CN110589920A - Solar heat collection device and seawater desalination system with same - Google Patents
Solar heat collection device and seawater desalination system with same Download PDFInfo
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- CN110589920A CN110589920A CN201910729860.1A CN201910729860A CN110589920A CN 110589920 A CN110589920 A CN 110589920A CN 201910729860 A CN201910729860 A CN 201910729860A CN 110589920 A CN110589920 A CN 110589920A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/043—Details
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
- F24S23/31—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses having discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lenses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/71—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
- F24S30/42—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with only one rotation axis
- F24S30/422—Vertical axis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of solar energy, in particular to a solar heat collection device and a seawater desalination system with the same, wherein the solar heat collection device comprises a transpiration device and a light condensation component which collects and guides solar rays to the transpiration device, and the light condensation component comprises a Fresnel lens, an adjusting component and a light guide pipe: the adjusting assembly comprises an adjuster with a fixed focus, and the Fresnel lens is arranged on the adjusting assembly; the regulator is connected with one end of the light pipe, the other end of the light pipe is connected with the transpiration device, and a light absorption material for converting solar energy into heat energy is arranged in the transpiration device; and a reflector is arranged between the light guide pipe and the transpiration device and used for reflecting the reflected light and the radiation light on the outer wall surface of the transpiration device to the inside of the transpiration device. According to the solar heat collection device, the Fresnel lens is adopted to collect and directionally guide solar rays to the transpiration device, the heat collection efficiency is high, and the seawater desalination system has high operation temperature, high fresh water yield and good economical efficiency and environmental friendliness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar energy, in particular to a solar heat collection device and a seawater desalination system with the same.
Background
At present, the global energy crisis is more serious, and the problem of water resource shortage is more prominent, so that the renewable clean solar energy is utilized to prepare fresh water from seawater with rich reserves, and the method has wide application prospect. The traditional solar seawater desalination technology has the defects of low operation temperature, low water yield, low economy and the like. Aiming at the defects:
chinese patent CN201210181611.1 discloses a seawater evaporator for concentrating solar seawater desalination device, by combining heliostat tower type concentrating system with traditional direct transpiration type solar seawater desalination device, a tower type solar seawater desalination system is designed, effectively solve the problem that solar heat supply temperature is not matched with the required temperature for seawater transpiration desalination, but each heliostat in the system needs an independent tracking strategy, control module is complicated, and provides strict requirements for height and strength of a central receiving tower, and strong brine generated can not be effectively recycled, on one hand, environmental protection is not facilitated, on the other hand, resource waste is caused. Although the produced strong brine is supplied to a salt field for salt production, the method needs a heat collecting field with a large area and has low overall economy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a solar heat collecting device with high heat collecting efficiency and simple control and a seawater desalination system with high operating temperature, simple control, more water production, high economy and environmental friendliness.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the solar heat collection device comprises a transpiration device and a light condensation component for condensing and guiding solar rays to the transpiration device, wherein the light condensation component comprises a Fresnel lens for condensing the solar rays, an adjusting component for adjusting the orientation of the Fresnel lens and a light guide pipe for guiding the solar rays to the transpiration device: the adjusting assembly comprises an adjuster with a fixed focus, the Fresnel lens is arranged on the adjusting assembly and is vertical to the solar rays, and the focus of the Fresnel lens is superposed with the focus of the adjuster; the solar energy collecting device comprises a regulator, a transpiration device and a solar energy collecting device, wherein the regulator is connected with one end of a light guide pipe, the other end of the light guide pipe is connected with the transpiration device, and a light absorption material for converting solar energy into heat energy is arranged in the transpiration device; and a reflector is arranged between the light guide pipe and the transpiration device and used for reflecting the reflected light and the radiation light on the outer wall surface of the transpiration device to the inside of the transpiration device.
According to the solar heat collection device, sunlight with low energy current density is converged by the Fresnel lens to form solar light beams with high energy current density, and the solar light beams with high energy current density are horizontally emitted under the action of the regulator and the light guide pipe; the emitted solar beams are absorbed by the light absorption material in the transpiration device, so that the conversion from solar energy to heat energy is realized, and the reflecting mirror is arranged between the light guide pipe and the transpiration device to reflect the reflected light and the radiation light on the outer wall surface of the transpiration device to the inside of the transpiration device, so that the light-heat utilization rate is improved, and the radiation loss is reduced. The solar heat collecting device adopts the Fresnel lens to collect and directionally guide the solar rays to the transpiration device, has high heat collecting efficiency and has better practicability.
