CN110588395B - Vehicle-mounted charger control circuit and method, charger and electric vehicle - Google Patents

Vehicle-mounted charger control circuit and method, charger and electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110588395B
CN110588395B CN201910865819.7A CN201910865819A CN110588395B CN 110588395 B CN110588395 B CN 110588395B CN 201910865819 A CN201910865819 A CN 201910865819A CN 110588395 B CN110588395 B CN 110588395B
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conversion module
bridge llc
llc resonant
voltage
vehicle
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CN110588395A (en
Inventor
孔凡勇
赵洪振
李漫漫
于为珍
韩东
孙迎宾
马义勇
李宏伟
薛燕
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Jinxiang Power Supply Co of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Jinxiang Power Supply Co of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

The invention provides a vehicle-mounted charger control circuit, a vehicle-mounted charger control method, a charger and an electric vehicle, wherein the vehicle-mounted charger control circuit comprises a filtering and rectifying module, a power factor correction module, a half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module and a main control module, wherein the filtering and rectifying module is used for filtering an input alternating current signal to remove an electromagnetic interference signal and then converting the electromagnetic interference signal into a direct current signal; the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module is used for enabling the switching tube to work in a zero-voltage state so as to realize zero-voltage switching-on when the charger is charged; the main control module is used for acquiring the zero crossing point of the resonant current of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module and the zero crossing point of the voltage of the midpoint voltage of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module in real time, and by comparing the potential difference of the two zero crossing points, the detection of the resonant network input impedance of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is realized to ensure that the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module works in an inductive area, so that the charger can work in a zero-voltage working area no matter the load changes or the input voltage changes, and further the harmonic pollution when the charger is charged is reduced.

Description

Vehicle-mounted charger control circuit and method, charger and electric vehicle
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of electric automobiles, in particular to a control circuit and a control method for a vehicle-mounted charger, the charger and an electric automobile.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
In the face of adding new energy, the safety and reliability of a power grid are seriously checked, strict requirements are put on the safety and reliability of adding new energy into the power grid, and particularly, when an electric vehicle-mounted charger charges an electric vehicle, large harmonic pollution is easily generated, so that zero-voltage starting and zero-current switching-off are generally realized by using a resonant converter in the vehicle-mounted charger, but when general resonant converters have high input voltage, the phenomenon of overlarge switching-off current exists, and the problems of conduction loss and overhigh switching loss exist when the input voltage is wide, and the limitation limits the further improvement of the switching frequency and the efficiency of the converter.
The inventor of the present disclosure finds in research that a half-bridge LLC resonant converter can realize ZVS in a full load range and a wide input voltage range, and is very suitable for being used as a power topology of a vehicle-mounted charger, but (1) currently, a common LLC resonant converter mostly adopts analog control, and has poor expansibility and poor universality; (2) the current LLC resonant converter cannot ensure that a charger can work in a zero-voltage working area no matter load change or input voltage change, so that the new energy electric automobile is charged efficiently in a power grid and harmonic pollution is reduced; (3) the current LLC resonant converter cannot be adjusted in real time to ensure that a half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module works in an inductive area.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the disclosure provides a vehicle-mounted charger control circuit, a vehicle-mounted charger control method, a charger and an electric automobile, wherein the charger can work in a zero-voltage working area no matter load change or input voltage change, and harmonic pollution is reduced while the electric automobile with new energy is charged in a high efficiency mode in a power grid.
In order to achieve the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted in the disclosure:
in a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a control circuit for a vehicle-mounted charger for an electric vehicle;
a vehicle-mounted charger control circuit for an electric automobile comprises a filtering and rectifying module, a power factor correction module, a half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module and a main control module, wherein the filtering and rectifying module is used for filtering electromagnetic interference signals of input alternating current signals and converting the electromagnetic interference signals into direct current signals;
the power factor correction module is used for removing harmonic components in the direct current signal and outputting a direct current voltage signal to a load through the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module, and the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module is used for enabling the switching tube to work in a zero-voltage state so as to realize zero-voltage switching-on when the charger is charged;
the main control module is used for acquiring the output voltage of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module in real time, outputting a PWM control signal to the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module according to the acquired output voltage data, and stabilizing the output voltage of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module by controlling the on and off of a switch tube in the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module;
the main control module is used for acquiring a resonant current zero crossing point of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module and a voltage zero crossing point of a midpoint voltage of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module in real time, detecting the input impedance of a resonant network of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module by comparing phases of the two zero crossing points, and ensuring that the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module works in an inductive area by dynamically controlling the on-off of a switching tube in the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module;
the main control module is also used for collecting various parameters of the battery in real time and controlling the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module according to the collected parameters to realize conversion of protection charging, constant current charging, constant voltage charging and trickle charging.
