CN110597040A - Developing roller - Google Patents
Developing roller Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110597040A CN110597040A CN201910490939.3A CN201910490939A CN110597040A CN 110597040 A CN110597040 A CN 110597040A CN 201910490939 A CN201910490939 A CN 201910490939A CN 110597040 A CN110597040 A CN 110597040A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- inner layer
- mass
- density
- resistance value
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
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- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 4
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 22
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- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 19
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
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- STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-4-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- PDQAZBWRQCGBEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenethiourea Chemical compound S=C1NCCN1 PDQAZBWRQCGBEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 5
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- OPNUROKCUBTKLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(2-methylphenyl)guanidine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1N\C(N)=N\C1=CC=CC=C1C OPNUROKCUBTKLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- XSXHWVKGUXMUQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Os]=O XSXHWVKGUXMUQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KVFIZLDWRFTUEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [K+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F KVFIZLDWRFTUEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 3
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- AFZSMODLJJCVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(SSC=3SC4=CC=CC=C4N=3)=NC2=C1 AFZSMODLJJCVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 3
- OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N (5e)-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound C1C2C(=C/C)/CC1C=C2 OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000994356 Asceles Species 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
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- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
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- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AUZONCFQVSMFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfiram Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(CC)CC AUZONCFQVSMFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001741 organic sulfur group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920006027 ternary co-polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAEZSIYNWDWMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3-trimethylthiourea Chemical compound CNC(=S)N(C)C JAEZSIYNWDWMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWRCNXZUPFZXOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diphenylguanidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=N)NC1=CC=CC=C1 OWRCNXZUPFZXOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQZCAOHYQSOZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-(2-methylphenyl)guanidine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1N=C(N)N=C(N)N SQZCAOHYQSOZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIXNFJTTYAIBNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane;oxirane Chemical compound C1CO1.ClCC1CO1 OIXNFJTTYAIBNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPGFMWPQXUXQRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 CPGFMWPQXUXQRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLBZWYXLQJQBKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(morpholin-4-yldisulfanyl)morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1SSN1CCOCC1 HLBZWYXLQJQBKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016855 F9SO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016861 F9SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006237 Intermediate SAF Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005373 Panax quinquefolius Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNOILHPDHOHILI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetramethylthiourea Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)N(C)C MNOILHPDHOHILI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PGAXJQVAHDTGBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylcarbamothioylsulfanyl n,n-dibutylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(CCCC)CCCC PGAXJQVAHDTGBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAZLUNIWYYOJPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfenamide Chemical compound [Cl-].COC1=C(C)C=[N+]2C3=NC4=CC=C(OC)C=C4N3SCC2=C1C QAZLUNIWYYOJPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940052367 sulfur,colloidal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
- C08L9/02—Copolymers with acrylonitrile
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
- G03G15/0806—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller
- G03G15/0818—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller characterised by the structure of the donor member, e.g. surface properties
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a developing roller which can form a good image with high pure black density and 2-point density, excellent contrast and thin line reproducibility, no concentration unevenness depending on the density of the adjacent images in the transverse direction, and no worry of gradual reduction of the image density of the pure black part even if the image formation is repeatedly carried out. The developing roller includes a roller body, the roller body includes: an inner layer which is a cylindrical crosslinked product of a rubber composition containing a rubber having NBR and an ion conductive agent; and an outer layer made of an elastic material, the roll body having an overall roll resistance valueR1(omega., when 400V was applied) and the roll resistance value R in the state of only the inner layer2(Ω, when 400V is applied) satisfies formula (1): 0.1 ≦ logR2‑logR11.0. cndot. (1) and formula (2): 6.5 ≦ logR2≦8.5···(2)。
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a developing roller used by being mounted to an image forming apparatus using an electrophotographic method.
Background
As the developing roller, for example, a roller body including a single layer formed by molding a rubber composition containing a diene rubber and an ion conductive rubber into a cylindrical shape and then crosslinking the molded rubber is known.
Further, an oxide film may be formed by irradiating the outer peripheral surface of the single-layer roll main body with ultraviolet rays or the like (see patent document 1 and the like).
Examples of the image forming apparatus to which the developing roller is attached include: a laser printer, an electrostatic copier, a plain paper facsimile machine, or a multi-function machine of these.
As one of the image evaluation criteria of an image forming apparatus such as a laser printer, a black solid (black solid) density and a 2-dot density are known.
The solid black density is a density of an image which is black, that is, solid black over the entire surface of the paper surface, and an image with a higher contrast can be formed as the solid black density is higher.
The 2-dot density is a density of an image in which circles are arranged in a square lattice having a lattice length of about 80 μm, which is called an isolated 2-dot, and as the 2-dot density is higher, reproducibility of a thin line in the image can be improved and an image free from blur (blur) or the like can be formed.
However, the two image densities are in an inverse relationship, and it is difficult to achieve a balance.
Namely, there is a tendency that: the pure black concentration is higher as the roller resistance value of the developing roller is lowered, but the 2-point concentration is higher as the roller resistance value of the developing roller is higher, and in the developing roller having the conventional single-layer structure, it is difficult to achieve both of the above-described contradictory characteristics.
Research is underway: the roller body of the developing roller has a two-layer structure including a cylindrical inner layer made of an elastic material and an outer layer made of an elastic material and laminated on the outer circumferential surface of the inner layer, and the resistance values of the two layers are adjusted to achieve both of the two opposite characteristics (see patent document 2 and the like).
That is, the pure black density is related to the resistance value near the surface of the roller body, and the pure black density can be increased by decreasing the resistance value near the surface.
On the other hand, the 2-point concentration is related to the roll resistance value of the entire roll body, and the 2-point concentration can be increased as the roll resistance value of the entire roll body is increased.
Therefore, if
The roller body is configured to include two layers of an inner layer and an outer layer each including an elastic material,
in order to adjust the outer layer to a range in which the pure black concentration can be increased, the resistance value near the surface of the roller body is set to a low resistance state, and the outer layer is adjusted to a low resistance state
The lower inner layer is adjusted to a range in which the 2-point concentration can be increased, and the roller resistance value of the entire roller body combined with the outer layer is set to a high resistance state,
the pure black concentration can be balanced with the 2-point concentration.
However, in the invention described in patent document 2 and the like, the setting of the range of the resistance values of the inner layer and the outer layer is not yet appropriate, and therefore, there is a case where density unevenness depending on the density of an image adjacent in the lateral direction orthogonal to the paper feeding direction of the paper is generated in the formed image.
According to the studies of the inventors, the problem can be reduced to some extent by changing the setting of the range of the resistance values of the inner layer and the outer layer and changing the electronic conductivity formulation described in patent document 2 for the inner layer to the ionic conductivity formulation using epichlorohydrin rubber as a rubber.
However, it has been found that the above configuration has a new problem that the image density of the solid black portion is gradually decreased particularly in the process of repeating image formation.
[ Prior art documents ]
[ patent document ]
[ patent document 1] Japanese patent application laid-open No. 2014-80456
[ patent document 2] Japanese patent laid-open No. 2016-95455
Disclosure of Invention
[ problems to be solved by the invention ]
The invention aims to provide a developing roller which can form good images with high pure black density and 2-point density, excellent contrast and thin line reproducibility, no concentration unevenness depending on the density of images adjacent in the transverse direction, and no possibility of gradual reduction of the image density of the pure black part even if the image formation is repeated.
[ means for solving problems ]
The present invention is a developing roller including a roller body, the roller body including: an inner layer which comprises an elastic material and is cylindrical; and an outer layer laminated on an outer peripheral surface of the inner layer and containing an elastic material,
the inner layer comprises a crosslinked product of a rubber composition comprising a rubber having acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and an ion conductive agent,
the roll resistance value R of the whole roll body1(omega, when 400V is applied) and the roll resistance value R in the state of only the inner layer2(Ω, when 400V is applied) satisfies formula (1):
0.1≦logR2-logR1≦1.0 (1)
and formula (2):
6.5≦logR2≦8.5 (2)。
[ Effect of the invention ]
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a developing roller which can form a good image having both a pure black density and a 2-dot density improved at the same time, having both excellent contrast and fine line reproducibility, and having no density unevenness depending on the density of images adjacent in the lateral direction, and which is free from a fear that the image density of a pure black portion is gradually lowered particularly even when image formation is repeated.
Drawings
Fig. 1(a) is a perspective view showing an entire appearance of an example of the developing roller of the present invention, and fig. 1(b) is an end view of the developing roller of the example.
