CN110581003A - Transformer and inductance magnetism integrated configuration - Google Patents

Transformer and inductance magnetism integrated configuration Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110581003A
CN110581003A CN201910884148.9A CN201910884148A CN110581003A CN 110581003 A CN110581003 A CN 110581003A CN 201910884148 A CN201910884148 A CN 201910884148A CN 110581003 A CN110581003 A CN 110581003A
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China
Prior art keywords
magnetic
winding
transformer
primary
columns
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Pending
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CN201910884148.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
吴红飞
汤欣喜
花文敏
刘越
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Priority to CN201910884148.9A priority Critical patent/CN110581003A/en
Publication of CN110581003A publication Critical patent/CN110581003A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/30—Fastening or clamping coils, windings, or parts thereof together; Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing, or other support
    • H01F27/306—Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing or other support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F37/00—Fixed inductances not covered by group H01F17/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0064—Magnetic structures combining different functions, e.g. storage, filtering or transformation

Abstract

The invention discloses a transformer and inductor magnetic integration structure, and belongs to the technical field of power electronics. The transformer inductance-magnetism integrated structure is composed of a magnetic core at least comprising 4 magnetic columns, a primary winding and a secondary winding; the transformer and the two inductors can be integrated in one magnetic core, the flexible configuration of a winding structure can be realized, any transformer turn ratio and any excitation inductance and leakage inductance ratio can be realized, the loss of the magnetic core can be reduced, the efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the integrated structure greatly reduces the volume and the weight of the power magnetic part and is beneficial to improving the power density of the converter. The invention is especially suitable for various application occasions of using transformers and inductors to carry out high-frequency, high-efficiency and high-power density power conversion, such as a bidirectional CLLC resonant converter.

