CN110576264B - Micro-nano composite structure for fluid drag reduction and laser processing method - Google Patents
Micro-nano composite structure for fluid drag reduction and laser processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110576264B CN110576264B CN201911012236.6A CN201911012236A CN110576264B CN 110576264 B CN110576264 B CN 110576264B CN 201911012236 A CN201911012236 A CN 201911012236A CN 110576264 B CN110576264 B CN 110576264B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/355—Texturing
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
Abstract
The invention mainly relates to a micro-nano composite structure for fluid drag reduction and a laser processing method. Designing micro-nano composite anti-drag groove structures with different periods, and preparing a micron-sized groove structure on the surface of the metal by utilizing an ultrafast pulse laser processing technology; and then preparing a laser-induced periodic nano structure by using ultrafast laser on the basis of the micron-sized groove. The micro-nano composite groove structure can ensure that when fluid flows through the metal surface, the liquid is not in direct contact with the metal surface by utilizing air existing in the groove, so that the resistance borne by the fluid when the fluid flows on the metal surface can be effectively reduced. And the existence of the anti-drag groove can also reduce a large vortex structure generated by liquid agglomeration, the liquid fluctuation is small, and the friction resistance between the liquid and the metal surface is small, thereby also achieving the aim of drag reduction. The structure can effectively reduce the resistance of fluid flowing through the metal surface, and reduce energy loss and material abrasion. The method for processing the drag reduction surface structure has the advantages of high efficiency, wide application range and the like, and can be used in the fields of oil pipelines, ship manufacturing and the like.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of laser micro-nano manufacturing, and particularly relates to a micro-nano composite structure for fluid drag reduction and a laser processing method.
Background art:
in the process of moving a high-speed moving object, because of the friction force between the wall surface and the fluid medium, the energy is consumed, the surface material of the high-speed moving object is abraded, and the service life of the high-speed moving object is shortened. Reducing the resistance between a high-speed moving object and a fluid medium is a key problem in the research of the field of fluid mechanics. Based on the aim, a large number of scientific researchers carry out experimental research and provide a plurality of resistance reduction methods, McCormick and the like carry out related research on micro-bubble resistance reduction, bubbles are generated in fluid by utilizing electrolysis, the maximum resistance reduction effect can reach 50%, and the feasibility of micro-bubble resistance reduction is verified. Liwanping et al verified the feasibility of drag reduction of the compliant wall through resistance test experiments, and learned that the drag reduction effect of the compliant wall surface can reach 15.7% under a certain working condition. Toms finds that a certain amount of polymethyl methacrylate added in turbulent flow has a good resistance reduction effect, and corresponding resistance test experiments are carried out in a water pipe, so that the feasibility of resistance reduction of the polymer additive is verified. In the 80 s of the 20 th century, Walsh et al, the NASA Lanli research center, simplified the surface skin microstructure of the sand fish skin, and studied the resistance reduction characteristics of different groove structure unit bodies distributed along the flowing direction. Research results show that the groove structure has the drag reduction effect. In various groove structure forms researched, the symmetrical V-shaped grooves have the optimal resistance reducing performance, and the grooves in the U shape, the L shape, the sine shape, the semi-circle shape and the like also have certain resistance reducing effects. However, in the above drag reduction method, the non-smooth surface drag reduction method does not need to additionally add auxiliary equipment, and only needs to process a non-smooth geometric unit meeting a certain size requirement on the surface of an object, so that the non-smooth surface drag reduction technology becomes a drag reduction technology research hotspot. And the V-shaped groove surface in the non-smooth surface is the drag reduction surface structure with the best drag reduction effect.
In recent years, machining methods such as micro electric discharge machining, micro electrolytic machining, chemical physical etching, and precision machining have been used for surface machining of the drag reduction micro groove. However, these techniques have some disadvantages in application, such as low processing efficiency, limited processing materials, environmental pollution of processing liquid, and difficulty in mass production. The ultrafast laser can be used for processing the surface of the resistance reduction groove of various materials by virtue of the extremely short pulse period and the extremely high peak power of the ultrafast laser.
At present, a single drag reduction micro-groove structure is widely applied to the engineering fields of ship drag reduction, pipeline drag reduction and the like. But most of the anti-drag devices are adhered with films with anti-drag groove structures at the positions needing anti-drag to achieve the anti-drag effect. And the non-smooth surface drag reduction structure is mostly a single parallel micro-groove structure, and the research on the drag reduction performance of the micro-nano composite structure is lacked.