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a method of measuring the roll resistance value of the entire roll body or the inner layer.
[ description of symbols ]
1: developing roller
2: inner layer
3: peripheral surface
4: outer layer
5: roller body
6: through hole
7: shaft
8: peripheral surface
9: oxide film
10: aluminum roller
11: peripheral surface
12: direct current power supply
13: resistance (RC)
14: measuring circuit
F: load(s)
V: detecting voltage
Detailed Description
As described above, the developing roller of the present invention: comprising a roller body, said roller body comprising: an inner layer which comprises an elastic material and is cylindrical; and an outer layer laminated on an outer peripheral surface of the inner layer and containing an elastic material,
the inner layer contains a crosslinked product of a rubber composition containing a rubber having NBR and an ionic conductive agent,
roll resistance value R of the entire roll body1(omega., when 400V was applied) and the roll resistance value R in the state of only the inner layer2(Ω, when 400V is applied) satisfies formula (1):
0.1≦logR2-logR1≦1.0 (1)
and formula (2):
6.5≦logR2≦8.5 (2)。
according to the developing roller of the present invention, as described above, the roller body has a two-layer structure of the inner layer and the outer layer, and the inner layer is a layer not containing (except) epichlorohydrin rubber to which ion conductivity is imparted by containing NBR as a polar rubber and an ion conductive agent.
Therefore, the roller resistance R1、R2By setting the range of the formula (1) and the formula (2) to satisfy the interaction, both the pure black concentration and the 2-dot concentration can be improved, and both the contrast and the reproducibility of the thin line can be improvedA good image.
Further, it is possible to suppress density unevenness in the image depending on the density of the images adjacent in the lateral direction, and to suppress a gradual decrease in the image density particularly in a pure black portion even when the image formation is repeated.
These cases are also clear from the results of the examples, comparative examples, and conventional examples described below.
Fig. 1(a) is a perspective view showing an entire appearance of an example of the developing roller of the present invention, and fig. 1(b) is an end view of the developing roller of the example.
Referring to fig. 1(a) and 1(b), a developing roller 1 of the above example includes a roller main body 5 having a two-layer structure in which an outer layer 4 made of an elastic material is directly laminated on an outer circumferential surface 3 of a cylindrical inner layer 2 made of an elastic material.
A shaft 7 is inserted and fixed into a through hole 6 in the center of the inner layer 2.
The shaft 7 is integrally formed of a material having good electrical conductivity, for example, a metal such as iron, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or stainless steel.
The shaft 7 is electrically joined to the roller body 5 and mechanically fixed, for example, by an adhesive having conductivity, or is electrically joined to the roller body 5 and mechanically fixed by pressing a member having an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the through hole 6 into the through hole 6.
Alternatively, the shaft 7 and the roller body 5 may be electrically joined and mechanically fixed by using both methods.
An oxide film 9 is formed on the surface of the outer layer 4, that is, the outer peripheral surface 8 of the roll main body 5, as shown in enlarged views in both figures.
By forming the oxide film 9 and causing the oxide film 9 to function as a dielectric layer, the dielectric loss tangent tan δ of the developing roller 1 can be reduced, and the oxide film 9 can also function as a low friction layer to favorably suppress the adhesion of toner.
Further, the oxide film 9 can be formed simply by, for example, simply oxidizing the rubber in the vicinity of the outer peripheral surface 8 by irradiating the outer peripheral surface 8 with ultraviolet rays or the like in an oxidizing environment, and therefore, a decrease in productivity of the developing roller 1 or an increase in manufacturing cost can be suppressed.
The oxide film 9 may be omitted.
The inner layer 2 and the outer layer 4 are preferably formed of a single non-porous layer in order to simplify the structure of each layer and improve durability.
The term "single layer" of the outer layer 4 means that the number of layers containing the elastic material is a single layer.
The "two layers" of the roller main body 5 also means that the number of layers including the elastic material of both the inner layer 2 and the outer layer 4 is two, and in any case, the oxide film 9 formed by irradiation of ultraviolet rays or the like is not included in the number of layers.
In the present invention, the roll resistance value R of the entire roll body 5 is set1(omega., when 400V was applied) and the roll resistance value R in the state of only the inner layer 22The reason why (Ω, 400V applied) is limited to the range satisfying the above formulas (1) and (2) is as follows.
I.e. the resistance value R at the roll1、R2Each common logarithmic value logR represented by the formula (1)1、logR2Difference logR of (1)2-logR1If the amount is less than 0.1, the resistance value near the surface of the roller body 5 cannot be sufficiently reduced to a range in which the pure black density can be increased.
Therefore, the pure black density is insufficient, and the contrast of the image is lowered.
In addition, in the difference logR2-logR1If the resistance value exceeds 1.0, the resistance value near the surface of the roller body 5 becomes too low, and an image failure or the like due to an overcurrent is likely to occur in an image.
In addition, the roll resistance value R in the state of only the inner layer 22logR as a common logarithm2If the resistance value is less than 6.5, the roll resistance value R of the entire roll main body 5 combined with the outer layer 4 cannot be obtained1Sufficiently increased to a range where the 2-point concentration can be increased.
Therefore, the 2-dot density is insufficient, the reproducibility of thin lines in an image is reduced, and the image is likely to be blurred.
On the other hand, the roller resistance value R in the state of only the inner layer 22logR as a common logarithm2When the average molecular weight is more than 8.5, the coating is easyDensity unevenness occurs in an image depending on the density of an adjacent image in a lateral direction orthogonal to the paper feeding direction of the paper.
In contrast, the roller resistance value R is set1、R2When the ranges of the expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied, both the pure black density and the 2-dot density can be increased, and both the contrast and the reproducibility of the thin line can be improved.
Further, by interacting with the layer in which the inner layer 2 is provided with ion conductivity by including NBR and an ion conductive agent, it is possible to suppress occurrence of density unevenness in an image depending on the density of images adjacent in the lateral direction.
Therefore, it is possible to form a good image having both excellent contrast and reproducibility of thin lines, and having no density unevenness depending on the density of images adjacent in the lateral direction.
In addition, the roller resistance value R1、R2When the inner layer 2 is formed as the above-described layer so as to satisfy the respective formulas (1) and (2), a decrease in the image density of the solid black portion, that is, a decrease in the durable image density, when the image formation is repeated can be suppressed.
Measurement of roll resistance value
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a method of measuring the roll resistance value of the entire roll body or the inner layer.
In the present invention, the roll resistance value R of the entire roll body 5 is represented by values measured by the following method in a normal-temperature normal-humidity environment at a temperature of 23 ℃ and a relative humidity of 55%1And the roll resistance value R of the inner layer 22。
Referring to fig. 1(a), 1(b), and 2, an aluminum drum 10 that can rotate at a fixed rotational speed is prepared, and the outer circumferential surface 3 of the inner layer 2 or the outer circumferential surface 8 of the roller main body 5 before the outer layer 4 is formed is brought into contact with the outer circumferential surface 11 of the prepared aluminum drum 10 from above.
Further, a direct current power supply 12 and a resistor 13 are connected in series between the shaft 7 and the aluminum drum 10 to constitute a measurement circuit 14.
The (-) side of the dc power supply 12 is connected to the shaft 7, the (+) side is connected to the resistor 13, and the resistance r of the resistor 13 is set to 100 Ω.
Then, a load F of 450g was applied to both end portions of the shaft 7, and the aluminum drum 10 was rotated at 40rpm in a state where the roller body 5 or the inner layer 2 was pressed against the aluminum drum 10.
Further, the rotation is continued, and when an applied voltage E of 400V of direct current is applied between the roller body 5 or the inner layer 2 and the aluminum drum 10 from the direct current power source 12, a detection voltage V applied to the resistor 13 is measured.
Based on the detected voltage V and the applied voltage E (400V), the roll resistance value R of the entire roll body 5 is set to be equal to1Or the roll resistance value R of the inner layer 22(collectively referred to as "R" in the following formulae) basically the following formula (i'):
R＝r×E/V-r (i')
and then the result is obtained. Wherein one term of-r in the formula (i') may be regarded as minute, and therefore, the present invention utilizes a compound represented by the formula (i):
R＝r×E/V (i)
the obtained value is defined as the roll resistance value R of the entire roll body 51Or the roll resistance value R of the inner layer 22。
Rubber composition for inner layer 2
The inner layer 2 is formed by a crosslinked product of a rubber composition containing a rubber containing NBR and an ion conductive agent to impart ion conductivity, as described above.
