CN110595607A - Photoacoustic point source-based water-immersed transducer sound field characterization equipment and use method thereof - Google Patents
Photoacoustic point source-based water-immersed transducer sound field characterization equipment and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110595607A CN110595607A CN201910915377.2A CN201910915377A CN110595607A CN 110595607 A CN110595607 A CN 110595607A CN 201910915377 A CN201910915377 A CN 201910915377A CN 110595607 A CN110595607 A CN 110595607A
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- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010895 photoacoustic effect Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001028 reflection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005290 field theory Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005316 response function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
- G01H11/06—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/002—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means for representing acoustic field distribution
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/008—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means by using ultrasonic waves
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a photoacoustic point source-based sound field characterization device for a water immersed transducer and a using method thereof. The use method comprises the following steps: a. adjusting the height of the objective lens to enable the photoacoustic imitation body to be positioned on the focal plane of the objective lens; b. the laser generates a pulse point sound source on the photoacoustic imitation body; c. selecting a photoacoustic point source as an origin, adjusting the position of the transducer and marking; d. measuring a pulse signal of the photoacoustic point source; e. and d, under the drive of the high-precision displacement table, the transducer reaches a new coordinate position, and the step d is repeated to measure the space impulse response of different coordinate positions. The invention is simple and convenient and has high detection precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of transducer characterization, and particularly relates to a photoacoustic point source-based acoustic field characterization device for a water-immersed transducer and a using method thereof.
Background
The water immersed transducer is used as an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving device, and has important application in the aspects of ultrasonic imaging, nondestructive testing, ultrasonic positioning and the like. Although the sound field theory prediction of the water immersed transducer is in good agreement with the actual comparison, the distribution of the actually measured sound field is still one of the insubstantials for detecting the quality of the water immersed transducer.
The existing ultrasonic water-immersed transducer sound field measurement mainly comprises two methods, namely a ball reflection method and a hydrophone measurement method. The spherical reflection method utilizes a transducer to transmit a continuous ultrasonic wave or a pulse sound wave into water, and if a sphere has a smooth surface, the transmitted ultrasonic wave is reflected by an original path only on the surface of the small sphere in the direction perpendicular to the transmitted sound wave, other vertical points deviated from the original path are reflected to other directions, the sound wave reflected along the original path is received by the transducer again, and the response of the sound wave is just equal to the response of the reflection point of the small sphere. However, in practice, there are several disadvantages: (1) the surface of the sphere itself cannot be perfectly smooth; (2) the aperture of the transducer is sized so that ultrasound reflected from a non-perpendicular point of the sphere will still be received by the transducer. Hydrophone measurements also suffer from the following problems: (1) for example, the diameter of the tip of the hydrophone is larger, so that the sound field generated by the transducer in water cannot be measured with high resolution; (2) hydrophones are expensive to manufacture, and the bandwidth of the hydrophones limits the representation of a broadband sound field.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide the acoustic field characterization device of the water immersed transducer based on the photoacoustic point source, which is simple and convenient and has high measurement precision.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a water immersion transducer based on a photoacoustic point source, which comprises a light spot focusing and imaging light path, an ultrasonic signal acquisition and storage mechanism, a high-precision displacement table and a water tank. The ultrasonic signal acquisition and storage mechanism comprises an ultrasonic water immersion transducer, a preamplifier, an oscilloscope and a computer, wherein the ultrasonic water immersion transducer is immersed in a water tank, the ultrasonic water immersion transducer is controlled to move by a high-precision displacement table, an ultrasonic signal excited by laser is transmitted in de-bubble water in a spherical wave form, the laser is focused on an opto-acoustic imitation body by a light spot focusing and imaging light path to form a point, the point excites the opto-acoustic signal to be transmitted to the ultrasonic water immersion transducer, the signal is amplified by the preamplifier and then is transmitted to the oscilloscope for data acquisition, and finally all data are transmitted to the computer.
