CN110592617A - Secondary starting method for full-series power failure of aluminum electrolysis cell - Google Patents
Secondary starting method for full-series power failure of aluminum electrolysis cell Download PDFInfo
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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Abstract
A secondary starting method for a full-series power failure of an aluminum electrolytic cell comprises the first step of enabling x electrolytic cells to reach secondary starting conditions through a sitting bath; secondly, pouring enough liquid electrolyte into x electrolytic cells after the cells are seated, starting the cells for the second time by using an effect starting method, and starting x1 electrolytic cells within one week; and thirdly, raising the voltage of the rest x2 electrolytic cells to the temperature required by starting in a voltage point raising mode, filling sufficient electrolyte, controlling the voltage raising amplitude and raising frequency, keeping the voltage between 4.0V and 5.0V after the first package of electrolyte is filled, controlling the voltage within 8.0V when the second package of electrolyte is filled, waiting for the anode effect to occur after the voltage is stable, and raising the electrolytic temperature by using the effect to realize secondary starting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, and particularly relates to a secondary starting method for full-series power failure of an aluminum electrolysis cell.
Background
In the aluminum electrolysis production process, if a power supply system fails, a full-series power failure accident of the electrolytic cell can be caused, the electrolytic cell cannot maintain heat due to long-time power failure and low-current (lower than the insulation current of the electrolytic cell) operation, the heat income of the electrolytic cell cannot be guaranteed, in the process, the electrolysis temperature is sharply reduced, liquid electrolyte in the electrolytic cell is in a solid state, one part of electrolyte is adhered to an anode bottom palm, and the other part of electrolyte sinks to the bottom of the electrolytic cell.
In the prior art, under the condition that the power supply load is limited, in order to ensure that part of electrolytic cells can reach the heat preservation current, the conditions that part of electrolytic cells reach normal production through a sitting bath according to the conditions of the electrolytic cells are selected, and then the rest of electrolytic cells are started again. Generally, electrolyte is poured in, the voltage is raised to about 3.5V, the solidified electrolyte in the electrolytic bath is melted by low voltage to achieve secondary starting, the falling of the anode in the electrolytic bath is continuously increased after the method is implemented, the poured electrolyte is in a solid state, the probability of successfully starting the electrolytic bath is very low, and the forced stopping of the electrolytic bath in the period causes a full series of low-current operation, so that the optimal time period of secondary starting is lost.
It can be seen that the full-series power failure of the electrolytic cell will bring serious consequences to normal production, while the existing secondary starting method has serious defects.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a secondary starting method for the whole-series power failure of an aluminum electrolysis cell, which can realize the secondary starting of the whole-series power failure of the aluminum electrolysis cell for more than 8 hours.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a secondary starting method for a full-series power failure of an aluminum electrolysis cell comprises the following steps:
step one, enabling x electrolytic cells to reach a secondary starting condition through a sitting bath;
secondly, filling sufficient electrolyte into x electrolytic cells after the cells are seated, starting the cells for the second time by using an effect starting method, and starting x1 electrolytic cells within one week;
and thirdly, raising the voltage of the rest x2 electrolytic tanks to the temperature required by starting in a point voltage raising mode, filling sufficient electrolyte, controlling the voltage raising amplitude and raising frequency, keeping the voltage between 4.0V and 5.0V after the first package of electrolyte is filled, controlling the voltage within 8.0V when the second package of electrolyte is filled, waiting for the anode effect to occur after the voltage is stable, and improving the electrolysis temperature by using the effect to realize the shift of the second starting to the normal production condition.
The first step is that the electrolytic bath shrinks seriously after the power failure of the electrolytic bath, even the electrolyte solidifies and sinks to the bottom of the furnace, the electrolytic bath can not be produced normally, under the condition of not stopping the electrolytic bath, the anode is completely made to be 3-5 cm in the aluminum water, and the aluminum liquid roasting is carried out by depending on the aluminum water conductivity, so that the heat energy loss of the electrolytic bath is ensured, and the heat preservation state of the electrolytic bath is maintained, so that the secondary starting is convenient.
The second step of the effect starting method is that when the electrolytic cell is started, after enough electrolyte is filled, the voltage is raised to be higher than the voltage of the electrolytic cell in an effect state, and the solidified electrolyte in the electrolytic cell is completely melted by utilizing the heat energy generated by high voltage, so that the normal production condition of the electrolytic cell is achieved.
The voltage of the electrolytic cell in the effect state is 8V, the voltage is kept at 8-15V, and the time is about 30 minutes.
And in the third step, the voltage raising speed of the cell is controlled in a point voltage raising mode in the process of carrying out secondary starting by raising the voltage, the voltage raising of the cell is controlled to be 0.1-0.2V each time the voltage is raised, and the anode raising degree and the working state of the electrolyte are observed at the same time.
The starting temperature cannot be lower than 770 ℃, so that the secondary starting requirement is met, the voltage needs to be raised to about 2.5V from below 2.0, the heat input is increased by raising the voltage, and the heat input is raised to 2.5V from below 2.0V, and the liquid electrolyte is not in the tank, so that the voltage can be raised by 0.1-0.2V each time only by adopting a point-raising mode; that is, the voltage is increased, and the heat in the cell is increased by increasing the pole pitch, so that the temperature is raised to the requirement of the secondary starting temperature.