Description

Transformer and inductance magnetism integrated configuration
Technical Field
The invention relates to a transformer and inductor magnetic integrated structure, and belongs to the technical field of power electronics.
Background
With the development of modern power electronic technology and the emergence of high-frequency switching devices such as SiC and GaN, high-frequency, integrated and modularized switching power supplies have become the development trend of switching power supplies. The fact shows that the switching frequency is improved, the equipment volume can be reduced, the power density and the reliability are improved, and the switching noise is reduced. The resonant converter is favored by the industry due to its excellent characteristics of soft switching, high efficiency, high power density, etc., and is widely applied to occasions such as a server power supply, a new energy electric vehicle charging pile, etc. The CLLC resonant converter can realize bidirectional power transmission due to the structural symmetry, can realize soft switching in a full load range, and is widely applied to the fields of battery charging and discharging, car networking (V2G) and the like. However, since the CLLC converter has a resonant inductor on both the primary side and the secondary side, it is not favorable for increasing the power density. In order to further increase the power density of the converter, magnetic integration technology is adopted to integrate the transformer and two resonant inductors into one magnetic core, which is one of effective means.
The documents "gan Liu, Dan Li, Jianqiu Zhang, Bo Hu and mini, jia," Bidirectional CLLC secondary DC-DC converter with integrated magnetic for OBCM application [ C ]// IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), Seville, 2015, pp.946-951 "propose magnetic integration schemes for CLLC converters that integrate two resonant inductances into a transformer by reducing the coupling degree of the primary and secondary windings. However, the magnetic core structure is not optimal, the sizes of the excitation inductance and the leakage inductance are difficult to control, and the inductance values of the primary inductance and the secondary inductance cannot be equal. The document "Bin Li, Qiang Li and Fred c.lee.high-Frequency PCB Winding Transformer for a Bi-Directional inductor [ J ]. IEEE transformations on Power Electronics, vol.34, No.7, pp.6123-6135, July 2019" provides another idea for a three-phase CLLC system, the Transformer is divided into two parts, the primary Winding and the secondary Winding of the two parts are in symmetric relation, the magnetic circuit is decoupled by using the center pillar, the coupling degree of the primary Winding and the secondary Winding is reduced, thereby realizing the integration of two leakage inductances, the method can realize the control of the excitation inductance and the leakage inductance of the Transformer, and the primary leakage inductance and the secondary leakage inductance are equal in size. However, the method relies on the magnetic core center pillar for decoupling, the utilization rate of the magnetic core is not high, the magnetic flux on the magnetic core center pillar is large, the loss is large, and a space for further improvement is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a magnetic integration single-transformer and double-inductor structure, which can integrate a transformer and two inductors into a magnetic core, is convenient to control leakage inductance, can optimize magnetic flux distribution, reduces hysteresis loss, greatly reduces the volume of a magnetic part of a power converter and improves power density.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The transformer and inductor magnetic integrated structure is composed of a magnetic core (10), a primary winding (20) and a secondary winding (30), wherein the number of magnetic columns wound with part of the primary winding and/or part of the secondary winding is 2X (X is more than or equal to 2), the number of magnetic columns not wound with the winding is Y (more than or equal to 0), and every two magnetic columns wound with part of the primary winding and/or part of the secondary winding form a pair, namely the number of magnetic columns wound with part of the primary winding and/or part of the secondary winding is X; in two magnetic columns which are a pair of each other, the primary winding and the secondary winding of one magnetic column are respectively opposite to the primary winding and the secondary winding of the other magnetic column in winding directions, and the number of turns of the primary winding and the number of turns of the secondary winding on the two magnetic columns form a symmetrical relation, namely if the number of turns of the primary winding of one magnetic column is NpNk1(Np≥1，Nk1Not less than 0), the number of turns of the secondary winding is NsNk2(Ns≥1，Nk2≥0，Nk1+Nk2not less than 1), the number of primary winding turns of the other magnetic pole is NpNk2The number of turns of the secondary winding is NsNk1。
In the transformer and inductor magnetic integrated structure, at least one pair of magnetic columns exists, and the turns ratio of a primary winding to a secondary winding on the two magnetic columns is unequal.
The sectional areas of the first magnetic column and the second magnetic column of each pair of magnetic columns are the same; the sectional areas of each pair of magnetic columns can be the same or different; the cross-sectional area of the pole without either the primary or secondary winding may be the same or different than the pole with a portion of the primary and/or secondary winding.
The air gap lengths of the first magnetic column and the second magnetic column of each pair of magnetic columns are the same; the air gap lengths of each pair of magnetic columns can be the same or different; the air gap length of the legs, which have neither primary nor secondary windings, and the legs, which have portions of the primary and/or secondary windings wound around them, may be the same or different.
The winding can adopt a planar winding and a winding.
The technical scheme of the invention is essentially different from the existing technical scheme in that a plurality of groups of magnetic columns are introduced, primary windings and secondary windings with different proportions are distributed and wound on each magnetic column, the coupling degree of the primary windings and the secondary windings is reduced, the purpose of integrating a transformer and an inductor is achieved, and meanwhile, any turn ratio and any excitation inductance and leakage inductance ratio can be realized.
