CN1105942C - X-ray fluoroscope, photographing device and imaging system - Google Patents
X-ray fluoroscope, photographing device and imaging system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1105942C CN1105942C CN 94101754 CN94101754A CN1105942C CN 1105942 C CN1105942 C CN 1105942C CN 94101754 CN94101754 CN 94101754 CN 94101754 A CN94101754 A CN 94101754A CN 1105942 C CN1105942 C CN 1105942C
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- image intensifier
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an X-ray perspective instrument, a photographing apparatus and an imaging system which comprise a flat X-ray image intensifier using an X-ray photocathode, which is suggested by an inventor. A perspective image displayed by the perspective instrument has the advantages of large area, small distortion, high resolution and high brightness. Thus, the perspective image can be directly observed without conversion by a television camera, and can be displayed by a television monitor. The photographing function can be realized by a visual light negative film when an ordinary camera is added. The present invention also comprises a CCD video camera, an image processor and a laser printer or a computer display system, and the application functions are further increased. The device or the system can be widely used for medical treatment, industrial non-destructive inspection, safe perspective examination, etc.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of radioscopy system that adopts plate type X-ray image enhancement device, specifically, relate to the radioscopy instrument that used plate type X-ray image enhancement device utilizes a compound X ray photocathode, radioscopy is taken the photograph sheet device and radioscopy imaging system.
The equipment such as radioscopy instrument of widespread use at present all adopt electrostatic focusing inverted image formula X ray image intensifier.This X ray image intensifier comprises that one has the vacuum envelope 401 of X ray input window 402 as shown in Figure 4.The inside of vacuum envelope 401 is with input window 402 relative configuration curved substrate 403.Input video screen 404 and photoelectric surface 405 in deposit successively on the curved substrate 403 opposite side surface opposite with input window.Also the outgoing side at vacuum envelope has disposed anode 406 and output video screen 407, and is provided with focusing electrode 408 along the sidewall of vacuum envelope inside.This booster adopts the indirect conversion working method, and X-ray that promptly sees through irradiated body is at first absorbed by the input video screen, converts light photon output to, and this faint light photon stream converts photoelectron to through the visible light photoelectric surface again.Photoelectron is under the acceleration focussing force of the electronic lens that focusing electrode and anode constituted, and bombardment output video screen obtains to strengthen 5000-10000 visible light picture doubly with respect to X ray transmission image brightness on the output video screen.For this X ray image intensifier, its luminance gain comes from dwindling photoelectronic acceleration and the visible light picture of being exported.This output image is that photoelectron image is transferred on the output video screen by electrostatic focusing mode inverted image, thereby generally dwindles 100 times.This image size usually can't Direct observation, and its output needs to receive with television camera tube, shows on TV monitor.Thereby equipment shortcomings such as this class radioscopy instrument are: (1) is bulky, and is quite heavy, utilization inconvenience; (2) the edge image aberration is bigger, and marginal distortion is greater than 6%; Resolution is lower, even center resolution preferably also only is about 3-4lp/mm, to have only about 2lp/mm usually; (3) make very complexity, cost height; (4) because of reason cited below, X ray is taken the photograph sheet and is still needed other mechanism, can not be directly takes and realizes taking the photograph the sheet function exporting fluoroscopic output image, thereby can't realize taking the photograph sheet and two kinds of functions of perspective with same X-ray machine.
The present application people She Yongzheng etc. analyze the reason that above-mentioned shortcoming produces, and think mainly to be and to adopt electrostatic focusing inverted image formula X ray image intensifier closely related.And the low resolution of this X ray image intensifier is a major obstacle.The resolution of common exograph must reach 8-10lp/mm and just can be used for diagnosis basis.Therefore FDA (FDA) does not approve that so far the output image of radioscopy instrument recited above can be used as diagnosis basis.Also just be based on this reason,, also will be subjected to " bottleneck " restriction of its X ray image intensifier resolution even the application apparatus resolution at different levels behind the scenograph are high again.For example, aforementionedly take the photograph the sheet function, although camera and used visible light egative film resolution far above 8-10lp/mm, the egative film of shooting still can't be used for diagnosis, greatly reduces its using value.
Among the Chinese patent ZL 88102912 of people such as the present application people She Yongzheng invention a kind of plate type X-ray image enhancement device was proposed.This class X ray image intensifier is provided with photocathode, plays the microchannel plate and the output video screen of electronics multiplication, proximity focus between microchannel plate and the output video screen in having the vacuum envelope of input window.Wherein, photocathode is that X ray is directly changed into photoelectronic X ray photocathode, proximity focus between X ray photocathode and the microchannel plate.This class X ray image intensifier is realized the directly working method of conversion, promptly be directly changed into photic electronics from X-ray, and utilize proximity focus, thereby guaranteeing to have resolution height on the basis of suitable conversion efficiency, have also that volume is little, technology is simple, the percentage of A-class goods is high, low cost and other advantages.
