CN110588092B - 一种包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种抗分层毛面织物复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：(1)以钩针辊在织物表面钩断部分纤维，形成毛面织物；(2)以普通织物、单面毛面织物或双面毛面织物铺层叠放，均匀施压，织物结合形成抗分层铺层织物，其中，铺层顺序为一面普通面与一面毛面相接触地叠放；(3)将步骤2所述铺层织物按需裁切，在模具中以高分子树脂为基体进行浸渍，再合模热压成型，制得所述抗分层毛面织物复合材料。上述制备方法提高了复合材料的层间剥离强度，其经济性、产品质量一致性较好，易标准化操作。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及树脂基复合材料领域，具体涉及一种包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料及制备方法。
背景技术
多层复合材料的易分层的问题，是影响材料综合使用性能的重要指标。当前国内外已有一些针对分层问题的技术措施，如织物缝合技术、三维编织技术、Z-pin销钉植入技术、原位复合技术、X-core技术、纱线层连技术、绗缝技术、纤维针刺毡技术等。
这些技术在工程中发挥了一定的作用，但也存在以下问题：一是生产成本较高，二是生产过程中对纤维的损伤较严重，三是手工参与较多，产品的质量一致性难以控制，四是生产工艺标准化程度低，五是生产周期较长。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提供一种包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料及制备方法。
本发明的目的采用以下技术方案来实现：
一种包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、以钩针辊在织物表面钩断部分纤维，形成毛面织物；
步骤2、以普通织物、单面毛面织物或双面毛面织物铺层叠放，均匀施压，织物结合形成抗分层铺层织物，其中，铺层顺序为一面普通面与一面毛面相接触地叠放；
步骤3、将步骤2所述铺层织物按需裁切，在模具中以高分子树脂为基体进行浸渍，再合模热压成型，制得所述包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料；
优选的，步骤1所述织物的纤维为玻璃纤维或碳纤维或玄武岩纤维或高分子聚合物纤维，组织结构为平纹或斜纹；
优选的，所述毛面织物表面上的绒毛为均匀分布的束状或单丝纤维，平均绒高为0.5-10mm，绒毛与织物表面的夹角为60°-120°，绒毛密度为5-50束/cm2；
优选的，在形成毛面织物后，利用钢梳对所述毛面织物进行表面梳理，再在毛面喷洒稀释的树脂胶液，然后再进行铺层；
优选的，所述钩针辊上钩针的横向行距为0.3-5mm，纵向列距0.5-5mm，相邻钩针的横向行距大于等于3倍单束纤维宽度，所述钩针的钩断宽度小于等于单束纤维的宽度；
优选的，所述铺层顺序为，自下而上地，第一层为普通织物，第二层为双面毛面织物，中间第三至第N-1层为单面毛面织物，或者第一层至第N-1层为单面毛面织物，毛面向上，第N层为普通织物；
优选的，所述高分子树脂为环氧树脂或聚酯树脂或乙烯基树脂或聚丁二烯或酚醛树脂或呋喃树脂或双马来酰亚胺或氰酸酯树脂或聚酰亚胺或聚苯硫醚或聚脲或聚醚醚酮；
优选的，步骤3所述浸渍的温度为60-130℃，浸渍时间为10-60min，所述热压成型的温度为100-420℃，压力为0.1-4MPa，保压时间15-120min。
本发明的有益效果为：
(1)本申请通过钩针在织物表面钩拉处理，使钩针与织物接触时勾住与运动方向垂直的横向纤维，在钩针辊的作用力下使钩针钩断部分横向纤维，形成毛面织物，使得在织物铺层贴合时，刚性绒毛嵌入普通增强织物纤维间隙中，形成相邻层面间的紧密结合，形成抗分层整体结构，实现抗分层增强效果，与没有采用本申请抗分层技术的多层复合材料相比，本发明所述方法制备的复合材料，其层间剥离强度可提高20％以上。
(2)本申请提供了一种提升复合材料的层间性能的新方法，具有经济、工艺简单、易于标准化操作和重复性较好的特点。
附图说明