As some possible implementation manners, the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module includes a half-bridge structure, a resonant network, a transformer, a rectification circuit, and a filter circuit, and includes, on a primary side of the transformer, a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a resonant inductor, an excitation inductor, and a resonant capacitor;
the first switch tube and the second switch tube respectively comprise a first parasitic capacitor and a second parasitic capacitor, the secondary winding of the transformer adopts a center tap mode, and the rectifying and filtering circuit comprises a first diode, a second diode and a first filtering capacitor.
As some possible implementations, the turn ratio n of the transformer is determined by:
Figure BDA0002201239160000031
wherein, Vin_nomIs the rated input voltage, V, of the resonant networkoIs the output voltage, V, of a half-bridge LLC resonant conversion moduledThe voltage drop of the rectifier tube conducting tube.
By further limitation, the maximum direct current gain G of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is determined by the transformer transformation ratio nmaxAnd minimum DC gain GminRespectively is as follows:
Figure BDA0002201239160000032
Figure BDA0002201239160000033
as a further limitation, the normalized frequency f of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion modulen＝f/frWhen f isnWhen the value is 1, the working frequency f of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is equal to the resonant frequency frAt the moment, the direct current gain of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is 1 and is not influenced by the load, and the realization of the primary side switching tube of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion moduleZVS, a secondary side rectifier tube diode realizes ZCS, and a half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module works in an optimal state;
by maximum value of DC gain GmaxDetermining minimum operating frequency f of half-bridge LLC resonant conversion modulemin；
Figure BDA0002201239160000041
By a minimum value of DC gain GminDetermining maximum operating frequency f of half-bridge LLC resonant conversion modulemax；
Figure BDA0002201239160000042
Further, the operating frequency f of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is in the range: f. ofmin<f<fmax；
Wherein k is an inductance ratio, and the value of the inductance ratio k is 1/3.
By way of further limitation, the maximum quality factor that can be obtained when the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module operates in the inductive range is:
Figure BDA0002201239160000043
in order to ensure that the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module can work in an inductive region in a full-load range, the quality factor Q of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is lower than Qmax；
Further, Q is (90% to 95%) Qmax。
As a further limitation, the value of the resonant inductance is:
Figure BDA0002201239160000044
the value of the resonance capacitance is:
Figure BDA0002201239160000045
the value of the excitation inductance is:
Figure BDA0002201239160000046
wherein R isacIs an equivalent load resistance value.
In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a control method for a vehicle-mounted charger for an electric vehicle, where, by using the control circuit of the present disclosure, the steps are as follows:
after the battery is connected to a charger, detecting the voltage of the battery to be charged, and judging whether protective charging needs to be carried out for a period of time to activate reaction substances;
various parameters of the battery and the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module are collected in real time, and the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is controlled according to the collected parameters to realize the conversion of constant-current charging, constant-voltage charging and trickle charging;
further, the output voltage of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is collected in real time, a PWM control signal is output to the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module according to the collected output voltage data, and the output voltage of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is stabilized by controlling the on and off of a switch tube in the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module;
furthermore, the zero crossing point of the resonant current of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module and the zero crossing point of the voltage of the midpoint of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module are acquired in real time, the detection of the input impedance of the resonant network of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is realized by comparing the phases of the two zero crossing points, and a PWM control signal is sent to the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module according to the detection result to ensure that the phase of the zero crossing point of the voltage of the midpoint of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is ahead of the phase of the zero crossing point of the resonant current of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module so as to realize that the.
In a third aspect, the disclosure provides a vehicle-mounted charger for an electric automobile, which comprises the vehicle-mounted charger control circuit for the electric automobile.
In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides an electric vehicle, including the vehicle-mounted charger control circuit for an electric vehicle of the present disclosure;
in a fifth aspect, the present disclosure provides an electric vehicle, which includes the vehicle-mounted charger of the present disclosure.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this disclosure is:
according to the charging method and device, the main control module is used for ensuring that the LLC resonant converter cannot be adjusted in real time so as to ensure that the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module works in a sensitive area, and further, the charging machine can work in a zero-voltage working area no matter load change or input voltage change, so that the new energy electric automobile is charged efficiently in a power grid, and harmonic pollution is reduced.
The content through setting up host system, gather LLC resonant converter and treat rechargeable battery's each item parameter, realize the real-time dynamic control to the converter, stability of the output voltage of assurance converter that can be real-time has solved the poor problem of expansibility and commonality when current LLC resonant converter adopts analog control.
