CN110596188B - Composite material flame spread testing device and testing method - Google Patents
Composite material flame spread testing device and testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110596188B CN110596188B CN201911039960.8A CN201911039960A CN110596188B CN 110596188 B CN110596188 B CN 110596188B CN 201911039960 A CN201911039960 A CN 201911039960A CN 110596188 B CN110596188 B CN 110596188B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
- G01N25/22—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on combustion or catalytic oxidation, e.g. of components of gas mixtures
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of airplane testing, and discloses a composite material flame spread testing device which comprises a supporting part, a placing part and an ignition part, wherein the supporting part is arranged on the placing part; the supporting part is used for supporting the placing part; the placing part is used for placing the composite material plate, and a gap for air to pass through is formed between the placing part and the composite material plate; the placing part adjusts the inclination angle between the placing part and the composite plate by adjusting the connecting position of the placing part and the supporting part; the ignition part is used for igniting the composite material plates placed on the placing part. The invention also discloses a composite material flame spread testing method, which can simulate the real scene of an airplane to more accurately test the flame spread condition of various composite materials on the airplane.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of airplane testing, in particular to a composite material flame spread testing device and a testing method.
Background
Aircraft are important transportation vehicles. Non-metallic composite materials, including fuselage skin and structural components, are now increasing on aircraft fuselages, and the flammability assessment of these new non-metallic conforming materials is an important ring in aircraft qualification compared to traditional metallic materials. The impact of the fire flame propagation on these composites, in particular, is hidden, and is directly related to the safety of the aircraft in the use of these composites.
In an aircraft cabin, many tiny gaps often become a way to hide the fire flame from being generated and spread, and therefore, the actual environment of the aircraft cabin needs to be simulated to test the external heat loss of the composite material for flame propagation within the panel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite material flame spread testing device which is used for simulating the real environment of an airplane to test the external heat loss and the internal flame propagation condition of the composite material.
The basic scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the composite material flame spread testing device comprises a supporting part, a placing part and an ignition part;
the supporting part is used for supporting the placing part;
the placing part is used for placing the composite material plate, and a gap for air to pass through is formed between the placing part and the composite material plate; the placing part adjusts the inclination angle of the placing part and the composite plate by adjusting the connecting position of the placing part and the supporting part;
the ignition part is used for igniting the composite material plates placed on the placing part.
The basic scheme has the working principle and the beneficial effects that:
this scheme places the combined material board that combined material made through the portion of placing, can find the angle that is favorable to testing flame to spread through the inclination of adjusting combined material board, simulates the environment when the aircraft is on fire as far as really possible. Meanwhile, a gap formed between the placing part and the composite plate simulates an area which cannot enter the aircraft cabin, so that the hidden flame spreading condition can be conveniently tested.
The scheme can effectively simulate the real situation of the airplane to test the external heat loss and the internal flame propagation situation of the composite material.
The inclination angle range of the placing part and the composite plate is 0-80 degrees, namely the included angle range of the placing part and the horizontal plane or the composite plate and the horizontal plane is 0-80 degrees. Therefore, the simulation of the structure which is arranged in any inclination is facilitated, and the flame spread test of the composite material which forms the corresponding structure is conveniently and truly carried out.
Further, the support part comprises a bottom frame and a bracket vertically connected with the bottom frame, and the bracket is positioned above the bottom frame.
The supporting part is placed on the ground through the bottom frame, and the supporting part is connected with the placing part through the supporting frame.
Further, the placing part comprises a movable frame detachably connected with the support, and the movable frame is arranged in an inclined mode.
During ignition test, the movable frame is connected with the support, and after the test is completed, the movable frame is detached from the support. The movable frame is obliquely arranged, so that flame of the ignition part can spread upwards along the oblique direction conveniently.
Furthermore, a test tray is clamped in the movable frame and comprises a bottom plate for placing the composite material plate, and a plurality of thermocouples are arranged on the bottom surface of the bottom plate.
Through the thermocouple that sets up on the bottom plate, the temperature of the combined material board of placing on the test bottom plate can be come indirect test through the temperature of test bottom plate, and then the burning condition of test combined material board.
Furthermore, the test tray comprises two clamping grooves perpendicular to the bottom plate, and the test tray is connected with the movable frame through the clamping grooves.
Through the draw-in groove, make test panel and movable frame be connected, make test panel's bottom plate parallel with movable frame, make test panel's bottom plate and the same slope setting of movable frame, and then make the combined material board of placing on the bottom plate also place in the slope.
Further, a mounting groove for placing the composite material plate is formed between opposite surfaces of the two clamping grooves, the mounting groove is parallel to the test disc, and a certain distance is reserved between the mounting groove and the top surface of the bottom plate of the test disc.
The distance between the mounting groove and the top surface of the bottom plate of the test tray is the width of a gap formed between the composite plate and the bottom plate of the test tray.
