CN110588013B - Composite forming method of multifunctional integrated composite material - Google Patents

Composite forming method of multifunctional integrated composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110588013B
CN110588013B CN201910814642.8A CN201910814642A CN110588013B CN 110588013 B CN110588013 B CN 110588013B CN 201910814642 A CN201910814642 A CN 201910814642A CN 110588013 B CN110588013 B CN 110588013B
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functional
area
functional area
transition
composite material
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CN110588013A (en
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单忠德
吴晓川
刘丰
杜悟迪
陈哲
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China Academy Of Machinery Science And Technology Group Co ltd
Beijing Jike Guochuang Lightweight Science Research Institute Co Ltd
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China Academy Of Machinery Science And Technology Group Co ltd
Beijing Jike Guochuang Lightweight Science Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/171Processes of additive manufacturing specially adapted for manufacturing multiple 3D objects
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/12Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat
    • B29C70/14Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat oriented
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/22Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure
    • B29C70/228Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure the structure being stacked in parallel layers with fibres of adjacent layers crossing at substantial angles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/34Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
    • B29C70/345Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using matched moulds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite forming method of a multifunctional integrated composite material, which is characterized in that a plurality of functional areas and corresponding transition areas are obtained by partitioning according to different functional requirements of parts, the transition areas are manufactured by adopting a 3D printing or flexible guide three-dimensional weaving forming process according to the shape requirements of the functional areas, the transition areas with guide template information of adjacent functional areas on two sides are obtained, Z-direction reinforcement arrays of the adjacent functional areas are respectively formed on two sides of the transition areas, the weaving forming of all the functional areas is completed, a multifunctional integrated composite material preform is obtained, and a single matrix material or a plurality of matrix materials are synchronously dipped and cured, so that the composite forming of the multifunctional integrated composite material is realized. The composite forming method provided by the invention adopts the reinforcements and the matrix materials with different quantities and types and the suitable forming process to carry out synchronous weaving forming aiming at different functional areas, meanwhile, the preformed transition area can isolate the two functional areas at the two sides, so that the simultaneous impregnation of various matrix materials can be met, and the respective forming quality, functionality and performance characteristics of the different functional areas are effectively ensured on the basis of realizing the integral forming of the multifunctional integrated composite material.

Description

Composite forming method of multifunctional integrated composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of composite materials, in particular to a composite forming method of a multifunctional integrated composite material.
Background
The composite material is composed of one or more reinforcements and a matrix, different composite materials can be obtained according to different types of reinforcements and matrixes, different composite materials can be obtained for the same type of reinforcements and matrix materials due to the change of the composition mode, and particularly for the three-dimensional structure composite material, different composite materials can be obtained due to the difference of materials, structures and forming modes, so that different performance characteristics are shown. Therefore, the composite material has the characteristics of light weight, such as high specific strength and specific rigidity, and the composite material has strong designability and is also a great advantage as a new-generation advanced structural material.
At present, the demand of industries such as aerospace, transportation, bio-medical treatment and the like on high-performance composite materials is increasing, and the application of composite material members is developed from decorating parts and covering parts to main bearing parts and functional structural parts, so that the composite material members are required to have high-performance characteristics and meet high-quality forming requirements such as multi-functionalization, few/no connection, integral forming and the like. At present, for a composite material component with a large structure, high performance and multiple functions, a plurality of areas are mainly manufactured in batches and then are connected into an integral component, and the integral forming of the multifunctional composite material component is not realized.
