CN110593987B - Method for separating exhaust noise in vehicle and sound source generating device - Google Patents

Method for separating exhaust noise in vehicle and sound source generating device Download PDF

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CN110593987B
CN110593987B CN201910860206.4A CN201910860206A CN110593987B CN 110593987 B CN110593987 B CN 110593987B CN 201910860206 A CN201910860206 A CN 201910860206A CN 110593987 B CN110593987 B CN 110593987B
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noise
exhaust
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CN110593987A (en
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卢炽华
朱亚伟
刘志恩
彭辅明
沈健
李晓龙
杨星瑶
罗玉兰
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/06—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using interference effect
    • F01N1/065—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using interference effect by using an active noise source, e.g. speakers
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for separating exhaust noise in a vehicle and a sound source generating device, which respectively test sound conduction functions from a measuring point near an exhaust to a measuring point in the vehicle through a low-frequency sound source and a medium-high frequency sound source, combine the low-frequency and medium-high frequency conduction functions to obtain an integral noise conduction function, and multiply the noise at the measuring point at the exhaust outlet under an operation condition with the integral conduction function to obtain the exhaust noise component in the vehicle. Compared with the prior art, the method for separating the exhaust noise in the vehicle can accurately separate the exhaust noise component from the total noise in the vehicle, and obtains the time domain signal of the exhaust noise component for evaluating the quality of the exhaust noise, so that a reference basis is provided for optimizing the exhaust noise. The defect that the exhaust noise component cannot be accurately separated in the vehicle for quantitative analysis in the prior art is overcome.

Description

Method for separating exhaust noise in vehicle and sound source generating device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) (English abbreviation of Noise, Vibration and Harshness) experiments, and particularly relates to an in-vehicle exhaust Noise separation method and a related sound source generating device.
Background
Exhaust noise is one of the main noise sources of passenger vehicles, and is generally controlled by mounting a muffler, and in order to quantitatively analyze the contribution amount of exhaust noise to the total noise in the vehicle and evaluate the quality of exhaust noise, it is necessary to separate exhaust noise from the total noise in the vehicle.
In order to determine the contribution of exhaust noise to the total noise, it is now the main practice to draw the exhaust noise away through a pipe or to add an absolute muffler behind the tail pipe, comparing the change of the total noise in the vehicle with or without exhaust noise. However, this method cannot separate the exhaust noise from the total noise and cannot be used to evaluate the exhaust noise quality.
The conventional tpa (transfer Path analysis) method is to bind a miniature volume sound source to the exhaust pipe, arrange a microphone near the exhaust pipe opening, and arrange a microphone next to the cab seat. Firstly, a transfer function from a volume sound source to an in-vehicle noise measuring point is obtained through a volume acceleration signal on the volume sound source and an in-vehicle noise signal; then measuring a transfer function from the volume sound source to a measuring point of an exhaust pipe opening through a volume acceleration signal of the volume sound source and a noise signal of a microphone at the exhaust pipe opening; and finally, taking away the volume sound source, keeping the positions of the two microphones unchanged, and starting the automobile to start the experiment. After the experiment is finished, dividing data measured by a microphone at the opening of the exhaust pipe by a transfer function from a volume sound source to a measurement point of the opening of the exhaust pipe, and solving the volume acceleration of a noise source at the opening of the exhaust pipe; and then multiplied by the transfer function of the volume sound source to the interior survey point, and the result is considered as the exhaust noise component in the vehicle. However, when the miniature volume sound source is bound to the exhaust tail pipe, the acoustic center of the volume sound source is not consistent with the actual acoustic center of the exhaust pipe orifice, and the transfer function from the volume sound source to each measuring point is taken as the transfer function from the noise of the exhaust pipe orifice to each measuring point, so that certain deviation exists. The miniature volume sound source hardly emits low-frequency sound below 50Hz, so that the transfer function measured by the miniature sound source is often ineffective in the low-frequency band below 50 Hz. However, for a 4-cylinder engine, the second-order noise component at 1000rpm is 33.3Hz, and the second-order noise plays an important role in exhaust noise, so that the exhaust noise transfer function measured by a miniature volume sound source has certain limitation.
