osculating process and the intersection point D on the X axis is X h ' straight line projection from fish osculating projection tip to any point on abdominal curve of fishLength of shadow on X-axis being X a '; x on the back curve of the fish body q ’/M≤x a ’/M≤x h The part'/M adopts a circular arc method and is smoothly processed by combining the change trend of the back curve of the fish body.
4. The method for designing a bionic airfoil blade according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific steps of tail data correction in step S4 are as follows:
the projection length of the straight line from the tip of the fish head osculum to any point of the fish body outline curve on the X-axis is X d Wherein x is on the contour curve of the fish body d Data for the part,/M < 0.7, are unchanged, x d The data of the part/M is more than or equal to 0.7 extends backwards according to the streamline directions of the back curve of the fish body and the abdomen curve of the fish body, an intersection point is generated on one side of the fish tail by the back curve of the fish body and the abdomen curve of the fish body, and the intersection point is subjected to fillet treatment.
5. The method for designing a bionic airfoil blade according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific steps of data correction in step S4 are as follows:
and (3) head data correction: based on the 791 airfoil profile, the 791 airfoil profile leading edge is taken as a coordinate origin, a straight line between the 791 airfoil leading edge and the 791 airfoil trailing edge is taken as an X-axis, an outline curve of the 791 airfoil profile is constructed, and the length of a straight line between the 791 airfoil leading edge and any point on the 791 airfoil outline curve projected on the X-axis is X d ', 791 the airfoil has a chord length C;
the length X of the projection of the fish body osculating tip and any point on the fish body contour curve on the X-axis d The ratio of the length of the fish body M to the length of the fish body is x d /M，x d The coordinate point data on the fish body outline curve of which the/M is more than 0.2 is unchanged for x d Correcting coordinate point data on the fish body outline curve with the part of/M being less than or equal to 0.2: putting the shape curve x of 791 airfoil d ' C is less than or equal to 0.2, and the data of the coordinate points respectively replace x on the external curve of the fish body d Data of coordinate points with/M less than or equal to 0.2; 791 the connection between the profile curve of airfoil and the profile curve of fish body is uniformly transited by arc method;
correcting fin data, including dorsal fin data correction and ventral fin data correction;
correction of ventral fin data: the abdominal curve of the fish body is intersected with the outline curve of the fish fin on the abdominal part of the fish body to generate two intersection points, namely an intersection point A and an intersection point B; the length of a straight line projected from the tip of the fish osculating process to the intersection point A on the X axis is defined as X q X, the length of the projection of the straight line between the tip of the fish osculating process and the intersection point B on the X-axis h The length of the projection of the straight line from the tip of the osculating process of the fish body to any point on the abdominal curve of the fish body on the X axis is X a (ii) a X on abdominal curve of fish body q /M≤x a /M≤x h The part/M adopts an arc method and combines the change trend of the abdominal curve of the fish body to carry out smoothing treatment;
dorsal fin data correction: the back curve of the fish body is intersected with the outline curve of the fish fin on the back of the fish body to generate two intersection points, namely an intersection point C and an intersection point D; the length of a straight line projected from the tip of the fish osculating process to the intersection point C on the X axis is defined as X q ', X of the length of the straight line projected on the X-axis between the tip of the fish osculating process and the intersection point D h ' the length of the projection of the straight line from the tip of the osculating process of the fish body to any point on the abdominal curve of the fish body on the X-axis is X a '; x on the back curve of the fish body q ’/M≤x a ’/M≤x h The part'/M adopts an arc method and combines the back curve variation trend of the fish body to carry out smooth treatment;
and tail data correction: the length of the projection of the straight line from the tip of the fish head osculating process to any point of the fish body outline curve on the X axis is X d Wherein x is on the contour curve of the fish body d Data for the part/M < 0.7 is unchanged, x d The data with the/M being more than or equal to 0.7 part extend backwards according to the streamline directions of the back curve of the fish body and the abdomen curve of the fish body, an intersection point is generated on one side of the fish tail by the back curve of the fish body and the abdomen curve of the fish body, and the intersection point is subjected to round angle processing.
6. The method for designing a bionic airfoil blade according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the curve of the back of the fish body and the abdomen of the fish body are determinedDimensionless processing is carried out on coordinate points on the curve, and the back curve coordinate point of the fish body is defined as (x) t ,f u (x t ) The abdominal curve coordinate point of the fish body is defined as (x) t ,f l (x t ) ); the dimensionless coordinates of the back curve are defined as (x) t ,f’ u (x t ) Dimensionless coordinates of the abdominal curve are defined as (x) t ,f’ l (x t ) Relationships between variables in dimensionless processing are defined as follows:
wherein t represents a coordinate point on the X-axis, u is a dorsal curve of the fish body, l is an abdominal curve of the fish body, and X t The abscissa of a coordinate point on a back curve and an abdomen curve of the fish body is shown, and M is the length of the fish body; f. of u (x t ) As the abscissa is x t On the back curve of the fish body, f l (x t ) As the abscissa is x t The longitudinal coordinate on the abdominal curve of the fish body; f' u (x t ) As the abscissa is x t On the non-dimensional ordinate, f 'of the back curve of the fish body' l (x t ) As the abscissa is x t A dimensionless ordinate on the abdominal curve of the fish body.
7. The method for designing a bionic airfoil blade according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the formula for calculating the coordinates of the control points in step S5 is as follows:
|f l (x d )|＝f l (x i )/δ max ，|f u (x d )|＝f u (x i )/δ max
in the formula: f. of u (x i ) Is x i Ordinate on the point airfoil back curve, f l (x i ) Is x i Ordinate, | f, on the point airfoil-belly curve l (x d ) L is the longitudinal coordinate of the control point on the bionic wing section abdomen curve, | f u (x d ) I is the longitudinal coordinate, delta, of the control point on the back curve of the bionic wing profile max The maximum thickness of the bionic airfoil.
8. The method for designing a biomimetic airfoil blade according to any of claims 1-7, wherein: in the step S1, m fish bodies are scanned, and each fish body is scanned n times to obtain mxn groups of data in total, obtain mxn fish body shape curves in total, perform the step S3 on the mxn fish body shape curves to obtain dimensionless coordinates, perform data fitting on the dimensionless coordinates to obtain a smooth fish body shape curve.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the data fitting adopts a least square method for fitting, and the specific fitting mode is as follows:
f(x)＝b 0 +b 1 x
wherein:
m fish bodies are selected for scanning, and each fish body is scanned for n times to obtain mxn groups of data in total, so that j takes the value of mxn; in the formula: b 0 And b 1 Is a constant;
x i is the abscissa on the X axis, f (X) i ) Respectively represent the abscissa as x i The ordinate is positioned on the back curve of the fish body or the abdomen curve of the fish body;
to obtain the abscissa x in the mxn sets of data i Average value of (d);
as the abscissa is x i Average values of vertical coordinates on a back curve or an abdomen curve of the fish body respectively;
as the abscissa x i Where i is the average of all abscissas from 1 to j,
as the abscissa is
The longitudinal coordinate is positioned on the back curve of the fish body or the abdomen curve of the fish body.
10. The method for designing a bionic airfoil blade according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the three-dimensional fish body model is obtained after the sturgeon is used as a bionic object to be scanned.
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