〈NBR〉
As NBR, low-nitrile NBR having an acrylonitrile content of 24% or less, medium-nitrile NBR of 25% to 30%, medium-nitrile NBR of 31% to 35%, high-nitrile NBR of 36% to 42%, and very high-nitrile NBR of 43% or more can be used.
The NBR includes an oil-extended NBR whose flexibility is adjusted by adding extender oil, and a non-oil-extended NBR which is not added, but in the present invention, it is preferable to use a non-oil-extended NBR which does not contain extender oil that can be a bleeding substance in order to prevent contamination of the photoreceptor and the like.
One or two or more of these NBRs may be used.
Other rubbers
As the rubber, other rubbers such as diene rubber and ethylene propylene rubber may be used in combination with the NBR.
(diene rubber)
The diene rubber containing NBR functions to impart good processability to the rubber composition, to improve mechanical strength and durability of the inner layer 2, or to impart good properties as a rubber, that is, softness, a small compression permanent strain, and resistance to collapse to the inner layer 2.
Examples of the diene rubber include natural rubber, Isoprene Rubber (IR), Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR), Butadiene Rubber (BR), Chloroprene Rubber (CR), and the like.
Among these, the diene rubber is preferably a nonpolar diene rubber, specifically at least one of three types of IR, BR, and SBR.
·IR
As the IR, various ones that artificially reproduce the structure of natural rubber and have a polyisoprene structure can be used.
Further, as the IR, there are oil-extended type IR in which extender oil is added to adjust flexibility and non-oil-extended type IR which is not added, but in the present invention, it is preferable to use non-oil-extended type IR which does not contain extender oil which may be a bleeding substance, in order to prevent contamination of the photoreceptor.
One or two or more of these IR may be used.
·BR
As BR, various types of BR having a polybutadiene structure in the molecule and having a crosslinking property can be used.
The high cis BR having a cis-1, 4 bond content of 95% or more, which can exhibit excellent characteristics as a rubber in a wide temperature range from low temperature to high temperature, is preferable.
Further, BR includes oil-extended BR whose flexibility is adjusted by adding extender oil and non-oil-extended BR whose flexibility is not added, but in the present invention, it is preferable to use non-oil-extended BR which does not contain extender oil which may be a bleeding substance, in order to prevent contamination of the photoreceptor.
One or two or more of these BR may be used.
·SBR
As the SBR, various SBRs synthesized by copolymerizing styrene and 1, 3-butadiene by various polymerization methods such as an emulsion polymerization method and a solution polymerization method can be used.
As the SBR, high styrene type, medium styrene type, and low styrene type SBRs classified according to the styrene content can be used.
Particularly preferably Mooney viscosity ML1+4SBR having a temperature of (100 ℃) of 60 or less.
Further, there are an oil-extended SBR in which flexibility is adjusted by adding an extender oil and a non-oil-extended SBR in which flexibility is not added, but in the present invention, it is preferable to use a non-oil-extended SBR which does not contain an extender oil that may be a bleeding substance in order to prevent contamination of the photoreceptor and the like.
One or two or more of these SBRs can be used.
(ethylene propylene rubber)
Examples of the ethylene-propylene rubber include: ethylene propylene rubber (EPM) which is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene, and ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) which is a copolymer of ethylene, propylene and a diene, with EPDM being particularly preferable.
·EPDM
As the EPDM, various copolymers obtained by copolymerizing ethylene, propylene, and diene can be used.
Examples of the diene include Ethylidene Norbornene (ENB), dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), and the like.
Further, as the EPDM, there are an oil-extended EPDM in which flexibility is adjusted by adding an extender oil and a non-oil-extended EPDM which is not added, but in the present invention, it is preferable to use a non-oil-extended EPDM which does not contain an extender oil which may be a bleeding substance in order to prevent contamination of the photoreceptor and the like.
One or two or more of these EPDM can be used.
(proportion of rubber)
The ratio of each rubber when the NBR and other rubbers are used in combination as the rubber can be determined by various characteristics required for the inner layer 2, particularly the roll resistance value R2Or flexibility of the inner layer 2.
Among them, for example, the proportion of the NBR when the NBR, the nonpolar diene rubber, and the EPDM are used in combination is preferably 30 parts by mass or more and 60 parts by mass or less of the total 100 parts by mass of the rubber.
When the proportion of NBR is less than the above range, the roll resistance R is the value of only the inner layer 22When the range of the above formula (2) is exceeded, density unevenness depending on the density of an image adjacent in the lateral direction orthogonal to the paper feeding direction of the paper tends to occur on the image.
On the other hand, when the proportion of the NBR exceeds the above range, the proportion of the nonpolar, high-resistance diene rubber is relatively small.
Therefore, the roller resistance value R may be set only in the state of the inner layer 22If the range of the above formula (2) is less than the above range, the roll resistance value R of the entire roll main body 5 cannot be obtained by combining the outer layer 4 with the roll main body1Sufficiently increased to a range where the 2-point concentration can be increased.
Further, the density of 2 dots is insufficient, and the reproducibility of thin lines in an image is lowered, and the image is likely to be blurred.
Further, since the proportion of EPDM having excellent light resistance, ozone resistance, weather resistance, and the like is relatively small, the light resistance, ozone resistance, weather resistance, and the like of the inner layer 2 may be lowered.
On the other hand, by setting the proportion of NBR within the above range, the resistance value R of the inner layer 2 can be set while maintaining the above-described effects of the use of the diene rubber and EPDM in combination2The range of the formula (2) is adjusted.
The proportion of EPDM is preferably 20 parts by mass or more and preferably 40 parts by mass or less in 100 parts by mass of the total amount of rubber.
If the EPDM ratio is less than the above range, the effect of the use of the EPDM in combination may be insufficient, and the light resistance, ozone resistance, weather resistance, and the like of the inner layer 2 may be reduced.
On the other hand, when the EPDM ratio exceeds the above range, the NBR ratio may be relatively low, and the roll resistance R may be2Exceeding the range of the formula (2).
Further, density unevenness depending on the density of an image adjacent in the lateral direction perpendicular to the paper feeding direction of the paper tends to occur on the image.
The proportion of the nonpolar diene rubber is the residual amounts of NBR and EPDM.
That is, when the proportions of the NBR and the EPDM are set to predetermined values within the above ranges, the proportion of the nonpolar diene rubber may be set so that the total amount of the rubber is 100 parts by mass.
Ionic conductive agent
The ion conductive agent is preferably an anion having a fluoro group and a sulfonyl group in the molecule, or a salt (ionic salt) with a cation.
By blending the ionic conductive agent, the ionic conductivity of the rubber composition can be further improved, and the roll resistance value R of the inner layer 2 can be further reduced2。
Examples of the anion constituting the ionic salt, which has a fluoro group and a sulfonyl group in the molecule, include one or two or more kinds of a fluoroalkyl sulfonate ion, a bis (fluoroalkylsulfonyl) imide ion, a tris (fluoroalkylsulfonyl) methide ion, and the like.
Among them, as the fluoroalkyl sulfonate ion, for example, CF is cited3SO3 -、C4F9SO3 -And the like, or two or more thereof.
Further, the bis (fluoroalkylsulfonyl) imide ion may be, for example, (CF)3SO2)2N-、(C2F5SO2)2N-、(C4F9SO2)(CF3SO2)N-、(FSO2C6F4)(CF3SO2)N-、(C8F17SO2)(CF3SO2)N-、(CF3CH2OSO2)2N-、(CF3CF2CH2OSO2)2N-、(HCF2CF2CH2OSO2)2N-、[(CF3)2CHOSO2]2N-And the like, or two or more thereof.
Further, the tris (fluoroalkylsulfonyl) methide ion may be, for example, (CF)3SO2)3C-、(CF3CH2OSO2)3C-And the like, or two or more thereof.
Examples of the cation include one or more of ions of alkali metals such as sodium, lithium, and potassium, ions of group 2 elements such as beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium, ions of transition elements, cations of amphoteric elements, quaternary ammonium ions, and imidazolium cations.
The ionic salt is particularly preferably a lithium salt using a lithium ion as a cation or a potassium salt using a potassium ion.
Wherein the ionic conductivity of the rubber composition is improved and the roll resistance value R of the inner layer 2 is reduced2In view of the effect of (A), (B), (C) is preferred3SO2)2NLi [ lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, Li-TFSI ], and/or (CF)3SO2)2NK [ potassium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, K-TFSI ].