The light spot focusing and imaging optical path comprises a nanosecond pulse laser, a plano-concave lens, a plano-convex lens, a light reflector, a beam splitter, a sleeve lens, a biconvex lens, a Photoelectric Detector (PD), a charge coupled camera and an objective lens, wherein pulse laser emits pulse laser, the light beam is expanded to 3 times through the plano-concave lens and the plano-convex lens and then is divided into two beams by the beam splitter, one part of reflected light (accounting for 8 percent of the total energy) is focused through the biconvex lens and then detected by the photoelectric detector for energy calibration, the other part of transmitted light (accounting for 92 percent of the total energy) is focused at a focus through the objective lens (20X, NA is 0.4) to form a light spot, the light is scattered, then passes through the objective lens, is reflected by the beam splitter, passes through the sleeve lens and is imaged by an electric Coupled Camera (CCD) on a. The signal of the photoelectric detector is collected by the oscilloscope and transmitted to the computer, and the image collected by the electric Coupling Camera (CCD) is also transmitted to the computer.
The three high-precision displacement tables are respectively responsible for displacement in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction and drive the water-immersed transducer to move to carry out a sweeping experiment. The water tank comprises a tank body and a photoacoustic imitation body filled with red ink. The water in the box body is subjected to degassing treatment. The thickness of the photo-acoustic imitation red ink is 2-2.5 mm, and preferably 2 mm.
The device is not limited to the representation of the sound field of the water immersion ultrasonic transducer, and the red ink imitation body is replaced by a thin steel plate and can also be used for the representation of the sound field of the loudspeaker in the air environment.
The photoacoustic point source-based acoustic field characterization method of the water-immersed transducer comprises the following steps:
(a) the height of the objective lens is adjusted, so that the photoacoustic imitation body is just positioned on the focal plane of the objective lens, and the upper surface of the photoacoustic imitation body is just immersed in the water in the box body;
(b) laser is focused into a point through an objective lens and irradiates the photoacoustic imitation body to generate a pulsed point sound source;
(c) selecting a photoacoustic point source as an origin O (0, 0, 0) of a three-dimensional space coordinate, taking the geographical east as an x axis, the geographical south as a z axis and the direction vertical to the central axis of the water immersed transducer as a y axis, adjusting the position of the water immersed transducer to be analyzed, and marking the coordinate r where the photoacoustic point source is located1＝(x1，y1，z1)；
(d) Measuring the pulse signal of the photoacoustic point source by using the to-be-measured immersed transducer, namely the spatial impulse response h (r) of the transducer relative to the sound source1，t)；
(e) Driven by a high-precision displacement table, the ultrasonic water-immersed transducer to be analyzed reaches a new coordinate position ri＝(xi，yi， zi) (i is 1, 2, 3 … N), repeating d steps to measure space impulse response h (r) of different coordinate positioni，t)。
Measuring the spatial impulse response h (r) of the transduceriT) after which the sound field distribution p (r) can be obtainediAnd t) is expressed as:
where ρ is0Is the density of the medium, vnIs the vibration speed of the surface of the ultrasonic water-immersed transducer (21).
The working principle is as follows: the method has the core idea that the transducer responds to the space impulse of a pulse point source, and a sound field generated in a micro area can be regarded as the point source in the space as long as the size of the area is less than half of the central wavelength of the ultrasonic water-immersed transducer; due to the short pulse time of the laser, the bandwidth of the generated ultrasonic signal can reach more than several hundred of megabytes. In summary, a sound source excited by the photoacoustic effect can be considered as an ideal impact point sound source. The electrical signal generated by the ultrasonic water-immersed transducer reflects the spatial impulse response of the transducer to that point. And changing the spatial relative position of the point source and the ultrasonic water-immersed transducer to obtain the spatial impact response of the ultrasonic water-immersed transducer relative to the pulse point source. According to the theory of acoustic reciprocity, knowing the spatial impulse response of an ultrasonic water-immersed transducer, the sound field distribution generated by different excitation signals can be known. The sound field distribution of different excitation signals can be obtained by convolution of the excitation signals of the ultrasonic water-immersed transducer and the spatial impact response function of the ultrasonic water-immersed transducer.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable characteristics:
1. because the laser spot focus point is about 5 μm, the bandwidth of the generated photoacoustic signal is about 200MHz, the space impulse response measurement accuracy of the transducer is high;
2. a high-frequency ultrasonic transmitting circuit is not needed, and hardware equipment is simple and easy to realize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a test schematic of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, in the experimental apparatus, water with air removed is added into a tank 41, the temperature of the water is controlled at room temperature (25 ℃), and an ultrasonic water-immersed transducer 21 of a sound field to be measured is immersed in the water. The nanosecond pulse laser 11 generates pulse laser with the pulse length of 4-6ns and the spot diameter of 3mm, and the pulse energy of single laser is 100 muJ. In order to obtain a focused spot as small as possible, it is necessary to enlarge the spot diameter incident into the objective lens, so the laser light passes through a plano-concave lens 12 having a focal length of-30 mm and a plano-convex lens 13 having a focal length of 120mm in order. The light spot is enlarged by 4 times, and the diameter reaches 12 mm. The laser light then passes through a light mirror 14, a beam splitter 15 in that order.
