CN110594770A - System and method for relieving blockage of air preheater by spraying ammonia in different regions - Google Patents

System and method for relieving blockage of air preheater by spraying ammonia in different regions Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110594770A
CN110594770A CN201911042971.1A CN201911042971A CN110594770A CN 110594770 A CN110594770 A CN 110594770A CN 201911042971 A CN201911042971 A CN 201911042971A CN 110594770 A CN110594770 A CN 110594770A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
flue
ammonia
air preheater
injection
ammonia gas
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Pending
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CN201911042971.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张双平
袁园
邓悦
黄鑫
吉攀
郭静娟
张优
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Northwest Electric Power Research Institute of China Datang Corp Science and Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Northwest Electric Power Research Institute of China Datang Corp Science and Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Application filed by Northwest Electric Power Research Institute of China Datang Corp Science and Technology Research Institute Co Ltd filed Critical Northwest Electric Power Research Institute of China Datang Corp Science and Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
Priority to CN201911042971.1A priority Critical patent/CN110594770A/en
Publication of CN110594770A publication Critical patent/CN110594770A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
    • B01D53/502—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific solution or suspension
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a method for relieving blockage of an air preheater by zoned ammonia injection, which relate to the field of industrial waste gas purification, environmental protection and energy, in particular to a system and a method for relieving blockage of an air preheater by zoned ammonia injection, wherein the system comprises a boiler and a chimney, and the boiler is connected with the chimney through a flue; the device has a simple structure, ammonia gas is sprayed into the flue by using the ammonia gas spraying device, so that the ammonia gas reacts with sulfur trioxide in the flue gas to generate solid ammonium sulfate particles, the molar ratio of the ammonia gas sprayed by the spraying assembly in the same spraying reaction area to the sulfur trioxide in the flue gas in the area is more than 2, sufficient ammonia gas is ensured to react with the sulfur trioxide to generate the solid ammonium sulfate particles, and the phenomenon that the air preheater is blocked because the concentration of escaping ammonia of the SCR denitration device is far lower than that of the sulfur trioxide to generate high-viscosity ammonium bisulfate and the high-viscosity ammonium bisulfate is attached to a heat exchange unit of the air preheater is avoided.