Assuming that the magnetic poles wound with part of the primary windings and/or part of the secondary windings are 2X (X is more than or equal to 2), the magnetic poles not wound with the windings are Y (more than or equal to 0), and every two magnetic poles wound with part of the primary windings and/or part of the secondary windings form a pair, namely the magnetic poles wound with part of the primary windings and/or part of the secondary windings are X pairs; in two magnetic columns which are a pair of each other, the primary winding and the secondary winding of one magnetic column are respectively opposite to the primary winding and the secondary winding of the other magnetic column in winding directions, and the number of turns of the primary winding and the number of turns of the secondary winding on the two magnetic columns form a symmetrical relation, namely if the number of turns of the primary winding of one magnetic column is NpNk1(Np≥1，Nk1Not less than 0), the number of turns of the secondary winding is NsNk2(Ns≥1，Nk2≥0，Nk1+Nk2Not less than 1), the number of primary winding turns of the other magnetic pole is NpNk2The number of turns of the secondary winding is NsNk1(ii) a The first magnetic column and the second magnetic column of each pair of magnetic columns have the same sectional area, and the cross section of the magnetic columns is connected with Ak(ii) a The first magnetic column and the second magnetic column of each pair of magnetic columns have the same air gap length deltak(ii) a Then the setturn ratio of transformer is Np/Ns。
In the transformer and inductor magnetic integration structure, at least one pair of magnetic columns exists, the turns of primary windings and the turns of secondary windings on the two magnetic columns are not equal, namely, the j-th pair of magnetic columns exists, and the number of turns of the primary windings and the number of turns of the secondary windings meet the requirement of Nj1≠Nj2Leakage inductance exists in the primary winding and the secondary winding, and the ratio of the leakage inductance of the primary winding to the leakage inductance of the secondary winding is Np 2/Ns 2。
Particularly, when the number of turns of the primary winding with upward magnetic flux direction is the same as that of the primary winding with downward magnetic flux direction, or when the magnetic columns without the primary winding and the secondary winding are provided with no air gap, the magnetic fluxes of the magnetic columns are mutually decoupled and have no coupling relation; neglecting the magnetic resistance and air leakage flux of the iron core, the primary winding excitation inductance expression can be simplified into the formula (1), the primary winding leakage inductance is shown as the formula (2), and the secondary winding leakage inductance is shown as the formula (3).
In the formula, Rk＝δk/(μ0Ak) Is the magnetic resistance of the kth magnetic pillar, mu0is air permeability.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the transformer and the two inductors are integrated at the same time, so that the volume and the weight of the power magnetic part can be greatly reduced, the power density of the converter is improved, and the transformer and the inductor integrated circuit are particularly suitable for various application occasions of performing high-frequency, high-efficiency and high-power density power conversion by using the transformer and the inductors, such as a bidirectional CLLC resonant converter and the like;
(2) The magnetic core structure is flexibly configured, and any transformer turn ratio and any excitation inductance and leakage inductance ratio can be realized;
(3) The introduction of a plurality of magnetic columns can fully optimize the winding structure and optimize the magnetic flux path, and when the magnetic flux directions of adjacent magnetic columns are opposite and can be mutually offset, the magnetic core loss is lowest and the efficiency is highest.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional bidirectional CLLC resonant converter;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an integrated structure of a transformer and an inductor according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the primary windings of a pair of basic units of a transformer and inductor magnetic integrated structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the secondary windings of a pair of basic units of a transformer and inductor magnetic integrated structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an illustration of an example of a four-pole integrated planar transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a magnetic flux distribution diagram of a primary winding of a four-pole integrated planar transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a magnetic flux distribution diagram of a secondary winding of a four-pole integrated planar transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a magnetic flux distribution diagram of a four-pole integrated planar transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of the simulation result of magnetic flux distribution of a four-pole integrated planar transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a four-pole integrated planar transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an unoptimized magnetic flux distribution diagram of a four-pole integrated planar transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a diagram of a circular integrated transformer core of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a matrix-type integrated transformer core of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a structural view of a non-planar transformer core of the present invention;