利用附图对本发明作进一步说明，但附图中的实施例不构成对本发明的任何限制，对于本领域的普通技术人员，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据以下附图获得其它的附图。
图1是本申请实施例3的复合材料结构示意图。
附图标记：1-下表面层；2-中间层；3-下表面层。
具体实施方式
结合以下实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
本申请的实施例涉及一种包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、以钩针辊在织物表面钩断部分纤维，形成毛面织物；
步骤2、以普通织物、单面毛面织物或双面毛面织物铺层叠放，均匀施压，织物结合形成抗分层铺层织物，其中，铺层顺序为一面普通面与一面毛面相接触地叠放；
步骤3、将步骤2所述铺层织物按需裁切，在模具中以高分子树脂为基体进行浸渍，再合模热压成型，制得所述包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料；
通过钩针辊在织物表面作相对运动，使钩针与织物接触时勾住与运动方向垂直的横向纤维，在钩针辊的作用力下使钩针钩断部分横向纤维，使毛面分布有刚性绒毛，在普通织物与次层毛面织物作贴合时，使许多刚性绒毛嵌入普通织物纤维间隙中，形成相邻层面间的紧密结合；
优选的，步骤1所述织物的纤维为玻璃纤维或碳纤维或玄武岩纤维或高分子聚合物纤维，组织结构为平纹或斜纹；
优选的，所述毛面织物表面上的绒毛为均匀分布的束状或单丝纤维，平均绒高为0.5-10mm，绒毛与织物表面的夹角为60°-120°，绒毛密度为5-50束/cm2；
优选的，在形成毛面织物后，利用钢梳对所述毛面织物进行表面梳理，再在毛面喷洒稀释的树脂胶液，然后再进行铺层；
为使绒毛在铺层时更紧密地结合，还可以对毛面进行表面处理，钢梳梳理可以使绒毛尽量保持直立状态，便于铺层时织物间形成紧密粘合，喷洒的树脂胶液在干后可使绒毛保持一定的刚性，有利于铺层时织物间的紧密粘合；
优选的，所述钩针辊上钩针的横向行距为0.3-5mm，纵向列距0.5-5mm，相邻钩针的横向行距大于等于3倍单束纤维宽度，所述钩针的钩断宽度小于等于单束纤维的宽度；
钩针密度＝横向行距×纵向列距，钩针密度可以根据织物具体的组织结构进行调整；
优选的，所述铺层顺序为，自下而上地，第一层为普通织物，第二层为双面毛面织物，中间第三至第N-1层为单面毛面织物，或者第一层至第N-1层为单面毛面织物，毛面向上，第N层为普通织物；
优选的，所述高分子树脂为环氧树脂或聚酯树脂或乙烯基树脂或聚丁二烯或酚醛树脂或呋喃树脂或双马来酰亚胺或氰酸酯树脂或聚酰亚胺或聚苯硫醚或聚脲或聚醚醚酮；
优选的，步骤3所述浸渍的温度为60-130℃，浸渍时间为10-60min，所述热压成型的温度为100-420℃，压力为0.1-4MPa，保压时间15-120min。
实施例1
一种包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、通过钩针辊在玻璃纤维平纹织物表面作相对运动，使钩针与织物接触时勾住与运动方向垂直的横向纤维，在钩针辊的作用力下使钩针钩断部分横向纤维，形成双面毛面玻纤织物；
步骤2、铺层顺序设计：从下层到上层进行铺放，第一层为普通玻纤平纹织物，为下表面层，第二层为双面毛面玻纤织物，为中间层，第三层为普通玻纤斜纹织物，为上表面层，共三层，在上表面织物上均匀施加一定的垂直压力，使三层织物间紧密结合，且每层织物按设计角度铺放，形成三层抗分层结构；
步骤3、采用环氧树脂为基体材料，将多层织物按所需尺寸裁切好后放入模具，然后对多层织物进行树脂浸渍，浸渍温度80℃，浸渍时间20min，合模热压成型，热压温度150℃，压力1-1.5MPa，保压时间30min，制得三层抗分复合材料。
实施例2
一种包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、通过钩针辊在碳纤维斜纹织物表面作相对运动，使钩针与织物接触时勾住与运动方向垂直的横向纤维，在钩针辊的作用力下使钩针钩断部分横向纤维，形成单面与双面毛面碳纤织物；
