Low-pressure casting die for ultra-long aluminum alloy beam and casting method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy casting, in particular to a low-pressure casting die for an ultra-long aluminum alloy beam and a casting method thereof.
Background
With the increasing requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction and new and old kinetic energy conversion, the aluminum alloy has wide application in the field of industrial product manufacturing due to a series of advantages of light weight, high specific strength, oxidation and corrosion resistance and the like. The aluminum alloy beam is a mechanical equipment rail bearing part and is also a core part, the traditional beam is made of cast iron and is easy to corrode, particularly has heavy weight, high energy consumption in the product operation process is caused to a great extent, and the production process is the traditional wood pattern sand casting process and the gravity casting process, so that the production efficiency is low, the product surface quality is poor, the qualification rate is low, and the cost is high.
Because the length of the beam product is relatively long, and the common product is more than 2 meters, the product is easy to deform in the production process, particularly in the production process of using the traditional wood pattern sand casting and gravity casting technology, the product manufacturing difficulty is high, the rejection rate is high, the waste to a great extent is caused, and the existing stripping device of the low-pressure casting die has the defects of difficult stripping, incapability of adjusting according to dies with different sizes and wide application range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-pressure casting die for an ultra-long aluminum alloy beam and a casting method thereof, wherein the low-pressure casting die has the advantages of high product yield, production efficiency improvement and good product quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a low-pressure casting die for an ultra-long aluminum alloy beam comprises a die body, wherein the die body comprises a top die, a bottom die and two side dies, a sand core is arranged in the bottom die and is subjected to spraying and baking treatment, a steel pipe is arranged in the sand core and penetrates through the surfaces of the two ends of the sand core, through holes are formed in the two ends of the steel pipe, which are positioned outside the sand core, pull rods are inserted into the through holes, threaded holes are formed in the surfaces of the pull rods, which are positioned below the steel pipe, screws are installed in the threaded holes, the upper ends of the pull rods penetrate through the upper surface of the top die, pouring ports are formed in the two ends of the bottom surface of the bottom die, die supports are arranged on the two outer sides of the die body and comprise a balance weight bottom plate and a vertical plate, the vertical plate is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the balance weight bottom plate, a lifting mechanism is installed on the upper end of the inner side surface of the vertical plate, and the upper ends of the pull rods are connected with the lifting mechanism, elevating system includes backup pad, pneumatic cylinder and clamp sleeve, backup pad fixed mounting is in riser inboard surface upper end, pneumatic cylinder fixed mounting is in backup pad upper surface, and the piston rod activity of pneumatic cylinder runs through the backup pad lower surface, the clamp sleeve is located the piston rod lower extreme, and the clamp sleeve comprises two semicircle cardboard activity hinges, and the protrusion ring rib has all been seted up to clamp sleeve inboard surface upper and lower extreme, piston rod lower extreme surface and pull rod upper end surface all are seted up and have been had the annular groove, the clamp sleeve passes through protrusion ring rib and the ring groove block that corresponds the position and is connected the pull rod with the piston rod, and two semicircle cardboards of clamp sleeve pass through bolt fixed connection.
Preferably, the inner side surface of the side die is provided with a limiting opening corresponding to the position of the steel pipe, and the cross-sectional dimension of the limiting opening corresponds to the cross-sectional dimension of the steel pipe.
Preferably, the bottom surface of the counterweight bottom plate is provided with a roller.
Preferably, the top die, the bottom die and the side die are all steel structures.
The casting method of the low-pressure casting die for the ultra-long aluminum alloy beam comprises the following steps of:
firstly, when a mould is closed, closing two side moulds at two ends of a bottom mould, clamping a sand core through a limiting opening, and closing a top mould;
connecting a mold support, and fixedly connecting a pull rod with a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder through a clamp sleeve;
step three, casting, namely connecting a pouring port with a liquid outlet of aluminum alloy liquid outlet equipment, slowly increasing the pressure, enabling aluminum liquid to enter a cavity of a mold body through the pouring port, slowly increasing the pressure to enable the aluminum liquid to slowly fill the cavity through an internal pouring channel, then quickly increasing the pressure, and releasing the pressure after pressure maintaining and cooling for a period of time;
and step four, opening the die, starting the hydraulic cylinder, retracting the piston rod through the hydraulic cylinder to lift the top die to a proper height, opening the side die, continuously lifting the top die, and taking out the casting.