The mounting groove in-connection has the stopper, can adjust the gap width between combined material board and the experimental dish through the stopper. The width of this gap ranges from 1.53 cm to 4.58 cm.
Further, the distance between the mounting groove and the top surface of the bottom plate of the test tray is 2.54 cm.
After the composite plate is placed on the test disc, the width of a gap between the composite plate and the test disc is 2.54 cm, so that the hidden space in a cabin can be conveniently simulated, and the flame spread test can be carried out.
Still install the heat insulating board in the mounting groove, the heat insulating board is laminated with combined material board, and be located combined material board's top surface, combined material board is between heat insulating board and test panel bottom plate promptly, a thermal-protective coating for simulating on the aircraft, to combined material's flame spread in this direction play the effect of blockking, the effect of thermal-protective coating in the real aircraft of simulation, the flame that makes combined material board meet behind the heat insulating board spreads the condition more really, the test result is more accurate, be favorable to obtaining test results such as more accurate flame spread rate and combined material board temperature distribution condition through the experiment.
It is same, can also install soundproof cotton in the mounting groove, soundproof cotton and the laminating of combined material board, and be located combined material board's top surface, combined material board is between soundproof cotton and test panel bottom plate promptly, be used for simulating the puigging on the aircraft, to combined material's flame spread in this direction play the effect of blockking, simulate real aircraft in the effect of puigging, make the combined material board flame after meetting soundproof cotton spread the condition more true, the test result is more accurate, be favorable to obtaining test results such as more accurate flame spread speed and combined material board temperature distribution condition through the experiment.
The invention also provides a composite material flame spread testing method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, adjusting the inclination angle of a placing part;
placing the metal sheet into the placing part, and adjusting the height of the placing part to enable the metal sheet to be in contact with a fire source of the ignition part;
taking away the metal sheet, and placing the composite material plate in the adjusted placing part;
igniting the ignition part, and burning the composite material plate;
and step five, after the combustion is finished, taking down the composite material plate for testing.
The method has the advantages that;
the flame spread testing device made of the composite material can complete simulation of an airplane scene through simple operation, and is simple and convenient in operation steps.
Further, in the first step, the placing part is adjusted by adjusting the inclination angle of the movable frame.
The movable frame is the basic structure of whole portion of placing, adjusts the inclination of movable frame, just can adjust the angle of placing composite board in the portion of placing.
Further, in the fourth step, when the composite board is burned, the flame is burned along the top surface of the composite board, and at the same time, the flame is burned upward along the gap between the composite board and the placement portion.
When the composite board is directly burnt through open fire, the flame combustion is hidden in a narrow space of a simulated aircraft cabin through a gap, the combustion of two different conditions of the top surface and the bottom surface of the composite board is hidden, and the flame spread test on the composite board is conveniently simulated under the actual condition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite flame spread testing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is another view of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the test plate 11, the support 12, the connecting piece 13, the bottom frame 14, the reinforcing plate 15, the movable frame 16, the foam block fire source 21 and the thermocouple 31.
Example one
An embodiment substantially as described herein with reference to figures 1 and 2: the composite material flame spread testing device comprises a supporting part, a placing part and an ignition part.
The supporting part comprises a bottom frame 14 with a rectangular structure, a support 12 is welded on the top surface of the bottom frame 14, and the support 12 comprises two short supporting rods positioned at the front end and two long supporting rods positioned at the rear end. Wherein, the two short supporting rods have the same height, and the two long supporting rods have the same height. The long struts are taller than the short struts. A reinforcing plate 15 having a triangular shape is welded between the frame 12 and the bottom frame 14 to increase a supporting force of the entire supporting portion.
The placing part comprises a movable frame 16 connected to the bracket 12 through four connecting pieces 13. The movable frame 16 is clamped with a test tray 11.
The movable frame 16 is also a rectangular frame structure. The connecting member 13 in this embodiment is a combination of a fastener and a pin, and the left side and the right side of the front end of the movable frame 16 are respectively fastened with the two short struts by the fastener, and then the fastener is fastened by the pin. Similarly, the left and right sides of the rear end of the movable frame 16 are engaged with the two long poles respectively by a fastener, and then the fastener is engaged by a pin.
The test disc 11 comprises clamping grooves used for being clamped with the left rod and the right rod of the movable frame 16, and a bottom plate connected between the two clamping grooves. The bottom surface of the base plate is provided with a plurality of thermocouples 31, and eight thermocouples 31 are uniformly distributed in the embodiment and used for testing the temperature of the base plate.
Open between two draw-in grooves of test panel 11 and have the mounting groove that is used for placing combined material, the mounting groove is located two riser that the draw-in groove is relative, and the mounting groove is along the length direction of activity frame 16, and the distance between mounting groove and the bottom plate forms the gap between combined material and the bottom plate for narrow and small environment in the simulation aircraft cabin, when being used for simulating hidden conflagration, to the test of combined material flame spread.