Furthermore, the adjusting assembly comprises a base, a rotating platform, a mounting seat, a support and a mounting frame, the Fresnel lens is mounted in the mounting frame, the mounting frame is fixedly connected with the support, the mounting seat is fixedly mounted on the rotating platform, the support is hinged to the mounting seat, and the rotating platform is rotatably connected with the base. Under the action of the rotary platform, the Fresnel lens realizes the adjustment of the azimuth angle of the solar rays; the relative angle between the adjusting support and the mounting seat can be adjusted to the height angle of the solar rays, the Fresnel lens is perpendicular to the solar rays all the time as an adjusting result, and the condensation focus of the Fresnel lens coincides with the focus of the regulator.
Further, the regulator is of a paraboloid of revolution structure. According to the nature of the parabola, light rays emitted from the focus of the parabola are parallel to the symmetry axis of the parabola and are emitted from the opening of the parabola after being reflected by the parabola. Therefore, the condensation focus of the Fresnel lens is superposed with the focus of the directional regulator, so that the converged solar rays can be collimated and emitted from the opening of the directional regulator.
Furthermore, the transpiration device comprises a transparent tube, a mist catching net arranged on the upper part of the transparent tube, a grid arranged on the lower part of the transparent tube, a seawater inlet and a steam outlet which are communicated with the top of the transparent tube, a saline pipeline and a sewage pipeline which are communicated with the bottom of the transparent tube, and the light absorption material is filled in the transparent tube and is arranged between the mist catching net and the grid. Seawater enters from a seawater inlet, is fully mixed with the light absorption material and then is heated and evaporated to generate high-temperature steam, the steam is discharged from a steam outlet, and strong brine which is not changed into the steam is discharged from a brine pipeline below; a mist trap net is arranged to remove seawater droplets and other impurities in the steam, and a grating is arranged to prevent light absorbing materials from entering the brine pipe.
Further, a salinity sensor is arranged at the inlet of the brine pipeline and connected with the controller; the seawater inlet is provided with a first valve connected to the output end of the controller, and the brine pipeline inlet is provided with a second valve connected to the output end of the controller. The salinity sensor monitors the brine concentration in real time and uploads the information to the controller, and the controller adjusts the opening degree of the first valve and the opening and closing of the second valve according to the received information to realize the rough adjustment of the salinity of the brine.
Furthermore, the light condensing assembly is a plurality of groups, the plurality of groups of Fresnel lenses are arranged into a plurality of layers, the plurality of groups of light guide pipes are horizontally arranged, the transpiration device comprises a multi-stage transpiration device arranged from top to bottom, and light condensing rays of each layer of Fresnel lens are guided to the outer wall of one of the multi-stage transpiration device through the light guide pipes. Large-area solar rays are concentrated on the transpiration device to obtain high temperature, so that the overall efficiency of the system is improved; the multistage transpiration device is arranged to carry out multistage concentration of seawater, so that the multistage treatment of the seawater is improved conveniently.
Furthermore, the Fresnel lenses are in multiple groups, the multiple groups of Fresnel lenses are arranged into multiple layers, and light rays focused by each layer of Fresnel lens are intensively guided to the outer wall of the transparent tube through the light guide tube. The solar rays with large area are concentrated on the transpiration device to obtain high temperature, and then the overall efficiency of the system is improved.
Further, the light pipe includes first light pipe and second light pipe, the equal level setting of first light pipe, the one end of second light pipe is passed through the light converter and is connected in first light pipe, the other end of second pipe is concentrated in the outer wall of hyaline tube. The first light pipe is connected with the regulator, the focus of the regulator coincides with the focus of the Fresnel lens, and the light converter and the second light pipe are arranged to converge horizontal solar light on the outer wall of the transparent pipe, so that higher temperature is obtained, and the heat collection efficiency of the device is improved.