The proportion of the ionic salt plasma conductive agent is preferably 0.1 part by mass or more and preferably 1 part by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the rubber.
When the ratio of the ionic conductive agent is less than the above range, the roll resistance value R is set in the state of only the inner layer 22When the range of the above formula (2) is exceeded, density unevenness depending on the density of an image adjacent in the lateral direction orthogonal to the paper feeding direction of the paper tends to occur on the image.
On the other hand, in the case where the proportion of the ion conductive agent exceeds the range, the roll resistance value R2If the content is less than the range of the formula (2), the content cannot be adjustedThe roll resistance value R of the entire roll body 5 combined with the outer layer 41Sufficiently increased to a range where the 2-point concentration can be increased.
Therefore, the 2-dot density is insufficient, the reproducibility of thin lines in an image is reduced, and the image is likely to be blurred.
On the other hand, by setting the ratio of the ion conductive agent in the above range, the roll resistance value R of the inner layer 2 can be set to be the value2The range of the formula (2) is adjusted.
Crosslinked component
A crosslinking component for crosslinking the rubber is blended in the rubber composition for the inner layer 2.
As the crosslinking component, it is preferable to use a crosslinking agent for crosslinking the rubber and a crosslinking accelerator for accelerating crosslinking of the rubber by the crosslinking agent in combination.
Among these, examples of the crosslinking agent include a sulfur-based crosslinking agent, a thiourea-based crosslinking agent, a triazine derivative-based crosslinking agent, a peroxide-based crosslinking agent, and various monomers, and particularly a sulfur-based crosslinking agent is preferable.
(Sulfur-based crosslinking agent)
Examples of the sulfur-based crosslinking agent include: powdered sulfur, oil-treated powdered sulfur, precipitated sulfur, colloidal sulfur, dispersible sulfur, or an organic sulfur-containing compound such as tetramethylthiuram disulfide or N, N-dithiodimorpholine, and the like, and sulfur is particularly preferable.
In view of imparting good properties as rubber to the roll body, the proportion of sulfur is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and preferably 2 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of rubber.
In the case of using oil-treated powdered sulfur, dispersed sulfur, or the like as the sulfur, the above-mentioned ratio is defined as the ratio of the sulfur itself as the active ingredient contained in each.
In the case where the organic sulfur-containing compound is used as the crosslinking agent, the proportion thereof is preferably adjusted so that the proportion of sulfur contained in the molecule with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the rubber falls within the above-mentioned range.
(crosslinking accelerator)
Examples of the crosslinking accelerator for accelerating crosslinking of the rubber include one or two or more of thiuram accelerators, thiazole accelerators, thiourea accelerators, guanidine accelerators, sulfenamide accelerators, and dithiocarbamate accelerators.
Among them, it is preferable to use a thiuram-based accelerator and a thiazole-based accelerator in combination.
The thiuram-based accelerator includes, for example, one or more of tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide, tetrabutylthiuram disulfide, dipentamethylenethiuram tetrasulfide, and the like, and tetramethylthiuram monosulfide is particularly preferable.
Examples of the thiazole accelerator include one or more of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide, zinc salt of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, cyclohexylamine salt of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, and 2- (4' -morpholinodithio) benzothiazole, and di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide is particularly preferable.
In the above two-type combined system, the proportion of the thiuram-based accelerator is preferably 0.3 parts by mass or more and preferably 1 part by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the rubber in consideration of the effect of sufficiently promoting crosslinking of the rubber and the like.
The proportion of the thiazole accelerator is preferably 0.3 part by mass or more and preferably 2 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the rubber.
Carbon black
Carbon black as a filler may be further blended in the rubber composition for the inner layer 2.
The mechanical strength of the developing roller can be improved by blending carbon black.
Examples of carbon black include: SAF, ISAF, HAF, FEF, etc.
When conductive carbon black is used as carbon black, electron conductivity can be imparted to the inner layer 2.
Examples of the conductive carbon black include acetylene black.
The proportion of carbon black is preferably 3 parts by mass or more and preferably 25 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the rubber.
Other
Various additives may be further compounded in the rubber composition for the inner layer 2 as required.
Examples of the additives include a crosslinking accelerating assistant, a plasticizer, and a processing assistant.
Among them, examples of the crosslinking acceleration aid include metal compounds such as zinc oxide (zinc white); one or more of fatty acids such as stearic acid, oleic acid, and cottonseed fatty acid, and other known crosslinking accelerating aids.
The proportion of the crosslinking accelerating assistant is preferably 0.1 part by mass or more and preferably 7 parts by mass or less, respectively, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the rubber.
Examples of plasticizers include: various plasticizers such as dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate and tricresyl phosphate, and various waxes such as polar waxes, and examples of the processing aid include fatty acid metal salts such as zinc stearate.
The proportion of the plasticizer and/or the processing aid is preferably 3 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the rubber.
Further, as the additive, various additives such as a filler other than carbon black, a deterioration inhibitor, a scorch retarder, a lubricant, a pigment, an antistatic agent, a flame retardant, a neutralizer, a nucleating agent, and a co-crosslinking agent may be further blended at an arbitrary ratio.
Preparation of rubber composition
The rubber composition for the inner layer 2 containing the above-described components can be prepared in the same manner as in the conventional case.
First, the rubber composition for the inner layer 2 is obtained by masticating the rubber, adding and kneading the components other than the crosslinking component, and finally adding and kneading the crosslinking component.
The kneading may be carried out by, for example, a kneader, a Banbury mixer, an extruder, or the like.
Rubber composition for outer layer 4
The outer layer 4 can be combined with the inner layer 2 to obtain the roll resistance R of the roll body as a whole1Adjusted to the range of various elastic materials.
Particularly preferably, the outer layer 4 is formed of a crosslinked product of a rubber composition containing epichlorohydrin rubber and diene rubber.
Epichlorohydrin rubber
Examples of the epichlorohydrin rubber include epichlorohydrin homopolymers, epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide binary copolymers (ECO), epichlorohydrin-propylene oxide binary copolymers, epichlorohydrin-allyl glycidyl ether binary copolymers, epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide-allyl glycidyl ether ternary copolymers (GECO), epichlorohydrin-propylene oxide-allyl glycidyl ether ternary copolymers, epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-allyl glycidyl ether quaternary copolymers, and epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-allyl glycidyl ether quaternary copolymers.
Among these, copolymers comprising ethylene oxide, in particular ECO and/or GECO, are preferred.
The ethylene oxide content in the ECO and/or GECO is preferably 30 mol% or more, particularly 50 mol% or more, and preferably 80 mol% or less.
The ethylene oxide functions to lower the resistance value of the outer layer 4.
However, if the ethylene oxide content is less than the above range, the above-described effect cannot be sufficiently obtained, and therefore the resistance value of the outer layer 4 may not be sufficiently lowered.
On the other hand, when the ethylene oxide content exceeds the above range, crystallization of ethylene oxide occurs, and the chain motion of the molecular chain is inhibited, so that the resistance value of the outer layer 4 tends to increase conversely.
In addition, the outer layer 4 after crosslinking may be too hard, or the rubber composition before crosslinking may be degraded in processability due to an increase in viscosity when heated and melted.
The epichlorohydrin content in the ECO is the remainder of the ethylene oxide content.
That is, the epichlorohydrin content is preferably 20 mol% or more, and preferably 70 mol% or less, particularly 50 mol% or less.
The allyl glycidyl ether content in the GECO is preferably 0.5 mol% or more, particularly 2 mol% or more, and preferably 10 mol% or less, particularly 5 mol% or less.
In order to secure the free volume, the allyl glycidyl ether itself functions as a side chain, thereby playing a role of suppressing crystallization of ethylene oxide and lowering the resistance value of the outer layer 4.
However, if the allyl glycidyl ether content is less than the above range, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained, and therefore the resistance value of the outer layer 4 may not be sufficiently lowered.
On the other hand, allyl glycidyl ether functions as a crosslinking point at the time of crosslinking of GECO.
Therefore, when the allyl glycidyl ether content exceeds the above range, the crosslinking density of the GECO becomes too high, and the segmental motion of the molecular chain is inhibited, so that the electric resistance value of the outer layer 4 tends to be increased conversely.
The epichlorohydrin content in the GECO is the remainder of the ethylene oxide content, and the allyl glycidyl ether content.