According to the method and the device, through effective setting and selection of all parameters of the LLC resonance conversion module, the charger can work in a zero-voltage working area no matter load change or input voltage change is guaranteed, and therefore zero-voltage starting and zero-current turning-off can be guaranteed no matter what conditions are.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle-mounted charger control circuit according to embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an LLC resonant conversion module described in embodiment 1 of this disclosure.
Fig. 3 shows dc gains of the LLC resonant conversion module at different k values when Q is 0.5 according to embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, an embodiment 1 of the present disclosure provides a control circuit of a vehicle-mounted charger for an electric vehicle, including a filtering and rectifying module, a power factor correction module, a half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module and a main control module, where the filtering and rectifying module is configured to filter an input ac signal from an electromagnetic interference signal and convert the filtered input ac signal into a dc signal;
the power factor correction module is used for removing harmonic components in the direct current signal and outputting a direct current voltage signal to a load through the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module, and the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module is used for enabling the switching tube to work in a zero-voltage state so as to realize zero-voltage switching-on when the charger is charged;
the main control module is used for acquiring the output voltage of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module in real time, outputting a PWM control signal to the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module according to the acquired output voltage data, and stabilizing the output voltage of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module by controlling the on and off of a switch tube in the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module;
the main control module is used for acquiring a resonant current zero crossing point of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module and a voltage zero crossing point of a midpoint voltage of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module in real time, detecting the input impedance of a resonant network of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module by comparing the phases of the two zero crossing points, and dynamically controlling the on-off of a switch tube in the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module to ensure that the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module works in an inductive area;
the main control module is also used for collecting various parameters of the battery in real time and controlling the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module according to the collected parameters to realize conversion of protection charging, constant current charging, constant voltage charging and trickle charging.
As shown in fig. 2, the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module includes a half-bridge structure, a resonant network, a transformer, a rectification and filtering circuit, and includes a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a resonant inductor, an excitation inductor, and a resonant capacitor on a primary side of the transformer;
the first switch tube and the second switch tube respectively comprise a first parasitic capacitor and a second parasitic capacitor, the secondary winding of the transformer adopts a center tap mode, and the rectifying and filtering circuit comprises a first diode, a second diode and a first filtering capacitor.
As some possible implementations, the turn ratio n of the transformer is determined by:
Figure BDA0002201239160000081
wherein, Vin_nomIs the rated input voltage, V, of the resonant networkoIs the output voltage, V, of a half-bridge LLC resonant conversion moduledThe voltage drop of the rectifier tube conducting tube.
By further limitation, the maximum direct current gain G of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is determined by the transformer transformation ratio nmaxAnd minimum DC gain GminRespectively is as follows:
Figure BDA0002201239160000082
Figure BDA0002201239160000083
normalized frequency f of half-bridge LLC resonant conversion modulen＝f/frWhen f isnWhen the value is 1, the working frequency f of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is equal to the resonant frequency frAt the moment, the direct current gain of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is 1 and is not influenced by a load, ZVS is realized by a primary side switch tube of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module, ZCS is realized by a secondary side rectifier tube diode, and the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module works in an optimal state;
by maximum value of DC gain GmaxDetermining minimum operating frequency f of half-bridge LLC resonant conversion modulemin；
Figure BDA0002201239160000084
By a minimum value of DC gain GminDetermining maximum operating frequency f of half-bridge LLC resonant conversion modulemax；
Figure BDA0002201239160000091
Further, the operating frequency f of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is in the range: f. ofmin<f<fmax；
Wherein k is an inductance coefficient ratio; when the Q value is not changed and the inductance coefficient is different from k, the characteristic of the converter dc gain variation with frequency, as shown in fig. 3, when the k value is increased, the converter gain curve becomes steep, the maximum value of the converter dc gain becomes large, and the frequency variation range for obtaining the same gain becomes narrower, which means that the converter regulation capability is enhanced, but also means that the regulation accuracy is difficult to guarantee. In this case, assume a resonant inductance LrDetermining, exciting inductance LmThe value of (c) becomes small. When exciting inductance LmWhen not participating in resonance, LmThe current im in the resonance inductor is nV0/LmWill increase the excitation inductance LmThe loss increases and the overall converter efficiency is reduced. Moreover, as the k value increases, the magnetic integration process requirements for the magnetic element are higher. Conversely, when the k value becomes smaller, the maximum value of the DC gain of the converter becomes smaller, and the converterThe gain curve becomes gentle and the wider the frequency variation range for obtaining the same gain, the lower the regulation capability of the converter. When the input voltage is low, the requirements in terms of converter voltage gain may not be met. In summary, the k value should not be selected too large, but not too small, and in the design of this embodiment, the k value is selected to be 1/3.