The invention also provides a seawater desalination system which comprises the solar heat collection device, wherein a seawater inlet of the transpiration device is connected with a condenser for preheating seawater, the seawater enters the transpiration device to absorb heat to form strong brine and steam, the steam is discharged from a steam outlet, the strong brine flows to a first storage tank through a brine pipeline, and the first storage tank is communicated with a solar pond; the steam outlet is connected with a superheater, superheated steam generated by the superheater flows to a steam turbine to push the steam turbine to do work for power generation, the steam turbine is connected with a condenser, and the condenser is connected with a fresh water storage tank.
According to the seawater desalination system, seawater firstly enters the condenser for heat exchange, preheated seawater enters the transpiration device, generated strong brine is discharged into the first storage tank, the salinity is adjusted and then enters the solar pond, when solar radiation is transmitted from the surface of the solar pond to the deep part, the energy of the solar radiation is absorbed by liquid in the pond, concentrated salt solution at the bottom of the solar pond can be taken out periodically according to needs, and the concentrated salt solution is subjected to flash evaporation and dehydration in a low-pressure container, so that sodium chloride is crystallized, and a salt product with higher quality is obtained while the salt production cost is reduced; in addition, steam generated by the transpiration device flows into the superheater for further treatment through flow equalization, and the treated superheated steam pushes the steam turbine to do work and output electric energy to the outside; meanwhile, the exhaust steam generated by the steam turbine enters the condenser for condensation, and the condensed water is stored in the fresh water storage tank and can be output outwards through the fresh water pipeline.
Furthermore, a pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the solar pond, and cold working media flow in the pipeline. The solar pond has large heat capacity and can store heat for a long time, so that a low-temperature heat source with stable performance can be provided; the pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the solar pond, cold working medium is injected into the pipeline, and heat energy can be output outwards after the pipeline is heated by the solar pond.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the solar heat collection device, the Fresnel lens is adopted to collect and directionally guide the solar rays to the transpiration device, so that the solar heat collection device is high in heat collection efficiency and has better practicability;
according to the seawater desalination system, the high heat collection efficiency of the solar heat collection device endows the seawater desalination system with high operation temperature and high fresh water yield, the strong brine generated by the transpiration device adopts the solar pond to collect salt making, the generated steam applies work to the steam turbine to generate electricity, and the fresh water obtained by condensing the steam generated by the steam turbine is recycled, so that the seawater desalination system has high economical efficiency and environmental friendliness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a solar thermal collector according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjustment assembly according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a solar heat collection device according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a solar heat collecting apparatus according to a third embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a seawater desalination system employing a solar heat collection device according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a seawater desalination system employing a solar thermal collection device according to a third embodiment;
in the drawings: 1-a transpiration device; 11-a transparent tube; 12-seawater inlet; 13-a steam outlet; 14-a brine conduit; 15-a sewage draining pipeline; 16-a first valve; 17-a second valve; 2-a Fresnel lens; 3-a regulating component; 31-a regulator; 32-a base; 33-a rotating platform; 34-a mounting seat; 35-a scaffold; 36-mounting the frame; 4-a light pipe; 41-a first light pipe; 42-a second light pipe; 43-a light converter; 5-a reflector; 6-a first transpiration device; 61-a first seawater inlet; 62-a first brine conduit; 63-a first steam outlet; 7-a second transpiration device; 71-a second seawater inlet; 72-a second brine conduit; 73-a second steam outlet; 8-a third transpiration device; 81-a third seawater inlet; 82-a third brine pipe; 83-a third steam outlet; 9-a fourth transpiration device; 91-fourth seawater inlet; 92-a fourth brine conduit; 93-a fourth steam outlet; 10-a seawater desalination system; 101-a condenser; 102-a first storage tank; 103-a seawater outlet pump; 104-a second storage tank; 105-a solar pond; 106-a steam pipeline; 107-superheater; 108-a steam turbine; 109-fresh water storage tank.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments. Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and are shown by way of illustration only and not in actual form, and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but it is not intended to indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific circumstances.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, a first embodiment of a solar heat collecting device includes an transpiration device 1 and a light collecting component for collecting and guiding solar rays to the transpiration device 1, wherein the light collecting component includes a fresnel lens 2 for collecting the solar rays, an adjusting component 3 for adjusting the orientation of the fresnel lens 2, and a light guide 4 for guiding the solar rays to the transpiration device 1: the adjusting assembly 3 comprises an adjuster 31 with a fixed focus, the Fresnel lens 2 is arranged on the adjusting assembly 3, the Fresnel lens 2 is perpendicular to the solar rays, and the focus of the Fresnel lens 2 is superposed with the focus of the adjuster 31; the regulator 31 is connected with one end of the light guide pipe 4, the other end of the light guide pipe 4 is connected with the transpiration device 1, and a light absorption material for converting solar energy into heat energy is arranged in the transpiration device 1; a reflector 5 is arranged between the light pipe 4 and the transpiration device 1 and used for reflecting the reflected light and the radiation light on the outer wall surface of the transpiration device 1 to the inside of the transpiration device 1. In the embodiment, when the solar transpiration device is implemented, the solar light with low energy current density is converged by the fresnel lens 2 to form a solar light beam with high energy current density, and the solar light beam with high energy current density is horizontally emitted under the action of the regulator 31 and the light guide pipe 4, and the emitted solar light beam is absorbed by the light absorption material in the transpiration device 1, so that the conversion from solar energy to heat energy is realized.