That is, the epichlorohydrin content is preferably 10 mol% or more, particularly 19.5 mol% or more, and preferably 69.5 mol% or less, particularly 60 mol% or less.
Further, as the GECO, in addition to the copolymer having a narrow meaning obtained by copolymerizing the three monomers described above, a modified product obtained by modifying an epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide copolymer (ECO) with allyl glycidyl ether is also known.
In the present invention, any of the above-described GECO may be used.
As the epichlorohydrin rubber, GECO is particularly preferable.
GECO is derived from allyl glycidyl ether and has a double bond in the main chain functioning as a crosslinking point, and therefore, the compression set after crosslinking can be reduced by crosslinking between the main chains.
Therefore, the outer layer 4 can be made to have a small compression set and be less likely to collapse.
One or two or more of these epichlorohydrin rubbers may be used.
Diene rubber
The diene rubber functions to impart good processability to the rubber composition, to improve mechanical strength, durability, and the like of the outer layer 4, or to impart good properties as a rubber to the outer layer 4.
The diene rubber is also oxidized by the ultraviolet irradiation to form an oxide film 9 on the surface of the outer layer 4, that is, the outer circumferential surface 8 of the roller body 5.
Examples of the diene rubber include natural rubber, IR, NBR, SBR, BR, and CR.
Among them, the diene rubber is preferably a nonpolar diene rubber, specifically at least one of IR, BR, and SBR, and particularly SBR.
As the SBR, one or two or more kinds of the same SBR as used in the inner layer 2 may be used.
Further, as the diene rubber, CR may be further compounded.
Since CR is a polar diene rubber as described above, the resistance value of the outer layer 4 itself, and hence the roll resistance value R of the roll main body 5 as a whole, are set to be equal to each other1Fine adjustment is performed to function.
As CR, one or two or more of the same CR as used in the inner layer 2 can be used.
(proportion of rubber)
The rubber ratio can be arbitrarily set according to various characteristics such as resistance value and flexibility required for the outer layer 4.
Among them, the proportion of the epichlorohydrin rubber is preferably 15 parts by mass or more and preferably 30 parts by mass or less in 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the rubber.
If the epichlorohydrin rubber content is less than the above range, the resistance value of the outer layer 4 itself becomes too high, and the roll resistance value R of the roll main body 5 as a whole becomes too high1A tendency to become high.
Further, the difference logR is sometimes2-logR1If the resistance value is lower than the range of the formula (1), the resistance value near the surface of the roller body 5 cannot be sufficiently reduced to a range in which the pure black density can be increased, and the contrast of the image is lowered due to insufficient pure black density.
On the other hand, when the epichlorohydrin rubber content exceeds the above range, the roll resistance value R of the entire roll body 5 is present1A tendency to become low.
Further, the difference logR is sometimes2-logR1If the resistance value exceeds the range of the formula (1), the resistance value near the surface of the roller body becomes too low, and an image failure or the like due to an overcurrent is likely to occur in an image.
Further, since the proportion of the diene rubber is relatively small, good processability may not be imparted to the rubber composition or good characteristics as a rubber may not be imparted to the outer layer 4.
On the other hand, by setting the ratio of epichlorohydrin rubber in the above range, the resistance value of the outer layer 4 can be reduced and the difference logR can be reduced while maintaining the above-described effects of the use of the diene rubber in combination2-logR1The range of formula (1) is adjusted.
The ratio of CR is preferably 5 parts by mass or more and preferably 12 parts by mass or less in 100 parts by mass of the total amount of rubber.
If the ratio of CR is less than the above range, the above-mentioned effect of the blending of CR, that is, the resistance value to the outer layer 4 itself and further the roll resistance value R of the entire roll main body 5 may not be sufficiently obtained1Fine adjustment is performed.
On the other hand, when the ratio of CR exceeds the above range, epichlorohydrin rubber is relatively decreased, the resistance value of the outer layer 4 itself becomes too high, and the roll resistance value R of the entire roll main body 5 is increased1A tendency to become high.
Further, the difference logR is sometimes2-logR1If the resistance value is lower than the range of the formula (1), the resistance value near the surface of the roller body 5 cannot be sufficiently reduced to a range in which the pure black density can be increased, and the contrast of the image is lowered due to insufficient pure black density.
The proportion of the nonpolar diene rubber other than CR is epichlorohydrin rubber or the residual amount of epichlorohydrin rubber and CR.
That is, when the epichlorohydrin rubber or the ratio of the epichlorohydrin rubber to CR is set to a predetermined value within the above range, the ratio of the nonpolar diene rubber may be set so that the total amount of the rubber is 100 parts by mass.
Crosslinked component
As the crosslinking component, a crosslinking agent and a crosslinking accelerator are preferably used in combination, and as the crosslinking agent, a sulfur-based crosslinking agent, particularly sulfur, is preferable as in the case of the inner layer 2.
The ratio of the sulfur-based crosslinking agent is preferably about the same as that in the case of the inner layer 2.
In addition, as the crosslinking accelerator to be combined with the sulfur-based crosslinking agent, four kinds of a thiuram-based accelerator, a thiazole-based accelerator, a thiourea-based accelerator, and a guanidine-based accelerator are preferably used in combination.
Among them, the same compounds as those used for the inner layer 2 can be used as the thiuram-based accelerator and the thiazole-based accelerator.
The ratio of the crosslinking accelerators is also preferably about the same as that in the case of the inner layer 2.
As the thiourea-based accelerator, various thiourea compounds having a thiourea structure in the molecule can be used.
Examples of the thiourea-based accelerator include: ethylenethiourea, N' -diphenylthiourea, trimethylthiourea, formula (3):
(CnH2n+1NH)2C＝S(3)
in the formula, n represents an integer of 1 to 12, one or more of thiourea, tetramethylthiourea and the like, and ethylenethiourea is particularly preferable.
The proportion of the thiourea-based accelerator is preferably 0.3 parts by mass or more and preferably 1 part by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the rubber.
Examples of the guanidine-based accelerator include one or two or more of 1, 3-diphenylguanidine, 1, 3-di-o-tolylguanidine, 1-o-tolylbiguanide, and the like, and 1, 3-di-o-tolylguanidine is particularly preferable.
The proportion of the guanidine-based accelerator is preferably 0.2 parts by mass or more and preferably 1 part by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the rubber.
The thiourea-based accelerator also functions as a crosslinking agent for ECO that does not have sulfur crosslinking properties, and the guanidine-based accelerator also functions as an accelerator for crosslinking ECO that is performed by the thiourea-based accelerator.
Ionic conductive agent
An ion conductive agent may be further blended in the rubber composition for the outer layer 4.
By blending the ion conductive agent, the ion conductivity of the rubber composition can be further improved, and the resistance value of the outer layer 4 itself and thus the roll resistance value R of the roll body 5 as a whole can be further reduced1。
The ion conductive agent is preferably a salt (ionic salt) of an anion having a fluoro group and a sulfonyl group in the molecule and a cation, the same as those used in the inner layer 2.
The proportion of the ionic conductive agent is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and preferably 2 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the rubber.
Other
Various additives may be further blended as necessary in the rubber composition for the outer layer 4.
Examples of the additive include an acid acceptor.
The acid-absorbing agent functions to prevent chlorine-based gas generated from epichlorohydrin rubber or CR during crosslinking from remaining in the inner layer 2, and to prevent crosslinking inhibition and contamination of the photoreceptor caused by the chlorine-based gas.
As the acid acceptor, various substances which function as acid acceptors can be used, but among them, hydrotalcite and magarat (magaraat) having excellent dispersibility are preferable, and hydrotalcite is particularly preferable.
Further, when hydrotalcite or the like is used in combination with magnesium oxide or potassium oxide, a higher acid absorption effect can be obtained, and contamination of the photoreceptor can be further reliably prevented.
The proportion of the acid scavenger is preferably 0.1 part by mass or more and preferably 7 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the rubber.
Further, as the additive, the same additives as those used in the inner layer 2, for example, a crosslinking acceleration aid, an acid absorbent, a filler, a plasticizer, a processing aid, a deterioration inhibitor, a scorch retarder, a lubricant, a pigment, an antistatic agent, a flame retardant, a neutralizer, a nucleating agent, a co-crosslinking agent, and the like can be blended.
The proportion of the additive is preferably set to the same extent as in the case of the inner layer 2.
Preparation of rubber composition
The rubber composition for the outer layer 4 containing the above-described components can be prepared in the same manner as in the conventional case.