Description

System and method for relieving blockage of air preheater by spraying ammonia in different regions
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of industrial waste gas purification, environmental protection and energy, in particular to a system and a method for relieving blockage of an air preheater by injecting ammonia in a partitioned mode.
Background
The energy resource endowment of China determines that coal-fired power generation dominates in short term and long term. At present, coal-fired power generating units are reformed by ultralow emission, wherein the removal of nitrogen oxides is mainly completed by an SCR denitration technology. The SCR denitration spraying means that ammonia gas and nitrogen oxide in flue gas are sprayed into an SCR reactor to perform oxidation reduction reaction under the catalytic action of a catalyst so as to achieve the aim of removing the nitrogen oxide. According to the method, while the nitrogen oxides are removed, unreacted ammonia gas escapes from the SCR outlet and reacts with sulfur trioxide in the flue gas to generate high-viscosity ammonium bisulfate. When the load of part of coal-fired units changes, due to the defects of ammonia injection valve control, SCR flow field and the like, the phenomenon of large escape of excessive ammonia injection can occur, more fly ash in ammonium bisulfate bonded flue gas is generated and attached to a heat exchange unit of an air preheater to block the air preheater, the load of the units is limited when the load is serious, and the generated energy is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a system and a method for relieving the blockage of an air preheater by injecting ammonia in a partition mode, which have the advantages of low investment cost and operation cost, capability of effectively relieving the blockage of the air preheater, energy conservation and consumption reduction.
The invention relates to a system for relieving blockage of an air preheater by injecting ammonia in a partitioning manner, which comprises a boiler and a chimney, wherein the boiler is connected with the chimney through a flue, the boiler is also provided with an air inlet channel, the flue is connected with the air inlet channel through the air preheater, a coal economizer and an SCR denitration reactor are sequentially arranged in the flue between the air preheater and the boiler, and a limestone-gypsum wet desulphurization device is arranged on the flue between the air preheater and the chimney;
an ammonia gas injection device is arranged in a flue between the SCR denitration reactor and the air preheater, the ammonia gas injection device is arranged towards the air preheater, and the ammonia gas injection device is connected with an ammonia gas generator through a pipeline extending out of the flue;
the ammonia gas injection device comprises a plurality of injection components, the ammonia gas injection device is arranged on the same cross section of the flue, and the injection components are uniformly distributed on the cross section; the flue in which the ammonia gas injection device is arranged is divided into injection reaction areas which are the same as the injection components in number and are arranged in parallel, and each injection reaction area is internally provided with one injection component; the molar ratio of ammonia gas sprayed by the spraying components in the same spraying reaction area to sulfur trioxide in the flue gas in the area is more than 2;
and a dust remover is arranged on the flue between the limestone-gypsum wet desulphurization device and the chimney.
Preferably, the injection assembly is respectively communicated with the ammonia gas generator through ammonia gas inlet pipes, and the ammonia gas inlet pipes are respectively provided with an ammonia gas inlet control valve.
Preferably, the jetting assemblies are provided in four.
Preferably, the injection assembly comprises a plurality of injection heads, and the injection heads are communicated with the ammonia gas inlet pipe connected with the injection heads.
A system for relieving blockage of an air preheater by spraying ammonia in a subarea manner is characterized in that flue gas generated by a boiler in the system for relieving blockage of the air preheater by spraying ammonia in the subarea manner enters a flue and sequentially passes through an economizer and an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitration reactor, the SCR denitration reactor removes nitrogen oxides in the flue gas by the oxidation-reduction reaction of the sprayed ammonia and the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas under the action of a catalyst, when the flue gas passes through an ammonia gas spraying device arranged in the flue between the SCR denitration reactor and the air preheater, the ammonia gas is sprayed out by the ammonia gas spraying device, the ammonia gas reacts with sulfur trioxide in the flue gas to generate solid ammonium sulfate particles, the phenomenon that the concentration of the escaped ammonia gas of the SCR denitration device is far lower than that of the generated high-viscosity ammonium bisulfate and adheres to a heat exchange unit of the air preheater to block the air preheater is avoided, and the flue gas after the reaction enters a, a dust remover is arranged on the section of flue, and after the generated solid ammonium sulfate particles are recovered, the rest flue gas is discharged from a chimney;
in the process, the molar ratio of the ammonia gas sprayed by the spraying assembly in the same spraying reaction area to the sulfur trioxide in the flue gas in the area is more than 2.
The device has a simple structure, ammonia gas is sprayed into the flue by using the ammonia gas spraying device, the ammonia gas and sulfur trioxide in the flue gas react to generate solid ammonium sulfate particles, the molar ratio of the ammonia gas sprayed by the spraying assembly in the same spraying reaction area to the sulfur trioxide in the flue gas in the area is more than 2, sufficient ammonia gas and the sulfur trioxide are ensured to react to generate the solid ammonium sulfate particles, the phenomenon that the air preheater is blocked due to the fact that the concentration of escaping ammonia of the SCR denitration device is far lower than that of the sulfur trioxide to generate high-viscosity ammonium bisulfate and the high-viscosity ammonium bisulfate is attached to a heat exchange unit of the air preheater is avoided, the pressure difference of the air preheater is prevented from rising, and. Compared with other methods for removing sulfur trioxide by using basic groups, the method for removing ammonia gas by using ammonia gas through SCR denitration has the advantages of low modification investment cost, high reliability, energy conservation, consumption reduction and the like, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