When the operating condition Transfer Path Analysis method (OTPA) is applied to the separation of exhaust noise in a vehicle, a microphone is arranged near an exhaust pipe orifice, a microphone is arranged beside a cab seat, under the operating condition of the vehicle, a conduction function of the exhaust noise between two measuring points is obtained through noise signals measured by the microphone at the exhaust pipe orifice and the microphone in the cab, then the noise measured by the microphone at the exhaust pipe orifice is multiplied by the conduction function, and the result is considered as the exhaust noise component in the total noise in the vehicle. However, since the intake noise, the exhaust noise, and the engine noise both include the same order noise component, and there is a strong correlation between the intake noise, the exhaust noise, and the engine noise, when the exhaust noise transfer function is obtained using the noise signal under the actual operating condition, a part of the intake noise and the engine noise component may be regarded as the exhaust noise, and therefore, the obtained transfer function has a large deviation from the actual state, and the OTPA method cannot accurately separate the exhaust noise in the vehicle.
By combining the above analysis, the existing in-vehicle exhaust noise separation methods have certain limitations, and exhaust noise components cannot be accurately separated in a vehicle for quantitatively analyzing the contribution of exhaust noise to the total in-vehicle noise and evaluating the quality of the exhaust noise. Therefore, the in-vehicle exhaust noise separation method is subject to further improvement and development.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an in-vehicle exhaust noise separation method and a related sound source generating device, which can accurately separate exhaust noise components from in-vehicle total noise, obtain time domain signals of the exhaust noise components for evaluating the quality of the exhaust noise, and overcome the defect that in the prior art, the exhaust noise cannot be accurately separated in a vehicle.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an in-vehicle exhaust noise separation method is characterized in that: selecting positions near an exhaust pipe opening of a vehicle exhaust tail pipe and a position of a human ear of a seat in the vehicle as a measuring point near exhaust and a measuring point at the seat in the vehicle respectively, and arranging a microphone at each of the two measuring points for noise test;
respectively introducing a low-frequency sound source and a medium-high frequency sound source into an exhaust pipe, respectively testing the noises of two measuring points under two conditions of the low-frequency sound source and the medium-high frequency sound source under the non-operation working condition of a vehicle, and acquiring a sound conduction function from a measuring point near the exhaust to a measuring point in the vehicle;
combining and splicing the low-frequency and medium-high frequency noise conduction functions to obtain a noise conduction function from a full-frequency-band exhaust nearby measuring point to a measuring point at a seat in the automobile;
and removing the low-frequency sound source and the medium-high frequency sound source, testing the noise of the two measuring points under the operating condition, and multiplying the noise of the measuring points near the exhaust under the operating condition by the noise transfer function from the measuring points near the exhaust of the full frequency band to the measuring points at the seats in the automobile to obtain the accurate exhaust noise in the automobile.
Further, the exhaust noise in the vehicle is separated according to the following steps:
(1) selecting positions near an exhaust pipe opening of a vehicle exhaust tail pipe and a position of a human ear of a seat in the vehicle as a measuring point near exhaust and a measuring point at the seat in the vehicle respectively, and arranging a microphone at each of the two measuring points for noise test;
(2) inserting a low-frequency sound source outlet pipe into an exhaust tail pipe, introducing low-frequency noise into the exhaust tail pipe, radiating the low-frequency noise from an exhaust pipe opening, and testing the noise s of a measuring point near exhaust under the non-operation working condition of a vehicle1lAnd the noise s of a measuring point at a seat in the vehicle2lThe low frequency noise transfer function from the point near the exhaust to the point at the seat in the vehicle is
Figure BDA0002199502850000031
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002199502850000032
is s1lThe auto-correlation function of (a) is,
Figure BDA0002199502850000033
is the noise s1lAnd s2lThe cross-correlation function of;
(3) placing a middle-high frequency miniature sound source in an exhaust tail pipe, playing white noise and radiating the white noise from an exhaust pipe opening, and testing middle-high frequency noise s of a measuring point near exhaust under the non-operation working condition of a vehicle1m&hAnd the middle-high frequency noise s of a measuring point at a seat in the vehicle2m&hThe transfer function of the medium-high frequency noise from the measuring point near the exhaust to the measuring point at the seat in the vehicle is
Figure BDA0002199502850000034
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002199502850000035
is s1m&hThe auto-correlation function of (a) is,
Figure BDA0002199502850000036
is the noise s1m&hAnd s2m&hThe cross-correlation function of;
(4) selecting a low frequency noise transfer function HlMedium and high frequency noise transfer function Hm&hThe noise conduction function H from the exhaust nearby measuring point to the measuring point at the seat in the vehicle in the full frequency band is obtained by combining and splicing the effective sections;
(5) keeping the two microphones at fixed positions, and testing the operation noise s of a measuring point near the exhaust under the operation condition of the vehicle1Running noise s of measuring point at seat in vehicle2Running noise s from points near the exhaust1Multiplying the transfer function H to obtain the in-vehicle exhaust noise component s ═ s1×H。
Furthermore, a measuring point near the exhaust is arranged on an annular surface which is 45-60 degrees from the central axis of the exhaust pipe orifice and 30-40 cm away from the pipe orifice.