In the above drawingsSymbol name of (2): u shapeinIs an input side DC power supply, UoFor the output side DC power supply, Sp1、Sp2、Sp3、Sp4As primary switching tube, Ss1、Ss2、Ss3、Ss4Is a secondary switching tube, Crpis a primary resonance capacitance, CrsIs a secondary resonance capacitance, LrpIs a primary resonant inductor, LrsIs a secondary resonant inductor, T is a transformer, upIs a primary excitation voltage usIs a secondary excitation voltage, ipis a primary current isFor the secondary current, k1 and k2 are respectively a first magnetic column and a second magnetic column of the kth pair of magnetic columns, NpNk1、NpNk2The primary winding turns of the first magnetic column and the second magnetic column of the kth pair of magnetic columns respectively, NsNk2、NsNk1The number of secondary windings of the first magnetic column and the second magnetic column of the kth pair of magnetic columns respectively.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional bidirectional CLLC resonant converter before integration, which includes a transformer and two inductors, and in order to reduce the size and improve the efficiency, the present invention adopts a magnetic integration technology to integrate the transformer and the two inductors into a magnetic core. The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 2, the integrated magnetic structure of the transformer and the inductor is composed of a magnetic core (10), a primary winding (20) and a secondary winding (30), wherein the number of the magnetic columns wound with part of the primary winding and/or part of the secondary winding is 2X (X is larger than or equal to 2), the number of the magnetic columns not wound with the winding is Y (larger than or equal to 0), and every two magnetic columns wound with part of the primary winding and/or part of the secondary winding form a pair, namely the number of the magnetic columns wound with part of the primary winding and/or part of the secondary winding is X; in two magnetic columns which are a pair of each other, the primary winding and the secondary winding of one magnetic column are respectively opposite to the primary winding and the secondary winding of the other magnetic column in winding directions, and the number of turns of the primary winding and the number of turns of the secondary winding on the two magnetic columns form a symmetrical relation, namely if the number of turns of the primary winding of one magnetic column is NpNk1(Np≥1，Nk1not less than 0), the number of turns of the secondary winding is NsNk2(Ns≥1，Nk2≥0，Nk1+Nk2Not less than 1), the number of primary winding turns of the other magnetic pole is NpNk2The number of turns of the secondary winding is NsNk1The schematic diagram of the primary winding is shown in fig. 3, and the schematic diagram of the secondary winding is shown in fig. 4; at least one pair of magnetic columns exists, the turns ratio of the primary winding to the secondary winding on the two magnetic columns is not equal, namely, the j-th pair of magnetic columns exists, and the number of turns of the primary winding and the number of turns of the secondary winding meet Nj1≠Nj2(ii) a The sectional areas of the first magnetic column and the second magnetic column of each pair of magnetic columns are the same; the first magnetic column and the second magnetic column of each pair of magnetic columns are the same in shape; the air gap lengths of the first magnetic column and the second magnetic column of each pair of magnetic columns are the same; the turn ratio of the integrated transformer is Np/NsLeakage inductance exists in the primary winding and the secondary winding, and the ratio of the leakage inductance of the primary winding to the leakage inductance of the secondary winding is Np 2/Ns 2。
The working principle of the present invention will be described below by taking a four-pole integrated planar transformer as shown in fig. 5 as an example. The magnetic core comprises a magnetic core (10) with four magnetic columns, a primary winding (20) and a secondary winding (30); the cross sections of the four magnetic columns are the same, and the air gaps are the same; primary winding N on No. 1 to No. 4 magnetic polepThe number of turns is 4 turns, 2 turns and 4 turns in sequence, and the number of turns of the secondary winding from the No. 1 magnetic pole to the No. 4 magnetic pole is 2 turns, 4 turns and 2 turns in sequence; the primary and secondary windings of the No. 1 and No. 2 magnetic columns are wound in the clockwise direction, the primary and secondary windings of the No. 3 and No. 4 magnetic columns are wound in the counterclockwise direction, the magnetic flux distribution of the primary winding is shown in figure 6, the magnetic flux distribution of the secondary winding is shown in figure 7, the symbol x in the figure represents that the magnetic flux direction is from outside to inside, the symbol-' represents that the magnetic flux direction is from inside to outside, the number of the symbols represents the size of the magnetic flux, and the symbol x represents the end with the same name; the total magnetic flux distribution is shown as 8 by comprehensively considering the action effects of the primary winding and the secondary winding, and arrows in FIG. 8 indicate the magnetic flux directions of the lower magnetic core in FIG. 5; the simulation result is shown in fig. 9, the magnetic field distribution is relatively uniform; wound out according to this methodThe turn ratio of the coming transformer is 1: 1, the leakage inductance of the primary winding and the secondary winding are the same, the ratio of the excitation inductance to the leakage inductance is 4, and the equivalent circuit is shown in fig. 10.
The transformer wound by the method has uniform magnetic flux distribution, the directions of the magnetic fluxes between adjacent magnetic columns are opposite, the magnetic fluxes can be mutually offset, and the loss is lowest; if the order of any two adjacent magnetic columns is exchanged, for example, the magnetic column No. 1 and the magnetic column No. 2 are exchanged, the distribution of the magnetic flux changes, as shown in fig. 11, the magnetic flux is concentrated on two sides, and the loss is large.
in addition to the above-described core structures, the core structure according to the present invention is not limited to the structures shown in fig. 2 and 5, and may be a circular structure shown in fig. 12, a matrix structure shown in fig. 13, a non-planar transformer structure shown in fig. 14, or any other structures; the two magnetic columns forming a pair of basic units are not required to be placed together, the arrangement mode and the connection sequence of the windings can be changed at will, and the magnetic columns are not limited by the figures 2 and 5, but the purposes of optimizing the magnetic field distribution and reducing the loss are achieved.
The above description of the present invention is intended to be illustrative. Various modifications, additions and substitutions for the specific embodiments described may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.