As shown in fig. 2, the adjusting assembly 3 includes a base 32, a rotary platform 33, a mounting seat 34, a support 35 and a mounting frame 36, the fresnel lens 2 is mounted in the mounting frame 36, the mounting frame 36 is fixedly connected to the support 35, the mounting seat 34 is fixedly mounted on the rotary platform 33, the support 35 is hinged to the mounting seat 34, and the rotary platform 33 is rotatably connected to the base 32. Under the action of the rotary platform 33, the Fresnel lens 2 realizes the adjustment of the solar ray azimuth angle; the relative angle between the support 35 and the mounting seat 34 is adjusted, so that the height angle of the solar ray can be adjusted; the result of the adjustment is that the fresnel lens 2 is always perpendicular to the solar rays and the converging focus of the fresnel lens 2 coincides with the focus of the adjuster 31. Wherein, the regulator 31 is a rotary paraboloid structure; according to the property of the parabola, light rays emitted from the focus of the parabola are parallel to the symmetry axis of the parabola and are emitted from the opening of the parabola after being reflected by the parabola; therefore, by making the condensing focal point of the fresnel lens 2 coincide with the focal point of the directional regulator 31, the concentrated solar rays can be collimated and emitted from the opening of the directional regulator 31. Due to the sun's opening angle and other influences, the light emitted from the opening of the regulator 31 has a certain divergence angle, and the light guide 4 functions to confine the divergent light to be collimated to the transpiration device 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the transpiration device 1 comprises a transparent pipe 11, a seawater inlet 12 and a steam outlet 13 which are arranged at the top of the transparent pipe 11 and communicated with each other, a saline pipeline 14 communicated with the bottom of the transparent pipe 11 and a sewage pipeline 15; during operation, seawater enters from the seawater inlet 12, is fully mixed with the light absorption material and then is heated and evaporated to generate high-temperature steam, the steam is discharged from the steam outlet 13, and strong brine which is not changed into steam is discharged from the brine pipeline 14 below. In this embodiment, a mist trap net is installed on the upper part of the transparent pipe 11 to remove seawater droplets and other impurities in the steam, a grating is installed on the lower part of the transparent pipe 11 to prevent the light absorbing material from entering the brine pipe 14, and the light absorbing material is filled between the mist trap net and the grating. In this embodiment, the shower head is provided at the seawater inlet 12 so that the seawater enters the transpiration device 1 in a shower manner, but this is preferable for increasing the heat exchange area between the seawater and the light absorbing material and improving the heat exchange efficiency, and is not a restrictive provision.
In addition, the present embodiment is provided with a salinity sensor at the inlet of the brine pipe 14, the salinity sensor is connected to the controller; a first valve 16 connected to the output end of the controller is arranged at the seawater inlet 12, and a second valve 17 connected to the output end of the controller is arranged at the inlet of the brine pipeline 14; the salinity sensor monitors the brine concentration in real time and uploads the information to the controller, and the controller adjusts the opening degree of the first valve 16 and the opening and closing of the second valve 17 according to the received information to realize the rough adjustment of the salinity of the brine.
The light absorbing material in this embodiment may be black ceramic particles, but is not limited to black ceramic particles, and other light absorbing materials capable of converting light energy into heat energy may also be suitable for the present invention.