The invention content is as follows:
aiming at the problems that the resistance-reducing micro-groove structure is single and the preparation technology is insufficient, the invention adopts ultrafast laser to process the resistance-reducing micro-nano composite groove resistance-reducing structure on the metal surface, thereby realizing the fluid resistance-reducing effect.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a micro-nano composite structure for fluid drag reduction and a laser processing method, which adopt the following technical scheme:
a manufacturing method for preparing a micro-nano composite groove structure on the surface of a metal material by using ultrafast pulse laser to realize fluid medium resistance reduction comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a metal material for preparing a surface micro-nano composite groove structure;
step two: grinding and polishing the surface of the metal material to be processed by laser by using a mechanical grinding method, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the polished metal sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying;
step three: designing a micro-groove structure to be processed on the metal surface by using ultrafast pulse laser;
step four: setting laser process parameters and a process scanning path;
step five: placing a metal sample piece to be processed on a laser precision processing platform, adjusting a laser beam to enable the focus of the laser beam to be located on the surface of the metal sample piece, and processing a designed micro-groove structure on the surface of the metal sample piece according to a laser scanning process path by utilizing set laser process parameters;
step six: setting laser process parameters and a process scanning path of the laser-induced surface periodic nanometer corrugated structure;
step seven: processing a periodic nanometer corrugated structure on the surface of the micro-groove structure according to set laser process parameters and a process scanning path;
step eight: and (3) putting the metal sample piece subjected to laser processing into absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning to obtain the fluid medium resistance-reducing micro-nano composite groove structure on the surface of the metal material.
2. The metal material comprises titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, stainless steel and other metal materials.
3. The width of the micro-groove structure is 10-200 mu m, and the depth is 10-250 mu m; the structure period is 60-300 μm.
4. The micro-groove processing uses laser parameters as follows: the pulse width is 0.01-100 ps, the laser wavelength is 200-1100 nm, the repetition frequency is 30-2000 kHz, the output power is 1-50W, the scanning speed is 10-4000 mm/s, and the processing times are 1-200.
5. And setting a process scanning path to enable the direction of the processed laser-induced surface periodic nanometer corrugated structure to be parallel to the direction of the micro-groove structure.
6. The parameters of the laser-induced surface periodic nanometer corrugated structure are as follows: the pulse width is 0.01-100 ps, the laser wavelength is 200-1100 nm, the repetition frequency is 30-2000 kHz, the output power is 1-50W, the scanning speed is 500-5000 mm/s, and the processing times are 2-50.
7. In the process of rheostatic resistance detection, the adopted test solutions comprise glycerol aqueous solutions with different concentrations (0-100%), standard viscosity solutions and the like.
8. In the process of detecting the rheologic resistance, the adopted rheologic resistance detection equipment is a rotary rheometer.
9. The fluid drag reduction rate of the surface of the metal material with the ultrafast laser processing micro-nano composite groove structure can reach 42%.
The micro-nano composite structure for fluid drag reduction and the laser processing method have the advantages that:
(1) the processing range is wide. The drag reduction surface structure is processed by ultrafast laser. The ultrafast laser has the advantages of short pulse period, high single-pulse peak energy and the like, can process various materials, and has a wide processing range.
(2) The defects are few. The ultrafast laser has high single pulse energy, the processed material is gasified in a very short time, almost no heat deposition exists, the heat affected zone of the processed structure can be obviously reduced, and defects such as air holes, microcracks and the like are avoided.
(3) The parameters are easy to adjust. By adopting laser processing, laser processing parameters can be conveniently adjusted, the anti-drag surface micro-nano composite groove structure with different geometric sizes and distribution densities can be obtained, and the lubrication characteristic of the contact surface of a solid and a fluid is improved.
(4) The structure is simple to prepare. The drag reduction surface structure provided by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation process and easiness in processing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a laser confocal microscope image of a micro-groove drag reduction structure processed on the surface of a metal material by ultrafast laser;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of a micro-nano composite groove drag reduction structure processed on the surface of a metal material by ultrafast laser;
FIG. 3 is a shear stress-shear rate distribution curve measured by the ultrafast laser processed micro-nano composite groove drag reduction structure;
FIG. 4 is a plot of drag reduction rate-shear rate distribution measured by the ultra-fast laser processed micro-nano composite groove drag reduction structure
The method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
for a better understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments of the invention, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
The specific implementation process of the method is described in detail by combining the attached drawings:
step 1: a Ti6AL4V titanium alloy metal sample piece with the thickness of 15 multiplied by 2mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height) is taken, a 1500-mesh sand paper and a mechanical polishing machine are used for removing a surface oxidation film, the polished metal sample piece is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning for 5min by absolute ethyl alcohol, and the metal sample piece is dried by a drying oven.