步骤2、铺层顺序设计：从下层到上层进行铺放，第一层为普通碳纤斜纹织物，为下表面层，第二层为双面毛面碳纤织物，为下表面次层，第三至四层为单面毛面碳纤斜纹织物，毛面向上，为中间层，第五层为普通碳纤斜纹织物，为上表面层，共五层，在上表面织物上均匀施加一定的垂直压力，使五层织物间紧密结合，且每层织物按设计角度铺放，形成五层抗分层结构；
步骤3、采用聚酯树脂为基体材料，将多层织物按所需尺寸裁切好后放入模具，然后对多层织物进行树脂浸渍，浸渍温度75-80℃，浸渍时间25-35min，合模热压成型，热压温度135℃，压力1.5-1.8MPa，保压时间35-45min，制得五层抗分复合材料。
实施例3
一种包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、通过钩针辊在碳纤维平纹织物表面作相对运动，使钩针与织物接触时勾住与运动方向垂直的横向纤维，在钩针辊的作用力下使钩针钩断部分横向纤维，形成单面毛面玻纤织物；
步骤2、铺层顺序设计：从下层到上层进行铺放，第一层为单面毛面碳纤平纹织物，为下表面层，第二至五层为单面毛面碳纤织物，为中间层，第六层为普通碳纤织物，为上表面层，共六层，在上表面织物上均匀施加一定的垂直压力，使六层织物间紧密结合，且每层织物按设计角度铺放，形成六层抗分层结构；
步骤3、采用环氧树脂为基体材料，将多层织物按所需尺寸裁切好后放入模具，然后对多层织物进行树脂浸渍，浸渍温度70-80℃，浸渍时间30min，合模热压成型，热压温度150℃，压力1.5-1.7MPa，保压时间35min，制得六层抗分复合材料。
最后应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对本发明保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细地说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、以钩针辊在织物表面钩断部分纤维，形成毛面织物后，利用钢梳对所述毛面织物进行表面梳理，再在毛面喷洒稀释的树脂胶液；
步骤2、以普通织物、单面毛面织物或双面毛面织物铺层叠放，均匀施压，织物结合形成抗分层铺层织物，其中，铺层顺序为一面普通面与一面毛面相接触地叠放；
步骤3、将步骤2所述铺层织物按需裁切，在模具中以高分子树脂为基体进行浸渍，再合模热压成型，制得所述包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1所述织物的纤维为玻璃纤维或碳纤维或玄武岩纤维或高分子聚合物纤维，组织结构为平纹或斜纹。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述毛面织物表面上的绒毛为均匀分布的束状或单丝纤维，平均绒高为0.5-10mm，绒毛与织物表面的夹角为60°-120°，绒毛密度为5-50束/cm2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述钩针辊上钩针的横向行距为0.3-5mm，纵向列距0.5-5mm，相邻钩针的横向行距大于等于3倍单束纤维宽度；所述钩针的钩断宽度小于等于单束纤维的宽度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述铺层顺序为，自下而上地，第一层为普通织物，第二层为双面毛面织物，中间第三至第N-1层为单面毛面织物，或者第一层至第N-1层为单面毛面织物，毛面向上，第N层为普通织物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述高分子树脂为环氧树脂或聚酯树脂或乙烯基树脂或聚丁二烯或酚醛树脂或呋喃树脂或双马来酰亚胺或氰酸酯树脂或聚酰亚胺或聚苯硫醚或聚脲或聚醚醚酮。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤3所述浸渍的温度为60-130℃，浸渍时间为10-60min；所述热压成型的温度为100-420℃，压力为0.1-4MPa，保压时间15-120min。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一所述的一种包括抗分层毛面织物的复合材料的制备方法制备的抗分层复合材料。
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