Example two
The energy that single fresnel lens 2 can assemble is limited, and for making transpiration device 1 can effectively collect high temperature heat energy, the solar heat collection device of this embodiment adopts numerous fresnel lens 2 of a quantity, through 2 mirror fields of fresnel lens and the rational design and the arrangement of light pipe 4, concentrates the solar ray of large tracts of land on transpiration device 1 to obtain higher temperature, improve heat collection device's collecting efficiency. In the embodiment, the light rays of the multi-layer fresnel lens 2 are converged on the transpiration device 1 in a multi-layer horizontal light condensation manner, as shown in fig. 3.
Specifically, the spotlight subassembly is the multiunit, and multiunit fresnel lens 2 arranges to the multilayer, and the equal level of multiunit light pipe 4 sets up, and transpiration device 1 includes the multistage transpiration device 1 that top-down set up, and the light-focusing line that each layer fresnel lens 2 is collected leads to the outer wall of one of them one-level transpiration device 1 through light pipe 4. By the arrangement, large-area solar rays can be concentrated on the transpiration device 1 to obtain high temperature, so that the overall efficiency of the system is improved; the multistage transpiration device 1 is arranged to carry out multistage concentration of seawater, so that the multistage treatment of the seawater is improved conveniently.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 4, a third embodiment of a solar heat collection device is shown, which is similar to the first embodiment, except that the fresnel lenses 2 are in multiple groups, the multiple groups of fresnel lenses 2 are arranged in multiple layers, and the light focused by each layer of fresnel lenses 2 is guided to the outer wall of the transparent tube 11 through the light guide tube 4. As described above, a large area of solar rays are concentrated on the outer wall of the transpiration device 1, and a higher temperature can be obtained than in the second embodiment. For realizing the gathering of the sunlight, the sunlight needs to guide the direction of the sunlight to be adjusted to the inclined direction from the horizontal direction in the transmission process, and the light pipe 4 is arranged as the first light pipe 41 and the second light pipe 42 in the embodiment: the first light pipe 41 is horizontally disposed, one end of the second light pipe 42 is connected to the first light pipe 41 through a light converter, and the other end of the second light pipe is concentrated on the outer wall of the transparent pipe 11. Therefore, the first light pipe 41 is connected with the regulator 31, the focus of the regulator 31 is overlapped with the focus of the Fresnel lens 2, the light converter and the second light pipe 42 are arranged to converge horizontal solar light on the outer wall of the transparent pipe 11, high temperature can be obtained, and the heat collection efficiency of the device is improved.
In this embodiment, a plane mirror may be disposed inside the light converter 43, and the normal direction of the plane mirror coincides with the bisector of the axes of the first light pipe 41 and the second light pipe 42, so as to reduce the energy loss inside the light pipe 4.
Example four
Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a seawater desalination system 10 applying a second solar heat collection device according to an embodiment, in this embodiment, a four-stage transpiration device 1 is disposed in a central receiving tower, and is respectively shown as a first transpiration device 6, a second transpiration device 7, a third transpiration device 8, and a fourth transpiration device 9 from top to bottom, but it should be noted that the number of the transpiration devices 1 adopted in the present invention is not limited to 4 groups, and can be adjusted according to actual application requirements. The first seawater inlet 61 of the first transpiration device 6 and the second seawater inlet 71 of the second transpiration device 7 are communicated with seawater, the second brine pipe 72 of the second transpiration device 7 is connected with the third seawater inlet 81 of the third transpiration device 8, the third brine pipe 82 of the third transpiration device 8 is connected with the fourth seawater inlet 91 of the fourth transpiration device 9, and the first steam outlet 63 of the first transpiration device 6, the second steam outlet 73 of the second transpiration device 7, the third steam outlet 83 of the third transpiration device 8 and the fourth steam outlet 93 of the fourth transpiration device 9 are communicated with a steam pipe 106.