Preferably, the time for slowly increasing the pressure in the third step is 15-20s, the pressure is increased to 0.04-0.05MPa, the time for rapidly increasing the pressure is 3-5s, the pressure is increased to 0.06-0.07 MPa, and the pressure is maintained and cooled for 500s at 300-.
Preferably, the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the third step is controlled to be 720-730 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
according to the low-pressure casting die and the casting method thereof for the ultra-long aluminum alloy beam, the steel pipe is added into the sand core, and the sand core is sprayed and baked, so that the deformation problem in the manufacturing process and the heat treatment process of a product can be well solved, the problems of poor surface quality, low production efficiency, high product rejection rate and the like of the product are effectively solved, after the casting is cooled, the sand core can be shattered by shaking the steel pipe, the casting is convenient to take out, the die support is convenient to move, the die support is suitable for performing die lifting work on dies with different sizes, the die lifting efficiency is improved, the die support and the die are convenient to disassemble and install, and the application range is wide;
compared with the traditional wood pattern founding process and gravity casting process, the invention effectively reduces the use of resin high-pollution products, reduces the weight and the processing allowance of the products, and has stronger energy-saving, consumption-reducing and environmental-protection benefits.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a low-pressure casting mold for an ultra-long aluminum alloy beam according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the die body of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the die body of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at a in fig. 3.
In the figure: 100 mould bodies, 110 top moulds, 120 bottom moulds, 121 pouring gates, 130 side moulds, 131 limiting ports, 140 sand cores, 141 steel pipes, 142 pull rods, 143 screws, 144 through holes, 200 mould supports, 210 counterweight bottom plates, 220 rollers, 230 risers, 240 supporting plates, 250 hydraulic cylinders, 260 piston rods, 261 ring grooves, 270 clamping sleeve and 271 protruding ring ribs.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the present invention will be more clearly and clearly defined.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the invention provides a low-pressure casting mold for an ultra-long aluminum alloy beam, which comprises a mold body 100, wherein the mold body 100 is composed of a top mold 110, a bottom mold 120 and two side molds 130, a sand core 140 is arranged in the bottom mold 120, the sand core 140 is subjected to spraying and baking treatment, a spraying material is a graphite water-based coating, and baking treatment is performed after spraying, so that the problems of deformation and gas generation in the manufacturing process of a product can be well solved, the sand core 140 is of a resin sand structure, a steel pipe 141 is arranged in the sand core 140, the steel pipe 141 penetrates through the surfaces of the two ends of the sand core 140, through holes 144 are formed in the two ends of the steel pipe 141, a pull rod 142 is inserted into the through holes 144, threaded holes are formed in the surface of the pull rod 142 below the steel pipe 141, screws 143 are arranged in the threaded holes, the upper ends of the pull rod 142 penetrate through the upper surface of the top mold 11, and pouring ports 121 are formed in the two ends of the bottom surface of the bottom mold 120, the two outer sides of the die body 100 are provided with die supports 200, each die support 200 comprises a counterweight bottom plate 210 and a vertical plate 230, each vertical plate 230 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the counterweight bottom plate 210, the upper ends of the inner side surfaces of the vertical plates 230 are provided with lifting mechanisms, and the upper ends of the pull rods 142 are connected with the lifting mechanisms.