That is, the rubber composition for the outer layer 4 is obtained by kneading the rubber, adding the components other than the crosslinking component, and kneading the kneaded mixture, and finally adding the crosslinking component and kneading the kneaded mixture.
The kneading may be carried out by, for example, a kneader, a Banbury mixer, an extruder, or the like.
Production of developing roller 1
In order to produce the developing roller 1 shown in fig. 1(a) and 1(b) using the rubber compositions for the inner layer 2 and the outer layer 4, for example, both the rubber compositions are supplied to a two-layer extruder, and are co-extruded and molded into a two-layer cylindrical structure, and then the entire structure is crosslinked to form the inner layer 2 and the outer layer 4.
Alternatively, the rubber composition for the inner layer 2 is extruded into a cylindrical shape and crosslinked to form the inner layer 2, and then a sheet of the rubber composition for the outer layer 4 is wound around the outer peripheral surface 3 thereof, and is molded into a cylindrical shape by press molding or the like and crosslinked, and is integrated with the inner layer 2 to form the outer layer 4.
Then, the formed laminate of the inner layer 2 and the outer layer 4 is heated in an oven or the like to be secondarily crosslinked, and is ground to have a predetermined outer diameter after being cooled, thereby forming the roller body 5 including the laminate.
The thickness of the inner layer 2 can be arbitrarily set according to the structure, size, and the like of the image forming apparatus to be mounted.
The thickness of the outer layer 4 may be arbitrarily set, but is preferably 0.1mm or more, and preferably 2mm or less.
The thickness of the outer layer 4 having a predetermined resistance value is set to the above range, thereby obtaining a predetermined roll resistance value R2When the inner layers 2 are combined, the roll resistance value R of the entire roll body 5 can be set1Adjusted to the range.
Therefore, the following effects can be further enhanced: it is possible to form a good image having both a pure black density and a 2-dot density, excellent contrast and thin line reproducibility, and no density unevenness depending on the density of images adjacent in the lateral direction, and to suppress a gradual decrease in the image density especially in a pure black portion even when image formation is repeated.
As the polishing method, various polishing methods such as dry longitudinal polishing can be used, or mirror polishing can be performed at the end of the polishing step to finish the polishing.
In this case, the releasability of the outer peripheral surface 8 is improved, and when the oxide film 9 is not formed or by a synergistic effect with the formation of the oxide film 9, the adhesion of the toner can be further suppressed more favorably, and the contamination of the photoreceptor and the like can be effectively prevented.
The shaft 7 can be inserted and fixed into the through hole 6 at any time from the cutting of the cylindrical body as a raw material of the roller body 5 to the polishing.
After the cutting, the shaft 7 is preferably first subjected to secondary crosslinking and polishing in a state inserted into the through hole 6. This can suppress the warping or deformation of the roller body 5 due to expansion and contraction during secondary crosslinking.
Further, by performing polishing while rotating about the shaft 7, the workability of the polishing can be improved, and the run-out of the outer peripheral surface 8 can be suppressed.
As described above, the shaft 7 may be inserted into the through hole 6 of the tubular body before secondary crosslinking via an adhesive having conductivity, particularly a thermosetting adhesive having conductivity, and then secondary crosslinking is performed, or a shaft having an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the through hole 6 may be press-fitted into the through hole 6.
In the former case, the cylindrical body is secondarily crosslinked by heating in the oven, and at the same time, the thermosetting adhesive is cured, and the shaft 7 is mechanically fixed while being electrically bonded to the roller main body 5.
In addition, in the latter case, the electrical bonding and the mechanical fixing are completed simultaneously with the press-fitting.
Alternatively, the shaft 7 and the roller body 5 may be electrically joined and mechanically fixed by the above-described two methods.
As described above, the oxide film 9 is preferably formed by irradiating the outer peripheral surface 8 of the roller main body 5, which is the surface of the outer layer 4, with ultraviolet rays.
That is, the outer peripheral surface 8 of the roller body 5 is irradiated with ultraviolet rays of a predetermined wavelength for a predetermined time, and only the rubber constituting the vicinity of the outer peripheral surface 8 is oxidized to form the oxide film 9, so that the operation is simple and efficient.
Further, the oxide film 9 formed by irradiation with ultraviolet rays does not cause a problem such as a coating film formed by coating a conventional coating agent, and is excellent in uniformity of thickness, adhesion to the roller body 5, and the like.
The wavelength of the ultraviolet rays to be irradiated is preferably 100nm or more, more preferably 400nm or less, and particularly 300nm or less, in consideration of efficiently oxidizing the diene rubber in the rubber composition for the outer layer 4 to form the oxide film 9 having excellent functions.
The irradiation time is preferably 30 seconds or more, particularly 1 minute or more, and preferably 30 minutes or less, particularly 20 minutes or less.
The oxide film 9 may be formed by other methods, or may not be formed in some cases.
One or more optional intermediate layers may be interposed between the inner layer 2 and the outer layer 4.
However, considering the simplification of the structure of the roller body 5, the roller body 5 is preferably formed in a two-layer structure in which the inner layer 2 and the outer layer 4 are directly laminated as shown in fig. 1(a) and 1 (b).
The developing roller 1 of the present invention can be used by being attached to various image forming apparatuses using electrophotography, such as a laser printer, an electrostatic copier, a plain paper facsimile machine, and a multifunction machine thereof.
[ examples ]
The present invention will be further described below based on examples, comparative examples, and conventional examples, but the configuration of the present invention is not necessarily limited to these examples.
Rubber composition (A) for inner layer 2
As the rubber, NBR (Nipol) (registered trademark) DN3335 manufactured by NBR [ japanese rui (ZEON) (stock), acrylonitrile content: 33.0%, medium-high nitrile NBR 55 parts by mass, niper (Nipol) IR2200 manufactured by IR [ japanese rui-ton (ZEON) (stock.), 23 parts by mass, and eslen (esprene) (registered trademark) EPDM 505A manufactured by EPDM [ sumitomo chemical (stock) ], ethylene content: 50%, diene content: 9.5 percent and 22 parts by mass of non-oil-extended oil.
The total amount of the rubber was masticated by a banbury mixer, and the following ingredients were blended and kneaded.
[ Table 1]
TABLE 1
| Composition (I) | Mass portion of |
| Ionic salts | 0.1 |
| Crosslinking-promoting assistants | 2.5 |
| Filler | 10.0 |
| Processing aid | 0.5 |
The ingredients in table 1 are as follows. In addition, the mass part in the table is relative to the total amount of rubber 100 mass parts of mass.
Ionic salt: potassium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, EF-N112, K-TFSI made by the electronization of mitsubishi material
Crosslinking-promoting assistant: made of zinc oxide made by Sakai chemical industry (Sakai)
Filling agent: carbon black FEF, Seast (registered trademark) SO manufactured by carbon of east China sea
Processing aid: zinc stearate made by Sakai chemical industry (Strand) SZ-2000
Subsequently, the kneading was continued, and the crosslinking components described below were mixed and further kneaded to prepare a rubber composition (a) for the inner layer 2.
[ Table 2]
TABLE 2
| Composition (I) | Mass portion of |
| Crosslinking agent | 1.05 |
| Accelerator DM | 1.5 |
| Accelerant TS | 0.5 |
The ingredients in table 2 are as follows. In addition, the mass part in the table is relative to the total amount of rubber 100 mass parts of mass.
A crosslinking agent: golden flower printed 5% oil-immersed micro powder sulfur produced by crane chemical industry (stock)
Accelerator DM: di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide, Nacola (NOCCELER) (registered trademark) DM manufactured by Dainihig chemical industry (Daihuai), thiazole-based accelerator
Accelerator TS: tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, a Sanceller (registered trademark) TS, thiuram series accelerator manufactured by Sanxin chemical industries
Rubber composition (B) for inner layer 2
A rubber composition (B) for the inner layer 2 was prepared in the same manner as the rubber composition (a) except that the amount of NBR was 35 parts by mass and the amount of IR was 43 parts by mass.
Rubber composition (C) for inner layer 2
Using 35 parts by mass of a low-nitrile NBR as the NBR [ Nipol (Nipol) DN401LL manufactured by japanese tumbler (ZEON) (stock.), acrylonitrile content: 18.0%,) and an amount of IR of 43 parts by mass, and a rubber composition (C) for the inner layer 2 was prepared in the same manner as the rubber composition (a).