In addition, the application applicant here cites merger in this paper in the application for a patent for invention (application for a patent for invention number 94101756.7, Granted publication CN 1048578C) that the application has also proposed " plate type X-ray image enhancement device and manufacture method thereof " on the same day.In this application, for further improving the X ray conversion efficiency, suppress flicker noise to reduce its influence to spatial resolution, plate type X-ray image enhancement device adopts a kind of improved X ray photocathode.It is a kind of compound X ray photocathode, comprises cathode substrate and emitter layer, and emitter layer is by the heavy metal layer as X ray absorber and photoelectron emissions body, and the transmission secondary emitter is formed.In addition, in order further to improve the especially conversion efficiency of sigmatron of X ray, to enlarge the application of X ray image intensifier at the hard X ray wave band, this invention also is formed with light metal membrane electrode, fine wire aperture plate and transmission secondary electron emissions layer at the microchannel plate input end face.
One object of the present invention is to provide a kind of employing plate type X-ray image enhancement device, and volume is little, cost is low, be convenient to use and have an X-rayed the high radioscopy instrument of resolution.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of employing plate type X-ray image enhancement device, can realize simultaneously that the radioscopy of having an X-rayed and take the photograph the sheet function takes the photograph the sheet device.
A further object of the invention is to provide a kind of employing plate type X-ray image enhancement device, can handle fluoroscopy images to further expand the radioscopy imaging system of application function.
Radioscopy instrument of the present invention comprises: working power; To the X source for the treatment of according to body irradiation X ray, make the X ray transmission image that sees through irradiated body be transformed to the X ray image intensifier of visible images through strengthening, wherein above-mentioned X ray image intensifier is a plate type X-ray image enhancement device, this booster is provided with in having the vacuum envelope of input window X ray is directly changed into photoelectronic X ray photocathode, plays the microchannel plate and the output video screen of electronics multiplication, between microchannel plate and the output video screen and equal proximity focus between X ray photocathode and the microchannel plate.
Radioscopy of the present invention is taken the photograph the sheet device and is comprised: working power; To the X source for the treatment of according to body irradiation X ray; Make the X ray transmission image that sees through irradiated body be transformed to the X ray image intensifier of visible images through strengthening; Take the camera of X ray image intensifier visible images, wherein above-mentioned X ray image intensifier is a plate type X-ray image enhancement device, in having the vacuum envelope of input window, be provided with X ray is directly changed into photoelectronic X ray photocathode, plays the microchannel plate and the output video screen of electronics multiplication, between microchannel plate and the output video screen and equal proximity focus between X ray photocathode and the microchannel plate.
Radioscopy imaging system of the present invention comprises: working power; To the X source for the treatment of according to body irradiation X ray; Make the X ray transmission image that sees through irradiated body be transformed to the X ray image intensifier of visible images through strengthening; The visible images of X ray image intensifier is transformed to the imaging apparatus of electric image signal; The image processing circuit that the electric image signal that imaging apparatus is exported is handled, wherein above-mentioned X ray image intensifier is a plate type X-ray image enhancement device, in having the vacuum envelope of input window, be provided with X ray is directly changed into photoelectronic X ray photocathode, plays the microchannel plate and the output video screen of electronics multiplication, between microchannel plate and the output video screen and equal proximity focus between X ray photocathode and the microchannel plate.
According to the present invention, the radioscopy instrument is owing to adopt plate type X-ray image enhancement device, incident image (X ray transmission image) is 1: 1 with output image (visible images that the output video screen shows) size ratio, therefore output image is big, but the image on the Direct observation output video screen, on display monitor central monitoring system, output image is amplified again through the television camera conversion need not to resemble in the past, so this radioscopy instrument price is far below the scenograph of present application.And the X ray image intensifier adopts proximity focus, so the non-flanged distortion.It is close with common exograph resolution that image resolution ratio can be accomplished.Radioscopy is taken the photograph the sheet device owing to adopt plate type X-ray image enhancement device, can directly absorb the visible images of this booster by general camera and visible light egative film, possesses perspective simultaneously and takes the photograph sheet purpose double-duty thereby reach X-ray machine.The radioscopy imaging system is owing to adopt the plate type X-ray booster, and its output image resolution is improved, and can be further processed the application function that is used for various expansions.