Figure 2 is the ozone injection device installation diagram of the invention.
Reference numerals: the device comprises a boiler 1, a coal economizer 2, an SCR denitration reactor 3, an ammonia gas injection device 4, an air preheater 5, a dust remover 6, a limestone-gypsum wet desulphurization device 7, a chimney 8, an ammonia gas generator 9, a flue 10, an ammonia gas inlet control valve 11 and an injection head 12.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a system for relieving blockage of an air preheater by injecting ammonia in a partitioning manner, which comprises a boiler 1 and a chimney 8, wherein the boiler 1 is connected with the chimney 8 through a flue 10, the boiler 1 is also provided with an air inlet channel, the flue 10 is connected with the air inlet channel through an air preheater 5, an economizer 2 and an SCR denitration reactor 3 are sequentially arranged in the flue 10 between the air preheater 5 and the boiler 1, and a limestone-gypsum wet desulphurization device 7 is arranged on the flue 10 between the air preheater 5 and the chimney 8;
an ammonia gas injection device 4 is arranged in a flue 10 between the SCR denitration reactor 3 and the air preheater 5, the ammonia gas injection device 4 is arranged towards the air preheater 5, and the ammonia gas injection device 4 is connected with an ammonia gas generator 9 through a pipeline extending out of the flue 10;
the ammonia gas injection device 4 comprises a plurality of injection components, the ammonia gas injection device 4 is arranged on the same cross section of the flue 10, and the injection components are uniformly distributed on the cross section; the flue 10 where the ammonia gas injection device 4 is located is divided into injection reaction areas which are the same in number as the injection components and are arranged in parallel, and each injection reaction area is internally provided with one injection component; the molar ratio of ammonia gas sprayed by the spraying components in the same spraying reaction area to sulfur trioxide in the flue gas in the area is more than 2;
a dust remover 6 is arranged on a flue 10 between the limestone-gypsum wet desulphurization device 7 and the chimney 8.
The injection components are respectively communicated with the ammonia gas generator 9 through ammonia gas inlet pipes, and the ammonia gas inlet pipes are provided with ammonia gas inlet control valves 11.
The number of jetting assemblies is four.
The injection assembly comprises a plurality of injection heads 12, and the injection heads 12 are communicated with an ammonia gas inlet pipe connected with the injection heads 12.
A system for releasing the blockage of an air preheater by spraying ammonia in a subarea way is characterized in that flue gas is generated from a boiler 1 in the system for releasing the blockage of the air preheater 5 by spraying ammonia in a subarea way and then enters a flue 10 and sequentially passes through an economizer 2 and an SCR denitration reactor 3, the SCR removes nitrogen oxides in the flue gas by the oxidation-reduction reaction of the sprayed ammonia and the nitrogen oxides of the flue gas under the action of a catalyst, when the flue gas passes through an ammonia injection device 4 arranged in the flue 10 between the SCR denitration reactor 3 and the air preheater 5, the ammonia injection device 4 sprays ammonia, the ammonia and sulfur trioxide in the flue gas react to generate solid ammonium sulfate particles, the phenomenon that the concentration of the escaping ammonia of the SCR denitration device is far lower than that of the sulfur trioxide to generate high-viscosity ammonium bisulfate and adhere to a heat exchange unit of the air preheater 5 to block the air preheater 5 is avoided, and the reacted flue gas enters the flue 10 between a limestone-gypsum wet desulphurization device 7 and, a dust remover 6 is arranged on the section of flue 10, and after the generated solid ammonium sulfate particles are recovered, the rest flue gas is discharged from a chimney 8;
in the process, the molar ratio of ammonia gas sprayed by the spraying assembly in the same spraying reaction area to sulfur trioxide in flue gas in the area is larger than 2, and the specific operation is that the concentration of sulfur trioxide in the flue gas is calculated through coal quality analysis, unit load and combustion operation parameters of the boiler 1, the opening of the ammonia gas inlet control valve 11 is controlled on the basis of the calculation, and the ammonia spraying amount is adjusted.
The ammonia gas is injected as ammonia gas from the ammonia gas generator 9, and the ammonia gas generator 9 may use liquid ammonia, urea, or ammonia water as an ammonia gas source, which may be shared with the SCR denitration reactor 3.
The device has a simple structure, ammonia gas is sprayed into the flue 10 by the ammonia gas spraying device 4, the ammonia gas and sulfur trioxide in the flue gas react to generate solid ammonium sulfate particles, the molar ratio of the ammonia gas sprayed by the spraying assembly in the same spraying reaction area to the sulfur trioxide in the flue gas in the area is more than 2, sufficient ammonia gas and the sulfur trioxide are ensured to react to generate the solid ammonium sulfate particles, the phenomenon that the air preheater 5 is blocked due to the fact that the concentration of escaping ammonia of the SCR denitration device is far lower than that of the sulfur trioxide to generate high-viscosity ammonium bisulfate and the high-viscosity ammonium bisulfate is attached to a heat exchange unit of the air preheater 5 is avoided, the pressure difference of the air preheater 5 is prevented from rising, and the blockage. Compared with other methods for removing sulfur trioxide by using basic groups, the method for removing ammonia gas by using ammonia gas through SCR denitration has the advantages of low modification investment cost, high reliability, energy conservation, consumption reduction and the like, and has wide application prospect.