After the laser passes through the beam splitter 15, 8% of incident light is reflected by the beam splitter 15, and then is incident on the photoelectric detector 18 through the double-convex lens 17, so as to calibrate the fluctuation of the laser energy. 92% of the transmitted light passes through an objective lens 110 at 20X, NA ═ 0.4 and is finally focused onto the upper surface of a layer of red ink having a thickness of about 2mm, the Optical Density (Optical Density) of the ink being about 2.5. The red ink absorbs the laser to generate a broadband, point source ultrasonic signal. The signal is transmitted to the ultrasonic water-immersed transducer 21 through the water body, and the spatial impact response of the relative position is obtained.
In order to determine the size of the light spot, the light spot is observed by the weak light scattered by the red ink and imaged on a charge coupled camera 19(CCD camera) after passing through the objective lens 110 and the sleeve lens 16. After receiving the ultrasonic signal, the ultrasonic transducer 21 is amplified to 39dB by the preamplifier 22 and then collected by the oscilloscope 23. While the oscilloscope 23 has to collect the signal of the photodetector 18. Finally, the oscilloscope 23 transmits the acquired waveform data of the ultrasonic water-immersed transducer 21 and the light intensity data of the photoelectric detector 18 to the computer 24 for storage. At the same time, the computer 24 is connected with the CCD camera 19 to receive the image information of the light spot. The computer 24 is also connected with the high-precision displacement table 3 to control the movement of the high-precision displacement table.
The implementation steps are as follows:
(1) the devices are assembled according to fig. 1, and the height of the objective lens 110 is adjusted so that the upper surface of the red ink in contact with air is just above the focal plane of the objective lens 110;
(2) adjusting the high-precision displacement table 3 to enable the ultrasonic water-immersed transducer 21 to be at an initial point position, wherein the initial position is selected from the axial line position of the ultrasonic water-immersed transducer 21 and is most suitable for being close to the ultrasonic water-immersed transducer 21;
(3) the generated laser light is at a first position r1＝(x1，y1，z1) Obtaining a spatial response h (r)1T) and laser intensity I (r)1) Data; the physical meaning of which can be understood as that shown in figure 2, a wide band, point source pulse ultrasonic wave is excited by using the photoacoustic effect at the position r1, and r is2A test ultrasonic water-immersed transducer 21 is positioned. The electrical signal generated by the ultrasonic water-immersed transducer 21 can reflect the spatial impact response of the transducer to the point;
(4) controlled by computer 24The high-precision displacement table 3 drives the transducer to move at different spatial positions ri＝(xi，yi，zi) Obtaining a spatial response h (r)iT) and laser intensity I (r)i). Finally, the spatial impulse response of the ultrasonic water-immersed transducer 21 can be known after the scanning of the region of interest is finished, and the information such as the intensity and peak intensity of the sound field can be calculated through the spatial impulse response.
The sound pressure is calculated as follows:
where ρ is0Is the density of the medium, vnThe speed of vibration of the surface of the ultrasonic water-immersed transducer 21 by the drive signal.