The invention provides a composite forming method of a multifunctional integrated composite material, which combines an additive manufacturing technology with a flexible guide three-dimensional weaving forming process, selects corresponding reinforcement materials and prefabricated body structures aiming at different functional areas of a composite material member, respectively weaves and forms the functional areas at two sides by using a transition area as a guide array template shared by the functional areas at two sides, and simultaneously impregnates different base materials at two sides through the transition area, thereby completing the integrated forming of the composite material of the multifunctional area, reducing subsequent connection procedures and improving the integrity of the composite material member.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the integrated forming requirements of large-sized structural, high-performance and multifunctional composite material components, the invention aims to provide a composite forming method of a multifunctional integrated composite material, which utilizes a transition zone to realize the composite weaving and synchronous dipping forming of a multifunctional zone preform so as to solve the integral forming problem of large-sized, complex structural and high-performance composite material components.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a composite forming method of a multifunctional integrated composite material is provided, which comprises the following specific steps:
establishing a three-dimensional CAD model of a multifunctional integrated composite material part, and partitioning the three-dimensional CAD model according to different functional requirements of the part to obtain a functional area 1, a functional area 2, a functional area 3 … …, a functional area n, a transition area 1, a transition area 2, a transition area 3 … … and a transition area n-1;
acquiring the cross section shape, the cross section size and the array center distance information of a guide structure in a guide template of the functional area 1 according to the shape requirement of the functional area 1;
thirdly, acquiring the information of the cross section shape, the cross section size and the array center distance of the guide structure in the guide template of the functional area 2 according to the shape requirement of the functional area 2;
establishing a three-dimensional CAD model of a transition area 1 between the functional area 1 and the functional area 2 according to the guide template information of the functional area 1 and the functional area 2;
manufacturing the transition area 1 by adopting a 3D printing or flexible guide three-dimensional weaving forming process according to the three-dimensional CAD model of the transition area 1 to obtain the transition area 1 with the guide template information of the functional area 1 on one side and the guide template information of the functional area 2 on the other side;
selecting Z-direction reinforcements with specified sizes and specifications respectively according to the guide template information of the functional area 1 and the functional area 2 on the two sides of the transition area 1, and forming a Z-direction reinforcement array of the functional area 1 and a Z-direction reinforcement array of the functional area 2 on the two sides of the transition area 1 respectively;
seventhly, layering the three-dimensional CAD model of the functional area 1 to obtain layer information, planning the fiber weaving path of each layer, layering the three-dimensional CAD model of the functional area 2 to obtain layer information, and planning the fiber weaving path of each layer;
taking a Z-direction reinforcement array of a functional area 1 and a Z-direction reinforcement array of a functional area 2 as frames respectively, and finishing weaving and forming of the functional area 1 and the functional area 2 simultaneously;
ninthly, repeating the steps of (c), (d), (c) and (c) until all the functional areas and the transition area are woven and formed, and obtaining the prefabricated body of the part;
and (c) impregnating and curing the finished part prefabricated body with multiple matrixes or single matrix material according to the performance requirement of the part, so as to finish the integrated composite forming of the multifunctional composite material.
According to the performance requirements of different functional areas of the part, selecting base materials corresponding to the different functional areas, and carrying out impregnation and curing on the different functional areas corresponding to the base, wherein the impregnation and curing of the different functional areas are carried out simultaneously.
Further, the fiber structure inside the functional zone and the transition zone is a uniform structure or a gradient structure, the reinforcing fiber can be one or more of continuous fiber, long fiber or short fiber, and the matrix is one or more of thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin, carbon and silicon carbide.
Furthermore, the different functional zones can be woven by the same or different types and numbers of the woven fibers, and the forming processes adopted by the different functional zones and the transition zone are the same or different.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. aiming at multifunctional integrated composite materials, particularly composite material components with large complex structures, high performance and high precision, the forming method of integrally splicing different parts in batches is adopted in the past, and the technical scheme of the invention can realize the integral forming of the multifunctional integrated composite materials, avoid the repeated connection of different parts of the composite materials and further ensure the integrity and comprehensive performance of the composite materials.
2. By utilizing the characteristic of strong designability of the composite material, the invention adopts the additive manufacturing technology and the flexible guide three-dimensional weaving forming process to be combined, selects the reinforcement body material, the matrix material and the forming process aiming at different functions of the multifunctional integrated composite material, carries out the synchronous execution of different forming processes, realizes the composite forming of components, effectively shortens the manufacturing period, adopts the specified quantity and types of reinforcement bodies and matrix materials for different functional areas, adopts the proper forming process, effectively ensures the respective forming quality and manufacturing performance of the different functional areas, realizes the shape control manufacturing of the multifunctional integrated composite material, and obtains a composite material product with higher performance and higher precision.