Claims (5)

1. A system for relieving blockage of an air preheater by injecting ammonia in a partitioning manner comprises a boiler (1) and a chimney (8), wherein the boiler (1) is connected with the chimney (8) through a flue (10), the boiler (1) is also provided with an air inlet channel, the flue (10) is connected with the air inlet channel through an air preheater (5), an economizer (2) and an SCR denitration reactor (3) are sequentially arranged in the flue (10) between the air preheater (5) and the boiler (1), and a limestone-gypsum wet desulphurization device (7) is arranged on the flue (10) between the air preheater (5) and the chimney (8);
the device is characterized in that an ammonia gas injection device (4) is arranged in a flue (10) between the SCR denitration reactor (3) and the air preheater (5), the ammonia gas injection device (4) is arranged towards the air preheater (5), and the ammonia gas injection device (4) is connected with an ammonia gas generator (9) through a pipeline extending out of the flue (10);
the ammonia gas injection device (4) comprises a plurality of injection components, the ammonia gas injection device (4) is arranged on the same cross section of the flue (10), and the injection components are uniformly distributed on the cross section; the flue (10) where the ammonia gas injection device (4) is located is divided into injection reaction areas which are the same in number as the injection components and are arranged in parallel, and each injection reaction area is internally provided with one injection component; the molar ratio of ammonia gas sprayed by the spraying components in the same spraying reaction area to sulfur trioxide in the flue gas in the area is more than 2;
and a dust remover (6) is arranged on a flue (10) between the limestone-gypsum wet desulphurization device (7) and the chimney (8).
2. The system for alleviating air preheater blockage through ammonia injection in a partitioned mode according to claim 1, wherein the injection assemblies are respectively communicated with the ammonia gas generator (9) through ammonia gas inlet pipes, and the ammonia gas inlet pipes are respectively provided with ammonia gas inlet control valves (11).
3. The system for mitigating air preheater clogging with zoned ammonia injection of claim 2, wherein said injection assemblies are provided in the number of four.
4. A system for mitigating air preheater clogging by zoned ammonia injection according to claim 3, wherein said injection assembly comprises a plurality of injection heads (12), said injection heads (12) being in communication with an ammonia gas inlet pipe connected to the injection head (12).
5. A system for releasing the blockage of an air preheater by injecting ammonia in a subarea manner is characterized in that flue gas is generated from a boiler (1) in the system for releasing the blockage of the air preheater by injecting the ammonia in the subarea manner according to claim 1 and then enters a flue (10) and sequentially passes through an economizer (2) and an SCR denitration reactor (3), the SCR denitration reactor (3) removes nitrogen oxides in the flue gas by performing oxidation-reduction reaction on the injected ammonia and the nitrogen oxides of the flue gas under the action of a catalyst, when the flue gas passes through an ammonia gas injection device (4) arranged in the flue (10) between the SCR denitration reactor (3) and the air preheater (5), the ammonia gas is injected by the ammonia gas injection device (4) and reacts with sulfur trioxide in the flue gas to generate solid ammonium sulfate particles, and the problem that the high-viscosity ammonium hydrogen sulfate generated by the escape concentration of the SCR denitration device is far lower than that the sulfur trioxide is adhered to a heat exchange unit of the air preheater (5) to block the air preheater (5, the reacted flue gas enters a flue (10) between a limestone-gypsum wet desulphurization device (7) and a chimney (8) through an air preheater (5), a dust remover (6) is arranged on the section of flue (10), and after the generated solid ammonium sulfate particles are recovered, the rest flue gas is discharged from the chimney (8);
in the process, the molar ratio of the ammonia gas sprayed by the spraying assembly in the same spraying reaction area to the sulfur trioxide in the flue gas in the area is more than 2.
CN201911042971.1A 2019-10-30 2019-10-30 System and method for relieving blockage of air preheater by spraying ammonia in different regions Pending CN110594770A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112426861A (en) * 2020-11-11 2021-03-02 福建三宝钢铁有限公司 Efficient desulfurization and denitrification system and method

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106334441A (en) * 2016-10-12 2017-01-18 浙江大学 Cascade and deep coal-fired flue gas SO<3> removal system and method
CN209530538U (en) * 2018-12-07 2019-10-25 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 A kind of spray ammonia removal flue gas SO3System
CN211345372U (en) * 2019-10-30 2020-08-25 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司西北电力试验研究院 System for it alleviates air preheater to spout ammonia in subregion and blocks up

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106334441A (en) * 2016-10-12 2017-01-18 浙江大学 Cascade and deep coal-fired flue gas SO<3> removal system and method
CN209530538U (en) * 2018-12-07 2019-10-25 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 A kind of spray ammonia removal flue gas SO3System
CN211345372U (en) * 2019-10-30 2020-08-25 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司西北电力试验研究院 System for it alleviates air preheater to spout ammonia in subregion and blocks up

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112426861A (en) * 2020-11-11 2021-03-02 福建三宝钢铁有限公司 Efficient desulfurization and denitrification system and method

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