Claims (9)
1. A photoacoustic point source-based acoustic field characterization device for a water-immersed transducer is characterized in that: including light spot focus and formation of image light path (1), ultrasonic signal gathers storage mechanism (2), high accuracy displacement platform (3) and water tank (4), ultrasonic signal gathers storage mechanism (2) and includes supersound water-immersed transducer (21), preamplifier (22), oscilloscope (23) and computer (24), supersound water-immersed transducer (21) immerses water tank (4), drives supersound water-immersed transducer (21) motion through high accuracy displacement platform (3), light spot focus and formation of a point on light sound imitative body (42) is focused laser to, and this point arouses that optoacoustic signal propagates to supersound water-immersed transducer (21), and the signal is sent into oscilloscope (23) and is carried out data acquisition after being enlargied by preamplifier (22), and is last to have all data to give computer (24).
2. The acoustic field characterization device for the water-immersed transducer based on the photoacoustic point source as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the light spot focusing and imaging optical path (1) comprises a nanosecond pulse laser (11), a plano-concave lens (12), a plano-convex lens (13), a light reflector (14), a beam splitter (15), a sleeve lens (16), a biconvex lens (17), a photoelectric detector (18), a charge coupled camera (19) and an objective lens (110), wherein the pulse laser (11) emits pulse laser, a light beam is expanded after passing through the plano-concave lens (12) and the plano-convex lens (13), the laser beam is divided into two beams after being expanded by the beam splitter (15), one part of reflected light is focused by the biconvex lens (17) and then detected by the photoelectric detector (18) for single pulse laser energy calibration, the other part of transmitted light is focused on a focal plane through the objective lens (110) to form a 'point' light spot ', the' light spot is scattered and then passes through the objective lens (110) and then is reflected by the beam splitter (15) and passes, and imaged by an electrically coupled camera (19) in the focal plane of the sleeve lens (16).
3. The acoustic field characterization device for the water-immersed transducer based on the photoacoustic point source as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the signal of the photoelectric detector (18) is collected by an oscilloscope (23) and transmitted to a computer (24), and the image collected by the electric coupling camera (19) is also transmitted to the computer (24).
4. The acoustic field characterization device for the water-immersed transducer based on the photoacoustic point source as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the high-precision displacement table (3) is rigidly connected with an ultrasonic water-immersed transducer (21) through a connecting rod.
5. The acoustic field characterization device for the water-immersed transducer based on the photoacoustic point source as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water tank (4) comprises a tank body (41) and a photoacoustic imitation body (42) filled with red ink.
6. The acoustic field characterization device for water-immersed transducers based on photoacoustic point source as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the water in the tank (41) is degassed.
7. The acoustic field characterization device for water-immersed transducers based on photoacoustic point source as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the thickness of the red ink of the photoacoustic imitation body (42) is 2-2.5 mm.
8. A using method of a water-immersed transducer sound field characterization device based on a photoacoustic point source is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) the height of the objective lens (110) is adjusted, so that the photoacoustic imitation body (42) is just positioned on the focal plane of the objective lens (110), and the upper surface of the photoacoustic imitation body is just immersed in the water in the box body (41);
(b) laser is focused into a point through an objective lens and irradiates the photoacoustic imitation body to generate a pulsed point sound source;
(c) selecting a photoacoustic point source as an origin of three-dimensional space coordinates, adjusting the position of the immersion transducer to be analyzed, and marking the coordinate r where the photoacoustic point source is located1＝(x1，y1，z1)；
(d) Measuring the pulse signal of the photoacoustic point source by using the to-be-measured immersed transducer, namely the spatial impulse response h (r) of the transducer relative to the sound source1，t)；
(e) Driven by a high-precision displacement table, the ultrasonic water-immersed transducer to be analyzed reaches a new coordinate position ri＝(xi，yi，zi) (i is 1, 2, 3 … N), repeating d steps to measure space impulse response h (r) of different coordinate positioni，t)。
9. The use method of the acoustic field characterization device for water-immersed transducer based on photoacoustic point source as claimed in claim 8, wherein the spatial impulse response h (r) isiT) the sound field distribution p (r) can be obtainediAnd t) is expressed as:
where ρ is0Is the density of the medium, vnIs the vibration speed of the surface of the ultrasonic water-immersed transducer (21).
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