3. The preformed transition zone in the technical scheme of the invention can be used as a guide template of the functional zones at two sides on one hand, and is beneficial to synchronous weaving of different functional zones; on the other hand, the method is suitable for synchronous dip forming of a plurality of base materials. When the base materials selected by the adjacent functional areas are different, the two functional areas on the two sides can be isolated by the transition area in the synchronous impregnation process, so that the simultaneous impregnation of the two base materials is realized, the composite forming of the multifunctional integrated composite material is facilitated, and the functional and performance characteristics of each functional area are maintained.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a pre-formed transition zone;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the multi-functional zone synchronous weaving forming with the transition zone as a guide template;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a multi-functional zone simultaneous dip forming process;
FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic view of a multifunctional unitary composite curved member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a complex structured multifunctional integral composite member according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 4, the composite forming method of the multifunctional integrated composite material according to the present invention includes the following steps:
firstly, adopting CAD and other software to establish a three-dimensional CAD model of the curved surface component, and dividing the three-dimensional CAD model into a functional area 1, a functional area 2 and a transition area;
the functional area 1 is a basic frame and a main body part of the component, and a flexible guide three-dimensional weaving forming process is selected for forming;
functional area 2 is mainly several reinforcing ribs on the outer layer of the component, and continuous fiber 3D printing technology is selected;
establishing a three-dimensional CAD model of a transition area 1 between the functional area 1 and the functional area 2 according to the performance requirements of the functional area 1 and the functional area 2;
manufacturing a prefabricated body of the transition region 1 by adopting a flexible guide three-dimensional weaving forming process, wherein the fiber structure of the prefabricated body of the transition region 1 is of a gradient structure, the fiber structure close to the functional region 1 is denser, the fiber structure close to the functional region 2 is sparser, and the prefabricated body of the woven transition region 1 is impregnated with an epoxy resin matrix to obtain the preformed transition region 1;
sixthly, flexibly guiding and three-dimensionally weaving and forming by adopting glass fiber at one side of the transition region 1, and printing continuous glass fiber/PC composite material at the other side by adopting a 3D printing technology, wherein the printing path is a track of strengthening ribs in a three-dimensional CAD model;
seventhly, after the functional area 1 completes three-dimensional weaving forming and the functional area 2 completes printing forming, the functional area 1 is impregnated and cured by epoxy resin, and the compound forming of the curved surface component is completed initially.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 5, the multifunctional integrated composite material member with a complex structure is schematically illustrated, and the weaving and forming steps of the composite forming method of the multifunctional integrated composite material of the invention are as follows:
firstly, establishing a three-dimensional CAD model of the complex structure composite material component, and partitioning the three-dimensional CAD model to obtain a functional area 1, a functional area 2, a functional area 3, a transition area 1 and a transition area 2;
manufacturing a transition region 1 and a transition region 2 of the short fiber reinforced composite material by adopting a 3D printing technology, wherein the density of short fibers in the transition region 1 is in gradient distribution along the radial direction, and the short fibers in the transition region 2 are uniformly dispersed and distributed;
arranging guide arrays of the functional area 1 and the functional area 2 through guide template information reserved on two sides of the transition area 1;
fourthly, arranging the guide arrays of the functional area 3 through the guide template information reserved on the two sides of the transition area 2;
connecting the transition area 1 and the transition area 2 through a guide array of the functional area 2 to form an integral structure with 3 functional areas and 2 transition areas;
sixthly, winding and weaving the glass fiber by adopting a flexible guide three-dimensional weaving and forming process according to the shape requirement of the functional area 1;
seventhly, according to the shape requirement of the functional area 2, laying and weaving the carbon fibers by adopting a flexible guide three-dimensional weaving and forming process;
according to the shape requirement of the functional area 3, a flexible guide three-dimensional weaving forming process is selected for winding and weaving the carbon fibers;
the weaving forming of the ninthly 3 functional areas is carried out simultaneously, and finally the weaving forming of the multifunctional integrated composite material prefabricated body with the complex structure is completed;
and (3) placing the finished prefabricated body into a rigid mold for impregnation and curing, respectively impregnating thermoplastic toughening epoxy resin, epoxy resin and phenolic resin in the 3 functional regions, wherein the transition region 1 and the transition region 2 are tightly attached to the rigid mold, realizing simultaneous impregnation of 3 matrix materials, and finally finishing the integrated composite forming of the multifunctional composite material.