As can be known from the definition of the quality factor Q, the quality factor Q can reflect the change of the load connected with the converter, and the heavier the load is, the greater the quality factor is, so the discussion of selecting the quality factor Q is just the discussion of the working state of the converter under the condition of load change. When the inductance coefficient ratio k is determined, the quality factor Q is larger and the direct current gain is lower at the same frequency, and the converter has the maximum quality factor Q when working in an inductive areamaxWhen the quality factor is larger than the value, the converter works in a capacitive region, and in the working region, the ZVS cannot be realized by the switching tube;
based on the above analysis, to achieve ZVS in the full load range, the quality factor Q of the converter at the maximum gain required to meet the actual demand is guaranteed to be less than QmaxAccording to the lowest voltage input of the converter and the maximum gain G at full loadmaxAnd (3) obtaining the minimum normalized frequency of the maximum gain of the converter on the boundary of the capacity region and the inductive region:
Figure BDA0002201239160000101
the maximum quality factor that can be obtained when the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module works in an inductive range is as follows:
Figure BDA0002201239160000102
in order to ensure that the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module can work in an inductive region in a full-load range, the quality factor Q of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is lower than Qmax；
Further, Q is (90% to 95%) Qmax。
The values of the resonance inductance are:
Figure BDA0002201239160000103
the value of the resonance capacitance is:
Figure BDA0002201239160000104
the value of the excitation inductance is:
Figure BDA0002201239160000105
wherein R isacIs an equivalent load resistance value.
The content described in this embodiment ensures that the charger can work in a zero-voltage working area no matter load change or input voltage change through effective setting and selection of each parameter of the LLC resonant converter, thereby ensuring that zero-voltage start and zero-current turn-off can be realized no matter what kind of situation.
Example 2:
the disclosed embodiment 2 provides a control method for a vehicle-mounted charger for an electric vehicle, and by using the control circuit disclosed in the disclosed embodiment 1, the steps are as follows:
after the battery is connected to a charger, detecting the voltage of the battery to be charged, and judging whether protective charging needs to be carried out for a period of time to activate reaction substances;
various parameters of the battery and the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module are collected in real time, and the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is controlled according to the collected parameters to realize the conversion of constant-current charging, constant-voltage charging and trickle charging;
further, the output voltage of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is collected in real time, a PWM control signal is output to the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module according to the collected output voltage data, and the output voltage of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is stabilized by controlling the on and off of a switch tube in the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module;
furthermore, the zero crossing point of the resonant current of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module and the zero crossing point of the voltage of the midpoint of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module are acquired in real time, the detection of the input impedance of the resonant network of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is realized by comparing the phases of the two zero crossing points, and a PWM control signal is sent to the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module according to the detection result to ensure that the phase of the zero crossing point of the voltage of the midpoint of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is ahead of the phase of the zero crossing point of the resonant current of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module so as to realize that the.
Example 3:
the embodiment 3 of the disclosure provides a vehicle-mounted charger for an electric automobile, which comprises a vehicle-mounted charger control circuit for the electric automobile.
Example 4:
the embodiment 4 of the present disclosure provides an electric vehicle, including the vehicle-mounted charger control circuit for an electric vehicle according to the present disclosure;
example 5:
the embodiment 5 of the present disclosure provides an electric vehicle, including the vehicle-mounted charger for an electric vehicle of the present disclosure.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. The vehicle-mounted charger control circuit for the electric automobile is characterized by comprising a filtering and rectifying module, a power factor correction module, a half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module and a main control module, wherein the filtering and rectifying module is used for filtering an electromagnetic interference signal from an input alternating current signal and converting the electromagnetic interference signal into a direct current signal;
the power factor correction module is used for removing harmonic components in the direct current signal and outputting a direct current voltage signal to a load through the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module, and the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module is used for enabling the switching tube to work in a zero-voltage state so as to realize zero-voltage switching-on when the charger is charged;
the main control module is used for acquiring the output voltage of the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module in real time, outputting a PWM control signal to the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module according to the acquired output voltage data, and stabilizing the output voltage of the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module by controlling the on and off of a switch tube in the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module;
the main control module is used for acquiring a resonant current zero crossing point of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module and a voltage zero crossing point of a midpoint voltage of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module in real time, and detecting the resonant network input impedance of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module by comparing the phases of the two zero crossing points so as to ensure that the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module works in an inductive area;
the main control module is also used for acquiring various parameters of the battery in real time and controlling the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module according to the acquired parameters so as to realize conversion of protection charging, constant-current charging, constant-voltage charging and trickle charging;
normalized frequency f of half-bridge LLC resonant conversion modulen＝f/frWhen f isnWhen the value is 1, the working frequency f of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is equal to the resonant frequency frAt the moment, the direct current gain of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is 1 and is not influenced by a load, ZVS is realized by a primary side switch tube of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module, ZCS is realized by a secondary side rectifier tube diode, and the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module works in an optimal state;
by maximum value of DC gain GmaxDetermining minimum operating frequency f of half-bridge LLC resonant conversion modulemin；
Figure FDA0002677940220000011
By a minimum value of DC gain GminDetermining maximum operating frequency f of half-bridge LLC resonant conversion modulemax；
Figure FDA0002677940220000012
Further, the operating frequency f of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is in the range: f. ofmin<f<fmax；
Wherein k is an inductance coefficient ratio.