The present invention above-mentioned and other purpose, feature and effect by following will be more clear with reference to accompanying drawing to the explanation of embodiment.
Fig. 1 is the model machine figure of first embodiment of the invention radioscopy instrument.
Fig. 2 is the partial structurtes figure that the second embodiment of the invention radioscopy is taken the photograph the sheet device.
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of third embodiment of the invention radioscopy imaging system.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of the present electrostatic focusing inverted image formula X ray image intensifier of using.
The plate type X-ray image enhancement device of using among following the present invention of explanation earlier.
Typical plate type X-ray image enhancement device is a vacuum device that adopts X ray photocathode, microchannel plate and viewing screen.Electronics all is proximity focus between X ray photocathode and the microchannel plate and between microchannel plate and the viewing screen.
In the aforementioned patented claim of submitting on the same day, the present application people She Yongzheng etc. studies show that further that to the existing plate type X-ray image enhancement device of this class the flicker noise that viewing screen occurred is from the exponential pulse amplitude distribution of electron gain in the microchannel plate.This is to obtain to double by repeatedly colliding with vias inner walls under electric field quickens because of electronics in single passage.If absorbing X-ray only produces a photoelectron and enters single passage, because the statistical property of multiplicative process, the electron gain that the single photoelectron of each incident produces is not a constant, changes but be exponential form, thereby on viewing screen, be revealed as the variation of brightness, i.e. flicker noise.Then the exponential distribution form will change and tend towards stability but a plurality of not to be one as if the photoelectron number that is incident in same passage simultaneously, thereby flicker noise is reduced.When representative absorbs the photoelectron number (comprising just photoelectron and electronic secondary) that enters same passage when an X-ray subevent produces greater than 20 the time, the flicker noise of microchannel plate will be restrained.Therefore,, need provide a kind of mechanism that doubles to make the photoelectron number that produces behind X-ray of the every absorption of X ray photocathode, that is to say, need to improve the electronic switch efficient of X ray greater than (or equaling) 20 for eliminating flicker noise.
According to this thought, existing plate type X-ray image enhancement device has been proposed improvement, mainly be at aluminium foil supporting layer (abbreviation aluminium lamination) the heavy metal layer of having gone up deposit, as X ray absorber and first photoelectron emissions body.Deposit one transmission secondary emission body again on the heavy metal layer.The first photoelectron of high energy that the heavy metal layer absorbs X-ray generation is doubled by the transmission secondary emitter, the electron number that enters the same passage of microchannel plate will simultaneously be increased, thereby reduce owing to electron gain in the passage is the flicker noise that the exponential pulse height profile causes, the X ray photo cathode sensitivity increases simultaneously, and is particularly evident at the high-energy X-ray subrange.
In order further to increase the electron number that enters in the microchannel, input end face at microchannel plate increases the light metal membrane electrode, thin metal grid mesh and transmission secondary electron emissions layer, its method for making is to cover one deck thin metal film, aperture plate one outgrowth transmission secondary electron emissions layer on the light metal film on the fine wire aperture plate.This transmission secondary electron emissions layer is heavy metal layer and the photoelectron of transmission secondary emitter generation and the transmission secondary electron emissions dynode of electronic secondary, the absorber of incident X-rays be can also be further used as, and high energy just photoelectron and electronic secondary produced therein.The intermembranous distance of transmission secondary emitter and light metal makes it proximity focus less than 0.4 millimeter.Thereby the electron number that enters same passage is further increased, and help further reducing the flicker noise of microchannel plate, further improve the X ray photo cathode sensitivity simultaneously.Be prepared in the secondary electron emissions layer that the density of microchannel plate input end vias inner walls reduces gradually and will further improve the sensitivity of X ray image intensifier from the inwall to the outside surface.
Improved plate type X-ray image enhancement device the experiment proved that, can directly convert radioscopic image to electronic image, all has higher sensitivity in wide X ray wave band, and flicker noise obviously restrains, and has good room and time resolution simultaneously.
The radioscopy equipment or the system that use above-mentioned plate type X-ray image enhancement device will be described below.Be not difficult to know that above-mentioned just plate type X-ray image enhancement device has obtained abundant raising in aspects performances such as resolution, X ray electronic switch efficient, sensitivity from following explanation, just so that these application become may be with more extensive.