Claims (5)

1. the utility model provides a transformer and inductance magnetism integrated configuration which characterized in that:
The transformer and inductor magnetic integrated structure is composed of a magnetic core (10), a primary winding (20) and a secondary winding (30), wherein the number of magnetic columns wound with part of the primary winding and/or part of the secondary winding is 2X (X is more than or equal to 2), the number of magnetic columns not wound with the winding is Y (more than or equal to 0), and every two magnetic columns wound with part of the primary winding and/or part of the secondary winding form a pair, namely the number of magnetic columns wound with part of the primary winding and/or part of the secondary winding is X; in the two magnetic columns which are a pair of each other, the primary winding and the secondary winding of one magnetic column are respectively andThe winding directions of the primary winding and the secondary winding of the other magnetic pole are opposite, and the number of turns of the primary winding and the number of turns of the secondary winding on the two magnetic poles form a symmetrical relation, namely if the number of turns of the primary winding of one magnetic pole is NpNk1(Np≥1，Nk1Not less than 0), the number of turns of the secondary winding is NsNk2(Ns≥1，Nk2≥0，Nk1+Nk2Not less than 1), the number of primary winding turns of the other magnetic pole is NpNk2The number of turns of the secondary winding is NsNk1。
2. a transformer and inductor magnetic integration structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the transformer and inductor magnetic integrated structure, at least one pair of magnetic columns exists, and the turns ratio of a primary winding to a secondary winding on the two magnetic columns is unequal.
3. a transformer and inductor magnetic integration structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sectional areas of the first magnetic column and the second magnetic column of each pair of magnetic columns are the same; the sectional areas of each pair of magnetic columns can be the same or different; the cross-sectional area of the pole without either the primary or secondary winding may be the same or different than the pole with a portion of the primary and/or secondary winding.
4. A transformer and inductor magnetic integration structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the air gap lengths of the first magnetic column and the second magnetic column of each pair of magnetic columns are the same; the air gap lengths of each pair of magnetic columns can be the same or different; the air gap length of the legs, which have neither primary nor secondary windings, and the legs, which have portions of the primary and/or secondary windings wound around them, may be the same or different.
5. The integrated magnetic transformer and inductor structure of claim 1, wherein: the winding can adopt a planar winding and a winding.
CN201910884148.9A 2019-09-12 2019-09-12 Transformer and inductance magnetism integrated configuration Pending CN110581003A (en)

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CN111669058A (en) * 2020-05-26 2020-09-15 中国科学院电工研究所 Three-phase CLLC bidirectional DC converter and control method thereof
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CN111899962A (en) * 2020-07-08 2020-11-06 西安交通大学 Magnetic integration system of DC-DC converter based on GaN
CN112071580A (en) * 2020-08-14 2020-12-11 南京博兰得电子科技有限公司 Coupling inductor
CN112071580B (en) * 2020-08-14 2022-03-08 南京博兰得电子科技有限公司 Coupling inductor
CN112366071A (en) * 2020-10-19 2021-02-12 深圳市英威腾电气股份有限公司 Frequency converter, three-phase reactor and winding method of three-phase reactor
CN114496531A (en) * 2020-12-24 2022-05-13 台达电子企业管理（上海）有限公司 Integrated inductor and power supply module
CN114496531B (en) * 2020-12-24 2024-04-05 台达电子企业管理（上海）有限公司 Integrated inductor and power module
CN112906199A (en) * 2021-01-22 2021-06-04 湖南大学 Multi-transformer electromagnetic decoupling and high-degree magnetic integration design method
CN113809904A (en) * 2021-09-28 2021-12-17 天津大学 Matrix transformer based on LLC resonant converter topology magnetic integration
CN113809904B (en) * 2021-09-28 2024-03-29 天津大学 Matrix transformer based on LLC resonant converter topology magnetic integration
CN114785180A (en) * 2022-05-26 2022-07-22 上海交通大学 Micro inverter magnetic element parameter optimization design method based on mode switching control
CN114785180B (en) * 2022-05-26 2023-06-02 上海交通大学 Micro-inverter magnetic element parameter optimization design method based on mode switching control

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Application publication date: 20191217