2. The vehicle-mounted charger control circuit for the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module comprises a half-bridge structure, a resonance network, a transformer, a rectification circuit and a filter circuit, and the primary side of the transformer comprises a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a resonance inductor, an excitation inductor and a resonance capacitor;
the first switch tube and the second switch tube respectively comprise a first parasitic capacitor and a second parasitic capacitor, the secondary winding of the transformer adopts a center tap mode, and the rectifying and filtering circuit comprises a first diode, a second diode and a first filtering capacitor.
3. The vehicle-mounted charger control circuit for the electric automobile according to claim 2, wherein the turn ratio n of the transformer is determined in a manner that:
Figure FDA0002677940220000021
wherein, Vin_nomIs the rated input voltage, V, of the resonant networkoIs the output voltage, V, of a half-bridge LLC resonant conversion moduledThe voltage drop of the rectifier tube conducting tube.
4. The vehicle-mounted charger control circuit for the electric automobile according to claim 3, wherein the maximum direct current gain G of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is determined by the turn ratio n of the transformermaxAnd minimum DC gain GminRespectively is as follows:
Figure FDA0002677940220000022
Figure FDA0002677940220000025
5. the vehicle-mounted charger control circuit for the electric automobile according to claim 4, wherein the inductance coefficient ratio k is 1/3.
6. The control circuit of the vehicle-mounted charger for the electric automobile according to claim 5, wherein the maximum quality factor that can be obtained when the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module works in an inductive range is as follows:
Figure FDA0002677940220000023
in order to ensure that the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module can work in an inductive region in a full-load range, the quality factor Q of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is lower than Qmax；
Further, Q is (90% to 95%) Qmax。
7. The control circuit of the vehicle-mounted charger for the electric automobile according to claim 5, characterized in that,
the values of the resonance inductance are:
Figure FDA0002677940220000024
the value of the resonance capacitance is:
Figure FDA0002677940220000031
the value of the excitation inductance is:
Figure FDA0002677940220000032
wherein R isacIs an equivalent load resistance value.
8. A control method of a vehicle-mounted charger for an electric vehicle is characterized in that the control circuit of any one of claims 1 to 7 is utilized, and the steps are as follows:
after the battery is connected to a charger, detecting the voltage of the battery to be charged, and judging whether protective charging needs to be carried out for a period of time to activate reaction substances;
various parameters of the battery and the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module are collected in real time, and the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is controlled according to the collected parameters to realize conversion of protection charging, constant-current charging, constant-voltage charging and trickle charging;
further, the output voltage of the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module is collected in real time, a PWM control signal is output to the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module according to the collected output voltage data, and the output voltage of the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module is stabilized by controlling the on and off of a switch tube in the half-bridge LLC resonance conversion module;
furthermore, the resonant current zero crossing point of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module and the voltage zero crossing point of the midpoint voltage of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module are acquired in real time, the detection of the resonant network input impedance of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is realized by comparing the phases of the two zero crossing points, and a PWM control signal is sent to the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module according to the detection result to ensure that the phase of the voltage zero crossing point of the midpoint voltage of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module is ahead of the phase of the resonant current zero crossing point of the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module so as to realize that the half-bridge LLC resonant conversion module.
9. A vehicle-mounted charger for an electric automobile, which is characterized by comprising the control circuit of the vehicle-mounted charger for the electric automobile according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. An electric vehicle, comprising the vehicle-mounted charger control circuit for the electric vehicle of any one of claims 1 to 7;
or, include the on-vehicle machine that charges of electric automobile of claim 9.
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