The movable frame 16 is obliquely arranged between the short strut and the long strut, and the included angle between the movable frame 16 and the horizontal plane is in the range of 0-80 degrees, and is usually 30 degrees.
The ignition part comprises a foam block fire source 21 positioned between two short supporting rods and a placing plate used for placing the foam block fire source 21, wherein the placing plate is positioned between the two short supporting rods and is just opposite to the inclined lower end of the movable frame 16.
A plurality of limiting grooves are uniformly arranged in the direction perpendicular to the bottom plate at equal intervals in the mounting groove, and the limiting grooves can be correspondingly clamped with inward limiting blocks. Redefine the bottom surface position of whole mounting groove through the stopper, adjust the distance between mounting groove bottom surface and the experimental dish bottom plate top surface, and combined material board is when putting on the mounting groove, and combined material board's bottom surface is hugging closely the stopper top surface, can adjust the distance between combined material board and the experimental dish bottom plate through the stopper promptly, adjusts the gap width between combined material board bottom surface and the experimental dish bottom plate promptly, can simulate out the different hidden environment of more gap widths to the combined material board of different thickness. In this embodiment, the adjustable range of the gap width is 1.53 cm to 4.58 cm.
Still the joint has the heat insulating board in the mounting groove, and the heat insulating board is hugged closely together with combined material board, and is located combined material board's top surface, and combined material board is between heat insulating board and test panel bottom plate promptly for simulate the insulating layer on the aircraft, to combined material's flame spread in this direction play the effect of blockking. The heat insulation plate can be made of ceramic fiber plates or other general heat insulation material plates, the thickness of the heat insulation plate can be 0.76 cm to 1.78 cm, the thickness of the heat insulation plate is 1.27 cm, the heat insulation plate is used for simulating the action of a heat insulation layer in a real airplane, the flame spread condition of the composite material plate after encountering the heat insulation plate is more real, the test result is more accurate, and the test results such as more accurate flame spread rate, temperature distribution condition of the composite material plate and the like can be obtained through tests.
In particular, a composite flame propagation test apparatus is used to simulate an inaccessible area in the passenger cabin of an aircraft. The inside of the test tray 11 was wrapped with an insulated metal plate to simulate the insulation and the back of the cabin side wall. The distance from the top surface of the test plate 11 to the mounting groove was 2.54 cm.
When the composite material flame spread testing device is used for carrying out composite material flame spread testing, the composite material is installed on the test disc 11 through the installation groove, and the outer side of the composite material is exposed under the environmental condition of a laboratory. The tray at the bottom of the test tray 11 was an insulated housing and the block fire source 21 was a 10.16 x 22.86 cm block of untreated polyurethane foam soaked with 10 ml of heptane at the bottom and evenly soaked in the top surface of the block to promote even burning. A nail is welded in the middle of the placing tray to fix the foam block fire source 21. A semicircular metal sheath insulated with a fiberglass bat was placed around the foam block to prevent heat loss and to direct the heat to the test disk 11. The test tray 11 is at an angle of 30 degrees to the horizontal. During the test, the temperature of the test tray 11 was measured using a k-type thermocouple 31, the thermocouple 31 was placed within the length of the inner surface 1/8 of the bottom plate of the test tray 11, 7.62 cm on each side of the vertical centerline of the bottom plate, and the rate of heat loss from the outer and back surfaces of the test tray 11 was controlled by one of two methods. The first method was to place a 12.7mm thick Ceramic Fiber Board (CFB) directly on the outer surface of the test tray 11, which measures 457.2mm wide by 1219.2mm long.
All tests were conducted in a 26 'x 52' laboratory having a ceiling of 6 meters on a side, relatively constant temperature, ranging from 60 ° F to 80 ° F (15.5 ℃ to 26.6 ℃). The foam block fire source 21 was prepared by measuring 10 ml of heptane in a measuring cylinder. Heptane was poured into the resting tray and the bottom of the foam block (10.16 cm square) was used to absorb heptane from the resting tray. The center of the foam block is then pierced by the spikes on the foam block holder 12 and pushed down so that the heptane-saturated end of the foam block is flush with the surface of the foam block holder 12. The foam block holder 12 is then placed into the firebox end of the test apparatus, horizontally aligned on the centerline of the test tray 11. A flat metal plate of 457.2mm wide by 304.8mm long was placed through the mounting slot into the movable frame 16 to determine the distance from the test tray 11 to the foam block, as shown in fig. 2. The upper edge of the foam block is in contact with the inner surface of the metal sheet. The metal plate is then removed and replaced with a composite plate and mounted on the test tray 11.