And in the third step, the weight of the first package of electrolyte is 7-8 tons, the weight of the second package of electrolyte is 5-7 tons, and the first package of electrolyte and the second package of electrolyte fill one electrolytic cell.
In the third step, after sufficient electrolyte is filled, the control strategy of the rising amplitude and the rising frequency is to keep the voltage rising at a constant speed, the voltage stops for about 30s every 0.5V, specifically 3.0V, 3.5V, 4V, 4.5V, 5.0V, 5.5V and 6V, and the voltage is controlled to be kept at 6-8V after 6V, so as to achieve the voltage required by secondary starting.
The principle of the invention is as follows: arc light is generated by utilizing the effect to increase heat to melt electrolyte in the electrolytic bath, so that the secondary starting condition of the electrolytic bath is achieved, and normal production is recovered.
At present, after the power failure of electrolysis production exceeds 8 hours, no available technology is available for starting the electrolysis bath once, and the invention can carry out secondary starting in a sitting bath mode when the power failure is more than 8 hours, thereby prolonging the service life of the bath and saving huge overhaul cost.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to explain embodiments of the present invention in detail.
The method is characterized in that the fault of a power supply system is simulated by Qinghai-food industrial investment limited company to cause a full-series power failure accident of the 240KA electrolytic cell, and the operation statistics of the power supply load during the power failure are as follows (current, time and duration statistics):
| supply current (KA) | 210 | 0 | 6 | 90 | 140 | 200 | 230 |
| Starting time | 6:50 | 9:00 | 11:00 | 12:30 | 14:10 | 23:30 | 0:30 |
| End time | 7:40 | 11:00 | 12:30 | 14:10 | 23:30 | 0:30 | 4:00 |
| Length of operation (minutes) | 50 | 120 | 90 | 100 | 570 | 30 | 210 |
According to the statistical result, the current lasts for 310 minutes below 90KA, the current is far lower than the insulation current of the electrolytic cell, in addition, the power is cut off for 120 minutes before, the heat of the electrolytic cell cannot be maintained at all, the current is maintained at about 140KA in the next 570 minutes, the heat income of the electrolytic cell cannot be guaranteed due to the power cut and the low current operation time, in the process, the electrolytic temperature drops sharply, the liquid electrolyte in the electrolytic cell is in a solid state, a part of the electrolyte is attached to the bottom of the anode, a part of the electrolyte sinks to the bottom of the electrolytic cell, and the whole series of 162 electrolytic cells cannot meet the insulation condition under the limited condition of power supply load, and in this condition, in order to ensure that the part of the electrolytic cells can reach the insulation current, 99 electrolytic cells are determined according to the cell condition. (one of 54 seats and two of 45 seats) until the next day 4, full load operation is not achieved. 63 electrolytic tanks reach the normal production condition through the sitting tank, and a foundation is laid for the subsequent secondary starting of 99 electrolytic tanks. The power failure and low-current operation far exceed the power failure time period of the same industry accident, and 61 percent of electrolytic cells can not be produced continuously.
From the day after the power failure, the preparation work for the second start-up was performed in batches for the remaining 99 electrolytic cells for 25 days. The method comprises the steps of firstly filling electrolyte, raising the voltage to about 3.5V, and melting the solidified electrolyte in the electrolytic cell by means of low voltage to achieve the purpose of secondary starting, wherein the anode in the electrolytic cell drops continuously after the method is implemented, the filled electrolyte is in a solid state, and finally, one electrolytic cell cannot be started successfully, and is forced to stop the electrolytic cell in the period to cause a series of low-current operation, the total time is 5 hours, and the optimal gold time period of the secondary starting is lost. Because the temperature of the sitting bath is difficult to meet the starting requirement after the sitting bath is long, the starting difficulty is gradually increased along with the lapse of time.
By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, sufficient electrolyte is poured firstly, the electrolytic cell is started for the second time by using an effect starting method, and 33 electrolytic cells are started successfully within one week. However, during the starting process, as the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the long groove continuously decreases during the sitting time, if the starting risk coefficient is greatly increased by adopting the method, the series safety is endangered by carelessness.
At this time, the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the electrolytic cell can not reach the starting condition, so the temperature in the electrolytic cell needs to be increased to 770 ℃ by thinking at the temperature. On the basis, the heat input is increased by carrying out voltage point-lifting on the starting tank, the temperature reaches the temperature required by starting, sufficient liquid electrolyte is prepared for 10-12 t, the sufficient liquid electrolyte is filled after all conditions are prepared to be mature, the voltage and the anode current distribution are monitored, and the depolarization phenomenon caused by uneven conduction is prevented.
The method is adopted for starting, the voltage rising amplitude and the voltage rising frequency are mainly controlled, the voltage is basically required to be kept between 4.0V and 5.0V after the first package electrolyte is filled, the voltage is controlled within 8.0V when the second package electrolyte is filled, whether the periphery of the anode is uniformly boiled or not and whether the aluminum rolling phenomenon occurs or not are observed, the anode effect is waited to occur after the voltage is stable, and the electrolysis temperature is improved by utilizing the effect. And controlling the effect voltage and the effect time according to the self condition of the electrolytic cell in an effect state.