As shown in fig. 5, the seawater desalination system 10 includes the solar heat collection device as before, the seawater inlet 12 of the transpiration device 1 is connected with a condenser 101 for seawater preheating, seawater enters the transpiration device 1 to absorb heat to form first brine and steam, the steam is discharged from the first steam outlet 63, and the first brine flows to the first storage tank 102 through the first brine pipeline 62; meanwhile, the seawater enters the second transpiration device 7 under the action of the seawater outlet pump 103, the strong brine generated by the second transpiration device 7 flows into the third transpiration device 8 through the second brine pipe 72 to be steamed again, until the second strong brine flows into the fourth transpiration device 9 to be steamed into second strong brine, and the second strong brine flows into the second storage tank 104. Since the second strong brine undergoes multi-stage transpiration to obtain a higher concentration than the first strong brine, the first storage tank 102 communicates with the upper portion of the solar pond 105, introducing the first strong brine into the dilute brine layer of the solar pond 105; the second storage tank 104 communicates with a lower portion of the solar cell 105, and introduces a second concentrated brine into the concentrated brine layer of the solar cell 105. So configured, as solar radiation propagates deep from the surface of the solar cell 105, its energy is absorbed by the liquid within the cell. The solution with different densities in the solar pond 105 can overcome density change caused by temperature difference and buoyancy lift force generated by the density change, and simultaneously, the solar pond 105 has the characteristics of large heat capacity, simple structure, low manufacturing cost and long-term heat storage, and can provide a low-temperature heat source with stable performance all year round. In order to fully utilize the stored heat in the solar cell 105, in this embodiment, a pipeline may be disposed at the bottom of the solar cell 105, and a cold working medium may be filled in the pipeline, and the cold working medium may be heated by the solar cell 105 to output heat energy outwards. The high-temperature concentrated salt solution at the bottom of the solar pond 105 can be taken out periodically and is subjected to flash evaporation dehydration in a low-pressure container, so that sodium chloride is crystallized, and a salt product with higher quality is obtained while the cost for preparing salt is reduced.
Meanwhile, steam generated by each stage of transpiration device 1 enters the superheater 107 through the steam pipeline 106 for treatment, and the treated superheated steam pushes the steam turbine 108 to work and output electric energy outwards. The steam turbine 108 generates exhaust steam in the working process, an exhaust pipeline is arranged to guide the exhaust steam of the steam turbine 108 to the condenser 101, and the exhaust steam exchanges heat with seawater: the steam turbine 108 discharges steam to transfer heat to the seawater, the temperature is reduced and the heat is condensed into fresh water, the generated fresh water is output to the outside through a fresh water pipeline or is guided into a fresh water storage tank 109 to be stored, and according to the embodiment, a purification device can be arranged at the outlet of the condenser 101 as required to purify the fresh water; meanwhile, the seawater absorbs heat, the temperature rises, and the preheating effect is achieved.
EXAMPLE five
Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of a seawater desalination system 10 applying a third solar heat collection device of the third embodiment, including the third solar heat collection device of the third embodiment, a seawater inlet 12 of the transpiration device 1 is connected with a condenser 101 for preheating seawater, seawater enters the transpiration device 1 to absorb heat to form concentrated brine and steam, the steam is discharged from a steam outlet 13, the concentrated brine flows into a first storage tank 102 through a brine pipeline 14, and the first storage tank 102 is communicated with a solar pond 105; the steam outlet 13 is connected with a superheater 107, superheated steam generated by the superheater 107 flows to a steam turbine 108 to push the steam turbine 108 to do work and generate power, the steam turbine 108 is connected with a condenser 101, and the condenser 101 is connected with a fresh water storage tank 109. In order to fully utilize the stored heat in the solar cell 105, in this embodiment, a pipeline may be disposed at the bottom of the solar cell 105, and a cold working medium is filled in the pipeline, and the cold working medium is heated by the solar cell 105 and then outputs heat energy to the outside.