Fig. 1 is the model machine figure of first embodiment of the invention radioscopy instrument.The 110th, the model machine frame can move on the ground, and can realize front and back, the elevating movement of X source 116 and X ray image intensifier 114.The 112nd, the C arm is used for fixing X source 116 and X ray image intensifier 114, and can make them do 360 ° simultaneously to rotatablely move.X source 116 can be X-ray pipe or radioactive isotope power supply.If adopt isotope source just no longer to need the X source power supply, help realizing miniaturization.In this case, usually isotope source dosage is little, and the X ray image intensifier preferably adopts aforesaid improved, image intensifier that X ray electronic switch efficient is high.The 111st, provide the working power of various high low-voltages to X source 116 (what adopt in the present embodiment is the mini X-ray pipe) and plate type X-ray image enhancement device 114.The 115th, observe cover, human eye is the Direct observation fluoroscopy images thus.Observing on cover 115 ports has screw thread, will mention as the back, can connect with ccd video camera or ordinary camera.The 117th, the collimating apparatus of X source 116 outgoing place is added with wave filter in collimating apparatus the inner, and promptly a kind of X ray half value thickness is the aluminium lamination of 3-7mm, and concrete thickness is pressed on X-ray pipe target and decided.Have double-deck lead protecting cover in the X source 116, the principal ray of outgoing can only be fallen in apparent field's scope of image intensifier 114 by collimating apparatus 117, make that the X ray that leaks is extremely low.Here its effective diameter of the plate type X-ray image enhancement device that is adopted can be 4 o'clock, 6 o'clock, 8 o'clock or bigger as required.This scenograph image area is big, and it is little to distort, resolution height, and have enough brightness, thereby the fluoroscopy images more clearly that can the Direct observation image intensifier shows.The existing scenograph of these characteristics can't be accomplished.In addition, this scenograph is owing to possess these excellent properties, thereby also provides good basis for the application of following explanation.
Fig. 2 is the partial structurtes figure that the second embodiment of the invention radioscopy is taken the photograph the sheet device.Present embodiment utilizes the radioscopy instrument among first embodiment, installs an ordinary camera 231 after X ray image intensifier 214 additional, and this camera 231 is directly taken the visible light output image of plate type X-ray image enhancement device 214.Because plate type X-ray image enhancement device 214 has high spatial resolution, the visible images resolution and the exograph of output are close, camera and used visible light egative film resolving power thereof are again far above exograph, and therefore the photo of taking that dwindles is still very clear, and is close with exograph.Camera 231 joins with image intensifier 214 by the aforementioned threads of observation cover inwall and the adapter ring 232 of coupling as shown in Figure 2, and adapter ring 232 length are a certain regular length, so that both distances just in time clearly image on the visible light egative film of camera 231 fluoroscopy images that shows on the image intensifier.Like this, the dismounting camera just can make same scenograph can be respectively applied for fluoroscopic observation easily and take the photograph sheet.And the egative film processing procedure of taking the photograph behind the sheet is convenient, and the egative film that takes out is little than the X-ray sheet, preserve easily, and also cheap.Egative film place can obtain in the projector clear enlarged image, it is quite easy to read sheet.
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of third embodiment of the invention radioscopy imaging system.Present embodiment is to install imaging apparatus additional on the basis of radioscopy instrument in first embodiment, generally is ccd video camera, also can adopt the high definition television gamma camera.This video camera connects by the described mode of second embodiment and is observing on the cover.The shown visible images of video camera 320 picked-up image intensifiers (not shown among Fig. 3) is delivered to an image processing circuit 321 with the photosignal that conversion goes out.Image can be given printer (or laser printer) 322 and make it the printout fluoroscopy images after it is handled; Perhaps give display 325 or monitor 324 with the continuous demonstration or the demonstration fluoroscopy images that fixes; Perhaps import microcomputer and show, or by CD drive 323 fluoroscopy images is stored in the CD and is preserved; Perhaps make long-distance transmissions through telephone wire 326 communication facilitiess such as grade and network.In addition, image processing circuit 321 can also be realized following function: the contrast and the brightness of control input picture; Logarithm frame television image carries out in real time on average with the background that abates the noise; Automatic or manual is regulated contrast; Carrying out false colored color contrast with color monitor strengthens; Zoom is up to observing single pixel meticulously in real time; Strengthen single pixel or linear profile; Measure checking matter length or area; Edge image strengthens in real time; Various digital filterings are to strengthen details; Screen display character etc.This perspective imaging system has expanded application function greatly, especially can realize not having the radioscopic image storage, management system of egative film and the function of long-distance transmissions radioscopic image quasi real time, is representing radioscopy imaging system development in future direction.
More than narration only is one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention can have multiple variation all can be implemented, and they should be limited by the back appending claims.