In the later starting process, the main factors influencing the starting directly influence the total amount of the injected electrolyte and the stability of the voltage rise by the furnace regularity, the level of the aluminum in the cell, the temperature of the aluminum liquid and the depth of the sitting cell (whether the bottom palm of the anode is stained with the solidified electrolyte).
The hearth is regular, the level of aluminum in the bath is low, the temperature of aluminum liquid is high, the depth of the sitting bath is about 5cm, the states are ideal, the total amount of electrolyte is about 12 tons, the voltage rise is stable, and the secondary start is smooth;
the hearth is irregular, the aluminum level in the cell is high, the temperature of aluminum liquid is low, the depth of the sitting bath is about 3cm, the total amount of required electrolyte is more than 15 tons due to the states, the voltage swing of the cell is large, the voltage of the cell cannot be kept stable, and the starting difficulty is increased. Therefore, when the electrolytic cell is started, the anode rising degree and the electrolyte working state need to be observed more carefully, and the control voltage needs to be adjusted frequently to ensure the stable operation of the voltage, thereby realizing the secondary starting.
Finally, after 25 days, all the remaining 99 electrolytic cells are started successfully, the precedent that the secondary starting time is longest and the starting success rate is highest in the field is created, and reference and experience are provided for emergency repair and production recovery after the electrolytic production fails and power failure.
Claims (7)
1. A secondary starting method for a full-series power failure of an aluminum electrolysis cell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, enabling x electrolytic cells to reach a secondary starting condition through a sitting bath;
secondly, pouring enough liquid electrolyte into x electrolytic cells after the cells are seated, starting the cells for the second time by using an effect starting method, and starting x1 electrolytic cells within one week;
and thirdly, for the rest x2 electrolytic tanks, enabling the temperature to reach the temperature required by starting in a voltage point-lifting mode, then filling enough liquid electrolyte, controlling the voltage rising amplitude and the voltage rising frequency, keeping the voltage between 4.0V and 5.0V after the first package of electrolyte is filled, controlling the voltage within 8.0V when the second package of electrolyte is filled, waiting for the anode effect to occur after the voltage is stable, and improving the electrolytic temperature by using the effect to realize the shift of the secondary starting to the normal production condition.
2. The method for the secondary starting of the aluminum electrolytic cell in the full-series power failure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first step of the sitting bath means that after the power failure of the electrolytic cell, the electrolyte shrinks seriously, even the electrolyte solidifies and sinks into the bottom of the furnace, the electrolytic cell can not be produced normally, under the condition of no cell stopping, the anode is fully immersed in the aluminum water for 3-5 cm, and the aluminum liquid is roasted by the conductivity of the aluminum water, so as to ensure the heat loss of the electrolytic cell and maintain the heat preservation state of the electrolytic cell, thereby facilitating the secondary starting.
3. The method for starting the aluminum electrolytic cell for the second time of the full-series power failure as recited in claim 1, wherein the second step of the effect starting method is to raise the voltage to a level higher than the voltage of the electrolytic cell in the effect state after filling a sufficient amount of electrolyte during the starting of the electrolytic cell, and to generate heat energy by using the high voltage to melt all the solidified electrolyte in the electrolytic cell, thereby achieving the normal production condition of the electrolytic cell.
4. The method for the secondary startup of the full-series power failure of the aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 3, wherein the voltage of the electrolysis cell in the effect state is 8V, the voltage is maintained at 8-15V, and the time is about 30 minutes.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in the third step, the voltage is raised at a point during the second start-up procedure, the voltage rise is controlled to be 0.1-0.2V each time the voltage is raised, and the anode rise and the working state of the electrolyte are observed.
6. The method for the secondary startup of the aluminum electrolytic cell in the complete series of power failure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the first electrolyte pack weighs 7-8 tons, the second electrolyte pack weighs 5-7 tons, and the first electrolyte pack and the second electrolyte pack are filled in one electrolytic cell.
7. The method for secondary startup of a full-series power failure of an aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, after sufficient electrolyte is filled, the control strategy of the rising amplitude and the rising frequency is to keep the voltage rising at a constant speed, and the voltage is stopped for about 30s every 0.5V, specifically 3.0V, 3.5V, 4V, 4.5V, 5.0V, 5.5V and 6V, and after the voltage is 6V, the voltage is controlled to be kept at 6-8V, so as to reach the voltage required by secondary startup.
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| HANNULA, PYRY-MIKKO 等: ""Energy efficient copper electrowinning and direct deposition on carbon nanotube film from industrial wastewaters"", 《JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION》 * |
| 朱振国 等: ""90kA电解槽长时停电后的二次启动研究"", 《有色矿冶》 * |
| 杨国文: ""铝电解槽焙烧启动策略研究"", 《世界有色金属》 * |
| 郑楚明 等: ""系列电解槽长时间停电后的重新启动措施"", 《轻金属》 * |
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