Step 2: the femtosecond laser and the auxiliary mechanical system thereof are started, the laser output power is set to be 8W, the laser scanning speed is 500mm/s, the scanning times are 100 times, the repetition frequency is 200kHz, and the laser wavelength is 1026 nm. Setting the laser scanning area to be 20mm multiplied by 20mm, the groove spacing to be 80 μm, and processing the anti-drag micro-groove structure, as shown in fig. 1.
And step 3: starting a picosecond laser, setting the laser output power to be 5W, the laser scanning speed to be 4000mm/s, the scanning times to be 20 times, the repetition frequency to be 100kHz, the laser wavelength to be 1026nm, setting the laser scanning area to be 20mm multiplied by 20mm, and processing the laser-induced surface periodic nanometer corrugated structure, which is shown in reference to fig. 2.
And 4, step 4: and (4) putting the processed metal sample piece into absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning for 5 min.
And 5: and characterizing the micro-nano groove composite drag reduction structure processed on the metal surface by ultrafast laser by using a laser confocal microscope.
Step 6: and characterizing the micro-nano groove composite drag reduction structure obtained by processing the ultrafast laser on the metal surface by using a scanning electron microscope.
And 7: a30% glycerol aqueous solution is used as a fluid resistance detection solution, a rotary rheometer is used for detecting the fluid resistance reduction performance of the micro-nano composite groove resistance reduction structure prepared on the surface of the metal material by laser, and data are recorded.
And 8: by processing the data obtained from the experiment, a shear stress-shear rate distribution graph (shown with reference to fig. 3) and a drag reduction rate-shear rate distribution graph (shown with reference to fig. 4) were obtained.
Claims (3)
1. A manufacturing method for preparing a micro-nano composite groove structure on the surface of a metal material by using ultrafast pulse laser to realize fluid medium resistance reduction comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a metal material for preparing a surface micro-nano composite groove structure;
step two: grinding and polishing the surface of the metal material to be processed by laser by using a mechanical grinding method, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the polished metal sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying;
step three: designing a micro-groove structure to be processed on the metal surface by using ultrafast pulse laser;
step four: setting laser process parameters and a process scanning path;
step five: placing a metal sample piece to be processed on a laser precision processing platform, adjusting a laser beam to enable the focus of the laser beam to be located on the surface of the metal sample piece, and processing a designed micro-groove structure on the surface of the metal sample piece according to a laser scanning process path by utilizing set laser process parameters;
step six: setting laser process parameters and a process scanning path of the laser-induced surface periodic nanometer corrugated structure;
step seven: processing a periodic nanometer corrugated structure on the surface of the micro-groove structure according to set laser process parameters and a process scanning path;
step eight: putting the metal sample piece processed by the laser into absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning to obtain a fluid medium resistance-reducing micro-nano composite groove structure on the surface of the metal material;
the metal material comprises titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and stainless steel;
setting a process scanning path to enable the direction of the processed laser-induced surface periodic nanometer corrugated structure to be parallel to the direction of the micro-groove structure;
the parameters of the laser-induced surface periodic nanometer corrugated structure are as follows: the pulse width is 0.01-100 ps, the laser wavelength is 200-1100 nm, the repetition frequency is 30-2000 kHz, the output power is 1-50W, the scanning speed is 500-5000 mm/s, and the processing times are 2-50.
2. The manufacturing method for realizing fluid medium drag reduction by preparing the micro-nano composite groove structure on the surface of the metal material by using the ultrafast pulse laser according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the width of the micro-groove structure is 10-200 mu m, and the depth is 10-250 mu m; the structure period is 60-300 μm.
3. The manufacturing method for realizing fluid medium drag reduction by preparing the micro-nano composite groove structure on the surface of the metal material by using the ultrafast pulse laser according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the micro-groove processing uses laser parameters as follows: the pulse width is 0.01-100 ps, the laser wavelength is 200-1100 nm, the repetition frequency is 30-2000 kHz, the output power is 1-50W, the scanning speed is 10-4000 mm/s, and the processing times are 1-200.
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| CN111168232B (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2021-04-20 | 吉林大学 | Method for preparing nanometer precision by femtosecond laser |
| CN112478132A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-12 | 复旦大学 | Micro-nano scale nested groove surface drag reduction structure based on vortex drive design |
| CN113634883B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2023-04-11 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | By using CO 2 Method for representing fused quartz glass subsurface defect distribution by pulse laser chromatographic ablation |
| CN114473227A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-05-13 | 武汉华工激光工程有限责任公司 | Laser processing method for corrosion-resistant black sculpture of stainless steel |
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