In order to prevent the composite plate from bending in the heating process, the composite plate is fixed on the position tested by the metal plate in advance by using a clamp. The foam block was ignited with a hand-held lighter and the worker left the room and observed the test remotely. The test is considered complete when the test instrument does not emit any visible smoke. Subsequently, the laboratory is evacuated with an exhaust fan and the staff re-enters the room to remove the test tray 11. After the test disc 11 had cooled, the length and width of the burn was measured. Burn areas are considered as evidence of those showing resin loss and surface exposed carbon fibers. And (6) completing the test.
In the test process, the temperature distribution condition is measured in real time by a plurality of thermocouples arranged on the bottom plate, the measured peak temperature, the time to peak value and the peak width are changed along with the time, and a time-temperature curve is drawn by the existing method to obtain the relation between the temperature profile width and the measured combustion length. The corresponding data such as temperature distribution, combustion length, convective heat loss and the like measured by the composite material flame spread testing device can be continuously adjusted and screened according to the testing result.
Example two
The difference with the first embodiment is that in the first embodiment, soundproof cotton can be clamped and mounted in the mounting groove, the soundproof cotton is attached to the composite material plate and is located on the top surface of the composite material plate, namely the composite material plate is located between the soundproof cotton and the test disc bottom plate. In order to make the soundproof cotton can better laminate with the combined material board and can not influence the test result because of increasing other materials, make a frame that is used for opening soundproof cotton in soundproof cotton's non-area of receiving a fire all around, soundproof cotton forms the lamellar structure who has certain weight with this frame together, and the joint is in the mounting groove more easily, puts on the combined material board simultaneously. Through installing soundproof cotton like this, be used for simulating the puigging on the aircraft, to the flame spread of combined material in this direction play the effect of blockking, simulate the effect of puigging in real aircraft, make the combined material board more true meeting the flame spreading condition behind the soundproof cotton, the test result is more accurate, is favorable to obtaining test results such as more accurate flame spreading speed and combined material board temperature distribution condition through the experiment.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention, and common general knowledge in the field of known specific structures and characteristics is not described herein in any greater extent than that known in the art at the filing date or prior to the priority date of the application, so that those skilled in the art can now appreciate that all of the above-described techniques in this field and have the ability to apply routine experimentation before this date can be combined with one or more of the present teachings to complete and implement the present invention, and that certain typical known structures or known methods do not pose any impediments to the implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be defined by the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The composite material flame spread testing device is characterized in that: comprises a supporting part, a placing part and an ignition part;
the supporting part is used for supporting the placing part;
the placing part is used for placing the composite material plate, and a gap for air to pass through is formed between the placing part and the composite material plate; the placing part adjusts the inclination angle of the placing part and the composite plate by adjusting the connecting position of the placing part and the supporting part;
the ignition part is used for igniting the composite material plate placed on the placing part;
the supporting part comprises a bottom frame and a bracket vertically connected with the bottom frame, and the bracket is positioned above the bottom frame;
the placing part comprises a movable frame detachably connected with the bracket, and the movable frame is obliquely arranged;
a test tray is clamped in the movable frame and comprises a bottom plate for placing the composite material plate, and a plurality of thermocouples are arranged on the bottom surface of the bottom plate;
the test tray comprises two clamping grooves perpendicular to the bottom plate, and the test tray is connected with the movable frame through the clamping grooves;
a mounting groove for placing the composite material plate is arranged between the opposite surfaces of the two clamping grooves, the mounting groove is parallel to the test disc, and a certain distance is reserved between the mounting groove and the top surface of the bottom plate of the test disc; the distance between the mounting groove and the top surface of the bottom plate of the test tray is the width of a gap formed between the composite material plate and the bottom plate of the test tray; a limiting block is connected in the mounting groove, and the width of a gap between the composite material plate and the test disc can be adjusted through the limiting block; the gap width ranges from 1.53 cm to 4.58 cm.
2. The composite flame spread test apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the mounting groove and the top surface of the bottom plate of the test tray is 2.54 centimeters.
3. The composite material flame spread test method is characterized by comprising the following steps: a flame spread test apparatus using the composite of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one, adjusting the inclination angle of a placing part;
placing the metal sheet into the placing part, and adjusting the height of the placing part to enable the metal sheet to be in contact with a fire source of the ignition part;
taking away the metal sheet, and placing the composite material plate in the adjusted placing part;
igniting the ignition part, and burning the composite material plate;
step five, after the combustion is finished, taking down the composite material plate for testing;
in the first step, the placing part is adjusted by adjusting the inclination angle of the movable frame.
4. The composite flame spread test method of claim 3, wherein: in the fourth step, when the composite board is burned, the flame is burned along the top surface of the composite board, and the flame is burned upward along the gap between the composite board and the placement portion.
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| CN112305145B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-07-19 | 中国民用航空总局第二研究所 | Combustion spreading test device and test method thereof |
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