Furthermore, a measuring point near the exhaust is arranged on an annular surface which is 45 degrees from the central axis of the exhaust pipe orifice and is 30cm away from the pipe orifice.
Further, the in-vehicle noise measuring point is at the position of the ear of the driver seat, or at the position of the ear of the co-driver seat, or at the position of the ear of the rear seat.
Furthermore, the low-frequency sound source consists of a conical sound guide pipe, a low-frequency loudspeaker and a loudspeaker shell, the low-frequency loudspeaker is arranged in the shell, the conical sound guide pipe is a bent pipe with a basically vertical direction and a basically horizontal direction, a conical thick end of the conical sound guide pipe is covered above the loudspeaker and combined with the loudspeaker shell to form a cavity with only one conical thin end outlet pipe, and the outer diameter of the conical thin end outlet pipe is smaller than that of the tail pipe, so that the conical thin end outlet pipe can be inserted into the tail pipe of the automobile to introduce sound into the tail pipe.
Further, the frequency response range of the low-frequency sound source or the middle and low-frequency loudspeaker is not less than 25-200 Hz; the frequency response range of the medium-high frequency sound source or the medium-high frequency miniature sound source is not less than 100Hz-10000 Hz.
Further, low frequency transfer functions H are combinedlMedium and high frequency conduction function Hm&hTime, low frequency noise transfer function HlThe effective section frequency range of the frequency converter is 25-150 Hz; medium and high frequency noise transfer function Hm&hThe effective range of the frequency converter is 150Hz-3000 Hz.
A sound source generating device characterized by: the loudspeaker is installed in the shell, the conical sound guide pipe is a bent pipe with a basically vertical direction and a basically horizontal direction, a conical thick end of the conical sound guide pipe is covered above the loudspeaker and combined with the loudspeaker shell to form a cavity with only one conical thin end outlet pipe, and the outer diameter of the conical thin end outlet pipe is smaller than that of a tail pipe, so that the conical thin end outlet pipe can be inserted into the tail pipe of an automobile to guide sound into the tail pipe.
Furthermore, the cone-shaped thick end cover of the cone-shaped sound guide tube is arranged above the loudspeaker and is buckled and combined or rotationally combined and fixed with the upper end opening of the loudspeaker shell.
Further, the loudspeaker is a low-frequency sound source or a medium-low frequency loudspeaker.
Therefore, the method and the device for separating the exhaust noise in the vehicle provided by the invention overcome the defects that the prior art cannot accurately separate the exhaust noise component in the vehicle for quantitatively analyzing the contribution of the exhaust noise to the total noise in the vehicle and evaluating the quality of the exhaust noise. Compared with the prior art, the method for separating the exhaust noise in the vehicle can accurately separate the exhaust noise component from the total noise in the vehicle, and obtains the time domain signal of the exhaust noise component for evaluating the quality of the exhaust noise, so that a reference basis is provided for optimizing the exhaust noise.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention using a low frequency sound source to test the low frequency noise transfer function from a test point near the exhaust to a test point at a seat in the vehicle;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a low frequency sound source according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a middle-high frequency noise transfer function from a measuring point near exhaust to a measuring point at a seat in a vehicle, which is measured by using a high-frequency miniature sound source in the invention.
In FIGS. 1-3, 1, experimental vehicle; 2. a seat; 3. an in-vehicle noise measurement microphone; 4. a tail pipe; 5. an exhaust noise measurement microphone; 6. a low frequency sound source; 7. a medium-high frequency miniature sound source; 8. a conical sound guide tube; 9. a low frequency speaker; 10. a speaker housing.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the method and the device for separating the exhaust noise in the vehicle according to the present invention mainly work as follows:
(1) selecting one point near the pipe orifice of a tail pipe 4 of the test vehicle 1 as a vehicle exterior noise measuring point, and arranging a microphone 5 for measuring exhaust noise; preferably, one point on a ring surface which is 45 degrees from the central axis of the pipe orifice of the tail pipe 4 and is 30 cm-40 cm (preferably 30cm) away from the pipe orifice is used as a noise measuring point outside the vehicle, and a microphone 5 for measuring the exhaust noise is arranged; the position of the ear of a driver seat 2 in the vehicle is selected as a noise measuring point in the vehicle, and a noise measuring microphone 3 in the vehicle is arranged, wherein the noise measuring point in the vehicle is either the position of the ear of a passenger seat or the position of the ear of a rear seat. The position of the ears of the seat is also a relatively fixed area, and the height and the width of the ears of the middle human body are taken as references.