Rubber composition (D) for inner layer 2
A rubber composition (D) for the inner layer 2 was prepared in the same manner as the rubber composition (C) except that the amount of NBR was 55 parts by mass and the amount of IR was 23 parts by mass.
Rubber composition (E) for inner layer 2
A rubber composition (E) for the inner layer 2 was prepared in the same manner as the rubber composition (a) except that the amount of the ionic salt was 0.8 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the rubber.
Rubber composition (F) for inner layer 2
The rubber composition (F) for the inner layer 2 was prepared in the same manner as the rubber composition (E) except that the same amount of SBR [ JSR 1502 manufactured by JSR (strand), non-oil extended ] was used instead of IR.
Rubber composition (G) for inner layer 2
A rubber composition (G) for the inner layer 2 was prepared in the same manner as the rubber composition (a) except that the amount of IR was 10 parts by mass and the amount of EPDM was 35 parts by mass.
Rubber composition (H) for inner layer 2
As the rubber, there were used pyrenyl (epion) (registered trademark) 301L manufactured by GECO [ osaka-soda (stock), EO/EP/AGE ═ 73/23/4 (molar ratio) ] 12.5 parts by mass, Nipol (Nipol) IR2200 manufactured by IR [ japanese rui (zen) (stock), 41.25 parts by mass of a non-oil extended oil, UBEPOL (registered trademark) BR130B manufactured by BR [ stock of yuyu sheng (stock), 41.25 parts by mass of a non-oil extended oil, and 5 parts by mass of perpen (registered trademark) WRT manufactured by CR [ showa-electrician (stock) ].
The total amount of the rubber was masticated by a banbury mixer, and the following ingredients were blended and kneaded.
[ Table 3]
TABLE 3
| Composition (I) | Mass portion of |
| Ionic salts | 1.0 |
| Crosslinking-promoting assistants | 2.5 |
| Filler | 5.0 |
| Acid-absorbing agent | 3.0 |
| Processing aid | 0.5 |
The ingredients in table 3 are as follows. In addition, the mass part in the table is relative to the total amount of rubber 100 mass parts of mass.
Ionic salt: potassium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, EF-N112, K-TFSI made by the electronization of mitsubishi material
Crosslinking-promoting assistant: made of zinc oxide made by Sakai chemical industry (Sakai)
Filling agent: carbon black FEF, Seast SO made by carbon (strand) in the east China sea
Acid-absorbing agent: hydrotalcite, DHT-4A (registered trademark) -2 manufactured by Synchroic chemical industry (Strand)
Processing aid: zinc stearate made by Sakai chemical industry (Strand) SZ-2000
Subsequently, the kneading was continued, and the crosslinking components described below were mixed and further kneaded to prepare a rubber composition (a) for the inner layer 2.
[ Table 4]
TABLE 4
| Composition (I) | Mass portion of |
| Crosslinking agent | 1.05 |
| Accelerator DM | 1.5 |
| Accelerant TS | 0.5 |
| Accelerator 22 | 0.3 |
| Accelerant DT | 0.2 |
The components in table 4 are as follows. In addition, the mass part in the table is relative to the total amount of rubber 100 mass parts of mass.
A crosslinking agent: golden flower printed 5% oil-immersed micro powder sulfur produced by crane chemical industry (stock)
Accelerator DM: di-2-benzothiazyl disulfide, Nocelar DM, a thiazole-based accelerator manufactured by the emerging chemical industry
Accelerator TS: tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, a thiuram series accelerator, Suxel (SANCELER) TS manufactured by Sanxin chemical industries
Accelerator 22: ethylenethiourea [ Ascel (ACCEL) (registered trademark) 22-S, 2-mercaptoimidazoline, manufactured by Chuanyu chemical industry (Strand)
Accelerator DT: 1, 3-di-o-tolylguanidine [ Su xi le (SANCELER) DT, guanidine-based accelerator, manufactured by Sanxin chemical industries (Ltd.) ]
Rubber composition (J) for inner layer 2
A rubber composition (J) for the inner layer 2 was prepared in the same manner as the rubber composition (H) except that the amount of GECO was 15 parts by mass, the amount of IR was 40 parts by mass, and the amount of BR was 40 parts by mass.
Rubber composition (K) for inner layer 2
A rubber composition (K) for the inner layer 2 was prepared in the same manner as the rubber composition (H) except that the amount of GECO was 20 parts by mass, the amount of IR was 37.5 parts by mass, and the amount of BR was 37.5 parts by mass.
Roll resistance value R of inner layer 22Measurement of
The rubber compositions (A) to (F) for the inner layer 2 were extrusion-molded into a cylindrical shape having an outer diameter of 16mm and an inner diameter of 6.5mm, mounted on a temporary shaft for crosslinking, and crosslinked in a vulcanization pot at 160 ℃ for 1 hour.
Then, the crosslinked tubular body was remounted on a shaft 7 made of metal having an outer diameter of 7.5mm substantially the same as that of the user in the production of the developing roller 1, the outer peripheral surface of which was coated with a conductive thermosetting adhesive, and was heated in an oven to 160 ℃ and then bonded to the shaft 7.
Then, both ends of the cylindrical body were shaped, the outer peripheral surface 3 was longitudinally polished using a cylindrical grinder, and then mirror-polished as a finish to an outer diameter of 16mm, and further washed with water, to prepare a sample in which only the inner layer 2 was integrated with the shaft 7.
The roll resistance value R of the sample thus prepared was measured only for the inner layer 2 by the above-mentioned measuring method2(omega, when 400V is applied).
Rubber composition (I) for outer layer 4
As the rubber, there were used 12 parts by mass of pyrenyl (epicon) 301L manufactured by GECO [ osaka-soda (osaka-stra) ], EO/EP/AGE 73/23/4 (molar ratio) ], JSR 1502 manufactured by SBR [ JSR (stra) ], 78 parts by mass of non-oil extended rubber, and 10 parts by mass of xiaopenrene (WRT) manufactured by CR [ showa-electrician (stra) ], 10 parts by mass of non-oil extended rubber.
The total amount of the rubber was masticated by a banbury mixer, and the following ingredients were blended and kneaded.
[ Table 5]
TABLE 5
| Composition (I) | Mass portion of |
| Ionic salts | 1.0 |
| Crosslinking-promoting assistants | 2.5 |
| Filler | 5.0 |
| Acid-absorbing agent | 3.0 |
| Processing aid | 0.5 |
The ingredients in table 5 are as follows. In addition, the mass part in the table is relative to the total amount of rubber 100 mass parts of mass.
Ionic salt: potassium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, EF-N112, K-TFSI made by the electronization of mitsubishi material
Crosslinking-promoting assistant: made of zinc oxide made by Sakai chemical industry (Sakai)
Filling agent: carbon Black (thermal carbon Black), Asahi #15 made by Asahi carbon (Strand)
Acid-absorbing agent: hydrotalcite, DHT-4A-2 from the Synergisical chemical industry
Processing aid: zinc stearate made by Sakai chemical industry (Strand) SZ-2000
Then, the kneading was continued, and the crosslinking components described below were mixed and further kneaded to prepare a rubber composition (I) for the outer layer 4.
[ Table 6]
TABLE 6
| Composition (I) | Mass portion of |
| Crosslinking agent | 1.05 |
| Accelerator DM | 1.5 |
| Accelerant TS | 0.5 |
| Accelerator 22 | 0.3 |
| Accelerant DT | 0.2 |
The ingredients in table 6 are as follows. In addition, the mass part in the table is relative to the total amount of rubber 100 mass parts of mass.
A crosslinking agent: golden flower printed 5% oil-immersed micro powder sulfur produced by crane chemical industry (stock)
Accelerator DM: di-2-benzothiazyl disulfide, Nocelar DM, a thiazole-based accelerator manufactured by the emerging chemical industry
Accelerator TS: tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, a thiuram series accelerator, Suxel (SANCELER) TS manufactured by Sanxin chemical industries
Accelerator 22: ethylenethiourea (Ascel (ACCEL)22-S, 2-mercaptoimidazoline, manufactured by Chuankou chemical industry (Strand))
Accelerator DT: 1, 3-di-o-tolylguanidine [ Su xi le (SANCELER) DT, guanidine-based accelerator, manufactured by Sanxin chemical industries (Ltd.) ]
Rubber composition (II) for outer layer 4
Rubber composition (II) for outer layer 4 was prepared in the same manner as rubber composition (I) except that the amount of GECO was 30 parts by mass and the amount of SBR was 60 parts by mass.