The above embodiments are further illustrative of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention to only the above embodiments. All the technologies realized based on the above contents belong to the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A composite forming method of a multifunctional integrated composite material is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
establishing a three-dimensional CAD model of a multifunctional integrated composite material part, and partitioning the three-dimensional CAD model according to different functional requirements of the part to obtain a functional area 1, a functional area 2, a functional area 3 … …, a functional area n, a transition area 1, a transition area 2, a transition area 3 … … and a transition area n-1;
acquiring the cross section shape, the cross section size and the array center distance information of a guide structure in a guide template of the functional area 1 according to the shape requirement of the functional area 1;
thirdly, acquiring the information of the cross section shape, the cross section size and the array center distance of a guide structure in a guide template of the functional area 2 according to the shape requirement of the functional area 2;
establishing a three-dimensional CAD model of a transition area 1 between the functional area 1 and the functional area 2 according to the guide template information of the functional area 1 and the functional area 2;
manufacturing the transition area 1 by adopting a 3D printing or flexible guide three-dimensional weaving forming process according to the three-dimensional CAD model of the transition area 1 to obtain the transition area 1 with guide template information of a functional area 1 on one side and guide template information of a functional area 2 on the other side;
sixthly, respectively selecting Z-direction reinforcements with specified sizes and specifications according to the guide template information of the functional area 1 and the functional area 2 on the two sides of the transition area 1, and respectively forming a Z-direction reinforcement array of the functional area 1 and a Z-direction reinforcement array of the functional area 2 on the two sides of the transition area 1;
seventhly, layering the three-dimensional CAD model of the functional area 1 to obtain layer information, planning the fiber weaving path of each layer, layering the three-dimensional CAD model of the functional area 2 to obtain layer information, and planning the fiber weaving path of each layer;
taking the Z-direction reinforcement array of the functional area 1 and the Z-direction reinforcement array of the functional area 2 as frames respectively, and finishing the weaving and forming of the functional area 1 and the functional area 2 at the same time;
ninthly, repeating the steps of (c), (d), (c) and (c) until all the functional areas and the transition area are woven and formed, and obtaining the prefabricated body of the part;
impregnating and curing the finished part prefabricated body with multiple matrixes or a single matrix material according to the performance requirement of the part to finish the integrated composite forming of the multifunctional integrated composite material;
the dipping and curing of the various matrixes are carried out simultaneously by selecting the matrix materials corresponding to different functional areas according to the performance requirements of the different functional areas of the part and carrying out the dipping and curing of the matrixes corresponding to the different functional areas.
2. The composite forming method of multifunctional integrated composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal fiber structure of the functional zone and the transition zone is a uniform structure or a gradient structure.
3. The composite forming method of multifunctional integrated composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reinforcing fibers of the functional zone and the transition zone are one or more of continuous fibers, long fibers or short fibers.
4. The composite forming method of multifunctional integrated composite material according to claim 1, wherein the matrix of the functional region and the transition region is one or more of thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin, carbon, silicon carbide.
5. The composite forming method of multifunctional integrated composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the kinds and the number of the woven fibers are the same or different for the weaving formation of different functional regions.
6. The composite forming method of the multifunctional integrated composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weaving forming of all the functional regions and the transition regions is the same or different in forming process.
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