(2) As shown in fig. 2, the low-frequency sound source or sound source generating device 6 for the test is composed of a conical sound guide tube 8, a low-frequency speaker 9 and a speaker housing 10, the frequency response range of the low-frequency speaker 9 is 25-200Hz, the low-frequency speaker 9 is installed inside the speaker housing 10, the conical sound guide tube 8 is in a bent tube shape with a horizontal direction and a vertical direction, the horizontal end of the bent tube is a conical thin end, the vertical end of the bent tube is a conical thick end, the conical thick end is covered above the low-frequency speaker 9, and the conical thin end is buckled with the upper end of the speaker housing 10 to form a cavity body with only one horizontal end being used as an outlet pipe of the low-frequency sound source 6. Preferably, the woofer 9 is disposed with its sound outlet end facing upward. The outer diameter of the outlet pipe of the low-frequency sound source 6 or the outlet pipe of the tapered thin end of the tapered sound guide pipe 8 is not more than two thirds of the inner diameter of the tail pipe 4. The speaker housing 10 is a general cylindrical body or a conical truncated cone shape with a slightly expanded upper end.
As shown in figure 1, under the non-operation condition of the vehicle (such as the stop working state of the engine), the outlet pipe of the low-frequency sound source 6 is inserted into the tail pipe 4, the low-frequency noise is introduced into the tail pipe 4 and then radiated out from the pipe orifice of the tail pipe 4, and the noise s of two measuring points of the noise measuring point outside the vehicle and the noise measuring point inside the vehicle is tested1lAnd s2lThe low frequency noise transfer function from the point near the orifice of the tail pipe 4 to the point at the seat 2 in the vehicle is
Figure BDA0002199502850000061
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002199502850000062
is s1lThe auto-correlation function of (a) is,
Figure BDA0002199502850000063
is the noise s1lAnd s2lThe cross correlation function of (a).
(3) As shown in figure 3, the medium-high frequency micro sound source 7 is directly placed in the tail pipe 4, the frequency response range of the medium-high frequency micro sound source 7 is 100Hz-10000Hz, the medium-high frequency micro sound source 7 plays white noise and radiates out from the pipe orifice of the tail pipe 4, and the noise s of two measuring points of an external noise measuring point and an internal noise measuring point is tested1m&hAnd s2m&hThen the medium-high frequency noise conduction function from the measuring point near the nozzle of the tail pipe 4 to the measuring point of the seat 2 in the vehicleNumber is
Figure BDA0002199502850000064
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002199502850000065
is s1m&hThe auto-correlation function of (a) is,
Figure BDA0002199502850000066
is the noise s1m&hAnd s2m&hThe cross-correlation function of;
(4) combined spliced low frequency transfer function HlMedium and high frequency conduction function Hm&hThat is, the effective sections of the respective conduction function curves are selected and then spliced to form a full-band conduction function curve; e.g. low frequency noise transfer function HlThe frequency range of (A) takes a 25-150Hz section as an effective section, and a medium-high frequency noise conduction function Hm&hThe frequency range of the transmission function is 150Hz-3000Hz, and then the two effective sections of the transmission function are spliced together to form a transmission function H with the bandwidth of 25-3000Hz from a measuring point near the pipe orifice of the tail pipe 4 to a measuring point at the seat 2 in the vehicle;
(5) keeping the positions of the two microphones 3 and 5 still, removing the low-frequency sound source and the medium-high frequency sound source, and testing the noise s of the pipe orifice of the tail pipe 4 under the operating condition of the test vehicle 11And the noise s at the seat 2 in the vehicle2Thereby obtaining the noise s of the opening of the tail pipe 41The product of the transfer function H and the exhaust noise component s ═ s in the test vehicle 11×H。
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields, such as the application of the method for separating the exhaust noise from the intake noise in the vehicle, are also included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. An in-vehicle exhaust noise separation method is characterized in that: selecting positions near an exhaust pipe opening of a vehicle exhaust tail pipe and a position of a human ear of a seat in the vehicle as a measuring point near exhaust and a measuring point at the seat in the vehicle respectively, and arranging a microphone at each of the two measuring points for noise test;
respectively introducing a low-frequency sound source and a medium-high frequency sound source into an exhaust pipe, respectively testing the noises of two measuring points under two conditions of the low-frequency sound source and the medium-high frequency sound source under the non-operation working condition of a vehicle, and acquiring a sound conduction function from a measuring point near the exhaust to a measuring point in the vehicle;
combining and splicing the low-frequency and medium-high frequency noise conduction functions to obtain a noise conduction function from a full-frequency-band exhaust nearby measuring point to a measuring point at a seat in the automobile;
and removing the low-frequency sound source and the medium-high frequency sound source, testing the noise of the two measuring points under the operating condition, and multiplying the noise of the measuring points near the exhaust under the operating condition by the noise transfer function from the measuring points near the exhaust of the full frequency band to the measuring points at the seats in the automobile to obtain the accurate exhaust noise in the automobile.