In this embodiment, elevating system includes backup pad 240, pneumatic cylinder 250 and clamp sleeve 270, backup pad 240 fixed mounting is in riser 230 inboard surface upper end, pneumatic cylinder 250 fixed mounting is in backup pad 240 upper surface, the piston rod 260 activity of pneumatic cylinder 250 runs through backup pad 240 lower surface, clamp sleeve 270 is located the piston rod 260 lower extreme, clamp sleeve 270 comprises two semicircle cardboard activity hinge joints, protruding annular rib 271 has all been seted up to clamp sleeve 270 inboard surface upper and lower extreme, piston rod 260 lower extreme surface and pull rod 142 upper end surface all are seted up annular groove 261, clamp sleeve 270 passes through protruding annular rib 271 and the ring groove 261 block that corresponds the position and is connected pull rod 142 with piston rod 260, two semicircle cardboards of clamp sleeve 20 pass through bolt fixed connection, this connected mode dismantles simply.
In this embodiment, the inner surface of the side mold 130 is provided with a limiting opening 131 corresponding to the steel tube 141, the cross-sectional dimension of the limiting opening 131 corresponds to the cross-sectional dimension of the steel tube 141, and the limiting opening 131 can fix the steel tube 141 in the mold body 100.
In this embodiment, the roller 220 is installed on the bottom surface of the counterweight bottom plate 210, so as to facilitate moving the mold holder 200.
In this embodiment, the top mold 110, the bottom mold 120, and the side mold 130 are all made of steel.
According to the casting method of the ultra-long aluminum alloy beam low-pressure casting die,
the first embodiment comprises the following steps: firstly, when the die is closed, the two side dies 130 are closed at two ends of the bottom die 120, the sand core 140 is clamped through the limiting port 131, and then the top die 110 is closed;
step two, connecting a mold bracket, and fixedly connecting the pull rod 142 with a piston rod 260 of the hydraulic cylinder 250 through a clamp sleeve 270;
step three, casting, namely connecting the pouring port 121 with a liquid outlet of aluminum alloy liquid outlet equipment, slowly increasing the pressure, allowing aluminum liquid to enter a cavity of the mold body 100 through the pouring port 121, slowly increasing the pressure to enable the aluminum liquid to slowly fill the cavity through an internal pouring channel, then quickly increasing the pressure, and releasing the pressure after pressure maintaining and cooling for a period of time;
and step four, opening the die, starting the hydraulic cylinder 250, retracting the piston rod 260 through the hydraulic cylinder 250 to lift the top die 110 to a proper height, opening the side die 130, continuously lifting the top die 110, and taking out the casting.
In the third step, the pressure is slowly raised for 20s, raised to 0.05MPa, rapidly raised for 5s, raised to 0.07 MPa, and maintained and cooled for 500 s.
The temperature of the aluminum liquid in the third step is controlled at 730 ℃.
The second embodiment comprises the following steps: firstly, when the die is closed, the two side dies 130 are closed at two ends of the bottom die 120, the sand core 140 is clamped through the limiting port 131, and then the top die 110 is closed;
step two, connecting a mold bracket, and fixedly connecting the pull rod 142 with a piston rod 260 of the hydraulic cylinder 250 through a clamp sleeve 270;
step three, casting, namely connecting the pouring port 121 with a liquid outlet of aluminum alloy liquid outlet equipment, slowly increasing the pressure, allowing aluminum liquid to enter a cavity of the mold body 100 through the pouring port 121, slowly increasing the pressure to enable the aluminum liquid to slowly fill the cavity through an internal pouring channel, then quickly increasing the pressure, and releasing the pressure after pressure maintaining and cooling for a period of time;
and step four, opening the mould, starting the hydraulic cylinder 250, contracting the piston rod 260 through the hydraulic cylinder 250 to lift the top mould 110 to a proper height, opening the side mould 130, continuously lifting the top mould 110 to take out the casting, vibrating the steel pipe 141 through a vibrator in the later period, and breaking the sand core 140 by vibration to conveniently take out the casting.
In the third step, the pressure is slowly increased for 15, the pressure is increased to 0.04, the pressure is rapidly increased for 3, the pressure is increased to 0.06, and the pressure is maintained and cooled for 300.
The temperature of the aluminum liquid in the third step is controlled to be 720 ℃.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, various changes or modifications may be made by the patentees within the scope of the appended claims, and within the scope of the invention, as long as they do not exceed the scope of the invention described in the claims.