Claims (17)
1. a radioscopy system comprises: working power; To the X source for the treatment of according to body irradiation X ray; Make the X ray transmission image that sees through irradiated body be transformed to the X ray image intensifier of visible images through strengthening, it is characterized in that, described X ray image intensifier is a plate type X-ray image enhancement device, it in having the vacuum envelope of input window, be provided with X ray directly multiplication convert photoelectronic compound X ray photocathode to, play the microchannel plate and the output video screen of electronics multiplication, microchannel plate with export between the video screen and be proximity focus between compound X ray photocathode and the microchannel plate.
2. radioscopy as claimed in claim 1 system is characterized in that described compound X ray photocathode can directly be prepared on the microchannel plate input face.
3. radioscopy as claimed in claim 1 or 2 system, it is characterized in that, described compound X ray photocathode comprises cathode substrate and emitter layer, and emitter layer is by the heavy metal layer as X ray absorber and photoelectron emissions body, and the transmission secondary emitter is formed.
4. radioscopy as claimed in claim 1 or 2 system is characterized in that described compound X ray photocathode also is included in the integrally formed light metal membrane electrode of described microchannel plate input end face, fine wire aperture plate and transmission secondary electron emissions layer.
5. radioscopy as claimed in claim 3 system is characterized in that described compound X ray photocathode also is included in the integrally formed light metal membrane electrode of described microchannel plate input end face, fine wire aperture plate and transmission secondary electron emissions layer.
6. as each described radioscopy system in the claim 1,2 and 5, it is characterized in that the vias inner walls of described microchannel plate input end is formed with the secondary electron emissions layer that density reduces to its surface gradually from inwall.
7. radioscopy as claimed in claim 3 system is characterized in that the vias inner walls of described microchannel plate input end is formed with the secondary electron emissions layer that density reduces to its surface gradually from inwall.
8. radioscopy as claimed in claim 4 system is characterized in that the vias inner walls of described microchannel plate input end is formed with the secondary electron emissions layer that density reduces to its surface gradually from inwall.
9. as claim 1, each described radioscopy system is characterized in that in 2,5,7 and 8, also comprises: the camera of taking X ray image intensifier visible images.
10. radioscopy as claimed in claim 3 system is characterized in that, also comprises: the camera of taking X ray image intensifier visible images.
11. radioscopy as claimed in claim 4 system is characterized in that, also comprises: the camera of taking X ray image intensifier visible images.
12. radioscopy as claimed in claim 6 system is characterized in that, also comprises: the camera of taking X ray image intensifier visible images.
13. as claim 1, each described radioscopy system is characterized in that in 2,5,7 and 8, also comprises: the imaging apparatus that the visible images of X ray image intensifier is transformed to electric image signal; The image processing circuit that the electric image signal that imaging apparatus is exported is handled.
14. radioscopy as claimed in claim 3 system is characterized in that, also comprises: the imaging apparatus that the visible images of X ray image intensifier is transformed to electric image signal; The image processing circuit that the electric image signal that imaging apparatus is exported is handled.
15. radioscopy as claimed in claim 4 system is characterized in that, also comprises: the imaging apparatus that the visible images of X ray image intensifier is transformed to electric image signal; The image processing circuit that the electric image signal that imaging apparatus is exported is handled.
16. radioscopy as claimed in claim 6 system is characterized in that, also comprises: the imaging apparatus that the visible images of X ray image intensifier is transformed to electric image signal; The image processing circuit that the electric image signal that imaging apparatus is exported is handled.
17. as claim 1,2,5,7,8,10-12, each described radioscopy system is characterized in that described input window is any one in titanium foil, aluminium foil, kovar alloy paper tinsel and the flat glass among the 14-16.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94101754 CN1105942C (en) | 1994-02-08 | 1994-02-08 | X-ray fluoroscope, photographing device and imaging system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94101754 CN1105942C (en) | 1994-02-08 | 1994-02-08 | X-ray fluoroscope, photographing device and imaging system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1092877A CN1092877A (en) | 1994-09-28 |
| CN1105942C true CN1105942C (en) | 2003-04-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94101754 Expired - Fee Related CN1105942C (en) | 1994-02-08 | 1994-02-08 | X-ray fluoroscope, photographing device and imaging system |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012014661A1 (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-02 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Radiograph imaging system, radiograph imaging method, and image display method |
| CN103462621A (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2013-12-25 | 江苏美伦影像系统有限公司 | X-ray digital imaging system |
| CN103462627A (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2013-12-25 | 江苏美伦影像系统有限公司 | High-sensitivity imaging chain system |
| CN108445024A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-08-24 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of imaging method of high-speed object X-ray Real Time Image System and system |
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1994
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1092877A (en) | 1994-09-28 |
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