2. The in-vehicle exhaust noise separation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: separating the exhaust noise in the vehicle according to the following steps:
(1) selecting positions near an exhaust pipe opening of a vehicle exhaust tail pipe and a position of a human ear of a seat in the vehicle as a measuring point near exhaust and a measuring point at the seat in the vehicle respectively, and arranging a microphone at each of the two measuring points for noise test;
(2) inserting a low-frequency sound source outlet pipe into an exhaust tail pipe, introducing low-frequency noise into the exhaust tail pipe, radiating the low-frequency noise from an exhaust pipe opening, and testing the noise s of a measuring point near exhaust under the non-operation working condition of a vehicle1lAnd the noise s of a measuring point at a seat in the vehicle2lThen, the low frequency noise transfer function from the measurement point near the exhaust to the measurement point at the seat in the vehicle is:
Figure FDA0003311079070000011
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0003311079070000012
is s1lThe auto-correlation function of (a) is,
Figure FDA0003311079070000013
is the noise s1lAnd s2lThe cross-correlation function of;
(3) placing a middle-high frequency miniature sound source in an exhaust tail pipe, playing white noise and radiating the white noise from an exhaust pipe opening, and testing middle-high frequency noise s of a measuring point near exhaust under the non-operation working condition of a vehicle1m&hAnd the middle-high frequency noise s of a measuring point at a seat in the vehicle2m&hThen, the medium-high frequency noise transfer function from the measuring point near the exhaust to the measuring point at the seat in the vehicle is as follows:
Figure FDA0003311079070000014
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0003311079070000015
is s1m&hThe auto-correlation function of (a) is,
Figure FDA0003311079070000016
is the noise s1m&hAnd s2m&hThe cross-correlation function of;
(4) selecting a low frequency noise transfer function HlMedium and high frequency noise transfer function Hm&hThe noise conduction function H from the exhaust nearby measuring point to the measuring point at the seat in the vehicle in the full frequency band is obtained by combining and splicing the effective sections;
(5) keeping the two microphones at fixed positions, and testing the operation noise s of a measuring point near the exhaust under the operation condition of the vehicle1Running noise s of measuring point at seat in vehicle2Running noise s from points near the exhaust1Multiplying the transfer function H to obtain the in-vehicle exhaust noise component s ═ s1×H。
3. The in-vehicle exhaust noise separation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the measuring point near the exhaust is on the ring surface which is at 45-60 degrees from the central axis of the exhaust pipe orifice and is 30-40 cm away from the pipe orifice.
4. The in-vehicle exhaust noise separation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the in-vehicle noise measuring point is at the position of the ear of the driver seat, or at the position of the ear of the passenger seat, or at the position of the ear of the rear seat.
5. The in-vehicle exhaust noise separation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the low-frequency sound source consists of a conical sound guide pipe, a low-frequency loudspeaker and a loudspeaker shell, wherein the low-frequency loudspeaker is arranged in the shell, the conical sound guide pipe is an elbow pipe with a basically vertical direction and a basically horizontal direction, a conical thick end of the conical sound guide pipe is covered above the loudspeaker and combined with the loudspeaker shell to form a cavity with only one conical thin end outlet pipe, and the outer diameter of the conical thin end outlet pipe is smaller than that of a tail pipe, so that the conical thin end outlet pipe can be inserted into the tail pipe of an automobile to introduce sound into the tail pipe.
6. The in-vehicle exhaust noise separation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the frequency response range of the low-frequency sound source or the middle and low-frequency loudspeaker is not less than 25-200 Hz; the frequency response range of the medium-high frequency sound source or the medium-high frequency miniature sound source is not less than 100Hz-10000 Hz.
7. The in-vehicle exhaust noise separation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: combining low frequency transfer functions HlMedium and high frequency conduction function Hm&hTime, low frequency noise transfer function HlThe effective section frequency range of the frequency converter is 25-150 Hz; medium and high frequency noise transfer function Hm&hThe effective range of the frequency converter is 150Hz-3000 Hz.
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