Compared with the fifth embodiment, the solar heat collection device of the present embodiment collects energy in the single-stage transpiration device 1, and has higher heat collection temperature and higher power, and can obtain higher-temperature and higher-pressure steam and stronger strong brine, based on which, in the present embodiment, the brine pipeline 14 of the transpiration device 1 is connected to the strong brine layer at the lower part of the solar pond 105, and introduces seawater into the weak brine layer at the upper part of the solar pond 105, so that density change caused by temperature difference and the generated buoyancy lift force can be overcome by using solutions with different densities in the solar pond 105.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A solar heat collection device is characterized by comprising a transpiration device (1) and a light condensation component for collecting and guiding solar rays to the transpiration device (1), wherein the light condensation component comprises a Fresnel lens (2) for collecting the solar rays, an adjusting component (3) for adjusting the direction of the Fresnel lens (2) and a light guide pipe (4) for guiding the solar rays to the transpiration device (1): the adjusting assembly (3) comprises an adjuster (31) with a fixed focus, the Fresnel lens (2) is arranged on the adjusting assembly (3), the Fresnel lens (2) is perpendicular to the solar rays, and the focus of the Fresnel lens (2) is superposed with the focus of the adjuster (31); the regulator (31) is connected with one end of a light guide pipe (4), the other end of the light guide pipe (4) is connected with the transpiration device (1), and a light absorption material for converting solar energy into heat energy is arranged in the transpiration device (1); and a reflector (5) is arranged between the light guide pipe (4) and the transpiration device (1) and is used for reflecting the reflected light and the radiation light of the outer wall surface of the transpiration device (1) to the inside of the transpiration device (1).
2. The solar heat collection device according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting assembly (3) comprises a base (32), a rotating platform (33), a mounting seat (34), a support (35) and a mounting frame (36), the Fresnel lens (2) is mounted in the mounting frame (36), the mounting frame (36) is fixedly connected to the support (35), the mounting seat (34) is fixedly mounted on the rotating platform (33), the support (35) is hinged to the mounting seat (34), and the rotating platform (33) is rotatably connected to the base (32).
3. Solar collector device according to claim 1, characterized in that said regulator (31) is of a paraboloidal configuration of revolution.
4. The solar heat collection device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the transpiration device (1) comprises a transparent tube (11), a mist trapping net arranged at the upper part of the transparent tube (11), a grid arranged at the lower part of the transparent tube (11), a seawater inlet (12) and a steam outlet (13) which are communicated with the top of the transparent tube (11), a saline pipeline (14) and a sewage discharge pipeline (15) which are communicated with the bottom of the transparent tube (11), and the light absorption material is filled in the transparent tube (11) and is arranged between the mist trapping net and the grid.
5. Solar collector device according to claim 4, characterized in that the inlet of said brine pipe (14) is provided with a salinity sensor connected to a controller; the seawater inlet (12) is provided with a first valve (16) connected to the output end of the controller, and the inlet of the brine pipeline (14) is provided with a second valve (17) connected to the output end of the controller.
6. The solar heat collection device according to claim 4, wherein the light concentration assembly is a plurality of groups, the plurality of groups of Fresnel lenses (2) are arranged in multiple layers, the plurality of groups of light guide pipes (4) are horizontally arranged, the transpiration device (1) is a multi-stage and multi-stage transpiration device (1) arranged from top to bottom, and light concentration lines of each layer of Fresnel lenses (2) are guided to the outer wall of one of the stages of transpiration devices (1) through the light guide pipes (4).
7. The solar heat collection device according to claim 4, wherein the Fresnel lenses (2) are in multiple groups, the multiple groups of Fresnel lenses (2) are arranged in multiple layers, and light rays focused by each layer of Fresnel lenses (2) are intensively guided to the outer wall of the transparent tube (11) through the light guide tube (4).
8. Solar collector device according to claim 7, wherein said light pipe (4) comprises a first light pipe (41) and a second light pipe (42), said first light pipe (41) being horizontally arranged, one end of said second light pipe (42) being connected to said first light pipe (41) by means of a light converter, the other end of said second pipe being concentrated on the outer wall of said transparent pipe (11).
9. A seawater desalination system (10) comprising a solar heat collector as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a condenser (101) for preheating seawater is connected to a seawater inlet (12) of the transpiration device (1), seawater enters the transpiration device (1) to absorb heat to form concentrated brine and steam, the steam is discharged from a steam outlet (13), the concentrated brine flows into a first storage tank (102) through a brine pipeline (14), and the first storage tank (102) is communicated with a solar pond (105); steam outlet (13) are connected with over heater (107), the superheated steam flow direction that over heater (107) produced pushes steam turbine (108) to do work and generate electricity steam turbine (108), steam turbine (108) are connected with condenser (101), condenser (101) are connected with fresh water storage tank (109).
10. The seawater desalination system (10) of claim 9, wherein the bottom of the solar pond (105) is provided with a pipeline, and cold working fluid flows in the pipeline.
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