Rubber composition (III) for outer layer 4
Rubber composition (III) for outer layer 4 was prepared in the same manner as rubber composition (I) except that the amount of GECO was 20 parts by mass and the amount of SBR was 70 parts by mass.
Rubber composition (IV) for outer layer 4
A rubber composition (IV) for the outer layer 4 was prepared in the same manner as the rubber composition (I) except that the amount of GECO was 15 parts by mass and the amount of SBR was 75 parts by mass.
Rubber composition (V) for outer layer 4
Rubber composition (V) for outer layer 4 was prepared in the same manner as rubber composition (I) except that the amount of GECO was 12 parts by mass and the amount of SBR was 78 parts by mass.
EXAMPLES 1 TO 6 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1 TO 8
The rubber compositions (A) to (K) for the inner layer 2 and the rubber compositions (I) to (V) for the outer layer 4 were fed to a two-layer extruder in combinations shown in tables 7 to 9, and extrusion-molded into a two-layer cylindrical body having an outer diameter of 16mm, an inner diameter of 6.5mm, and a thickness of 3.5mm, which is a cylindrical body as a raw material of the inner layer 2, and the cylindrical body was mounted on a temporary shaft for crosslinking and crosslinked at 160 ℃ for 1 hour in a vulcanization tank.
Then, the crosslinked tubular body was remounted on a shaft 7 made of metal having an outer diameter of 7.5mm and coated with a conductive thermosetting adhesive on the outer peripheral surface thereof, heated in an oven to 160 ℃ and then attached to the shaft 7.
Then, both ends of the cylindrical body were shaped, the outer circumferential surface 8 was longitudinally polished using a cylindrical grinder, and then mirror-polished as a finish to an outer diameter of 16mm, thereby forming a roller body 5 having a two-layer structure of the inner layer 2 and the outer layer 4 and integrated with the shaft 7.
The thickness of the outer layer 4 is about 0.1mm to 2 mm.
After the outer peripheral surface 8 of the formed roller main body 5 was wiped with ethanol, the roller main body was set and set on PL21-200 manufactured by a special Sen (Sen) light source (strand) of an Ultraviolet irradiation apparatus such that the distance from the outer peripheral surface 8 to an Ultraviolet (UV) lamp became 50 mm.
Then, the developing roller 1 was manufactured by irradiating ultraviolet rays having wavelengths of 184.9nm and 253.7nm every 15 minutes while rotating the developing roller around the axis at 90 ° as a unit, thereby forming an oxide film 9 on the outer peripheral surface 8.
Conventional examples 1 to 4
The rubber compositions (II) to (V) for the outer layer 4 were used alone, extrusion-molded into a cylindrical shape having an outer diameter of 16mm and an inner diameter of 6mm, mounted on a temporary shaft for crosslinking, and crosslinked in a vulcanization pot at 160 ℃ for 1 hour.
Then, the crosslinked tubular body was remounted on a shaft 7 made of metal having an outer diameter of 7.5mm and coated with a conductive thermosetting adhesive on the outer peripheral surface thereof, heated in an oven to 160 ℃ and then attached to the shaft 7.
Then, both ends of the cylindrical body were shaped, the outer circumferential surface 8 was longitudinally polished using a cylindrical grinder, and then mirror-polished as a finish until the outer diameter was 16mm, thereby forming a roller body having a single-layer structure including the rubber composition for the outer layer 4 and integrated with the shaft 7.
After the outer peripheral surface of the formed roller body was wiped with ethanol, the roller body was set and set on PL21-200 manufactured by Sen (Sen) special light source (jet) of ultraviolet irradiation apparatus such that the distance from the outer peripheral surface to the UV lamp became 50 mm.
Then, the developing roller was manufactured by irradiating ultraviolet rays having wavelengths of 184.9nm and 253.7nm every 15 minutes while rotating the developing roller by 90 ° around the shaft, thereby forming an oxide film on the outer peripheral surface.
The developing roller 1 manufactured in each of the above examples, comparative examples, and conventional examples was subjected to the following tests, and the characteristics thereof were evaluated.
Roll resistance value R of the entire roll body 51Measurement of
The roller resistance value R of the entire roller body 5 of the manufactured developing roller 1 was measured by the above-described measuring method1(omega, when 400V is applied).
Determination of pure black concentration
The manufactured developing roller was mounted on HL-2240D manufactured by laser printers (Brother Industries), and an image of 1% density was continuously formed on 30 plain papers under an environment of 23.5 ℃ and 55% relative humidity, and immediately after that, an image of 1 pure black in a 3cm square was formed.
Then, the image density was measured at an arbitrary 5 points on the formed solid black image using a reflection density meter manufactured by Videojet X-Rite (jet), and the average value was determined to be a solid black density. The pure black density was 1.30 or more, which was judged to be acceptable.
< 2 Point measurement of concentration >
As with the solid black density, immediately after continuously forming images of 1% density on 4000 plain papers, 1 isolated 2-dot image in which circles are arranged on a square lattice having a lattice length of about 80 μm was formed.
Then, the image density was measured by the same reflection density meter used for an arbitrary 5 points on the isolated 2-point image formed, and the average value was obtained and set as the 2-point density. The concentration at 2 points exceeding 0.02 was judged as passed.
Evaluation of non-uniformity of concentration
As with the solid black density, immediately after continuously forming images of 1% density on 4000 plain papers, images of 1 halftone area having a width of 3cm and a solid black area of 3cm square adjacent to the halftone area with a space of 5mm in a lateral direction perpendicular to a paper feeding direction of the paper were formed.
Then, the halftone portion of the formed image was observed, and the one with no unevenness was evaluated as good (o) and the one with unevenness was evaluated as bad (x).
Measurement of durable image Density
The developing roller was set in HL-2240D manufactured by Brother Industries (Ltd.) of laser printers, and an image of 1% density was continuously formed on 3000 plain papers under an environment of 23.5 ℃ and 55% relative humidity, and immediately after that, an image of 1 piece of a solid black image of 3cm square was formed.
Then, the image density was measured at an arbitrary 5 points on the formed solid black image using a reflection density meter manufactured by Videojet X-Rite (thigh), and the average value was determined to be the durable image density. The durable image density is set to be 1.30 or more.
The results are shown in tables 7 to 9.
[ Table 7]
TABLE 7
[ Table 8]
TABLE 8
[ Table 9]
TABLE 9
From the results of conventional examples 1 to 4 in table 9, it was determined that the pure black concentration and the 2-dot concentration cannot be achieved at the same time in the single-layer roll body.
On the other hand, the results of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 8 in tables 7 to 9 were used to determine the roll resistance value R1、R2The combination of the inner layer 2 and the outer layer 4 satisfying the expressions (1) and (2) can form an image having both a pure black density and a 2-dot density improved at the same time and having both excellent contrast and excellent reproducibility of thin lines.
In addition, it was also determined that the occurrence of density unevenness in the image depending on the density of the images adjacent in the lateral direction can be suppressed.
Further, from the results of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 3 to 8, it was also determined that by providing the inner layer 2 with a layer containing NBR and an ion conductive agent and having ion conductivity, even when image formation is repeated, a decrease in image density, particularly in a pure black portion, can be suppressed.
Claims (3)
1. A developing roller characterized in that:
comprising a roller body, said roller body comprising: an inner layer which comprises an elastic material and is cylindrical; and an outer layer laminated on an outer peripheral surface of the inner layer and containing an elastic material,
the inner layer contains a crosslinked product of a rubber composition containing a rubber having an acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and an ion conductive agent,
a roll resistance value R when 400V is applied to the whole roll body1(omega) and a roll resistance value R when 400V is applied in a state of only the inner layer2(Ω) both satisfying formula (1) and formula (2):
0.1≦logR2-logR1≦1.0 (1)
6.5≦logR2≦8.5 (2)。
2. the developer roller according to claim 1, wherein:
the rubber also includes at least one selected from the group consisting of isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, and styrene butadiene rubber, and ethylene propylene diene rubber.
3. The developing roller according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
the ion conductive agent is a salt of an anion having a fluoro group and a sulfonyl group and a cation.
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| JP2018112145A JP7075591B2 (en) | 2018-06-12 | 2018-06-12 | Develop roller |
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| JP2019215422A (en) | 2019-12-19 |
| JP7075591B2 (en) | 2022-05-26 |
| CN110597040B (en) | 2024-04-16 |
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